Reduction of Salmonella enteritidis in shell eggs using directional microwave technology

Poultry Science

Volumn 87, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 985-991

  Lakins, D G ^a   Alvarado, C Z ^a   Thompson, L D ^a   Brashears, M T ^a   Brooks, J C ^a   Brashears, M M ^a  

^a TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Directional microwave; Egg; Salmonella enteritidis

Indexed keywords

SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS;

EID: 44449129469     PISSN: 00325791     EISSN: 15253171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00393     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. AEB. 2005. US Egg Industry Fact Sheet. http://www.aeb.org/Learnmore/ Trivia.htm Accessed Sep. 2005.
2. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem., Washington, DC.
3. Barbour, E. K., L. E. Jurdi, C. Issa, and R. Tannous. 2001. Preliminary attempts towards production of table eggs free from Salmonella Enteritidis. J. Cleaner Prod. 9:69-73.
4. Baron, F. M., M. Gautier, and F. Brule. 1997. Factors involved in the inhibition of growth of Salmonella Enteritidis in liquid egg white. J. Food Prot. 60:1318-1323.
5. Bradshaw, J. G., D. B. Shah, E. Forney, and J. M. Madden. 1990. Growth of Salmonella Enteritidis in yolk of shell eggs from normal and seropositive hens. J. Food Prot. 63:1003-1036.
6. Braun, P., and K. Fehlhaber. 1995. Migration of Salmonella Enteritidis from the albumen into the egg yolk. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 25:95-99.
7. Brooks, J., and D. J. Taylor. 1955. 1. Egg and Egg Products. G. B. Dep. Sci. Ind. Res. Food Invest. Board Spec. Rep. 60. HMSO, London, UK.
8. Chinachoti, P. 2000. Water Activity. Food Chemistry: Principles and Applications. Sci. Technol. Syst., Sacramento, CA.
9. Clay, C. E., and R. G. Board. 1991. Growth of Salmonella Enteritidis in artificially contaminated hen's eggs. Epidemiol. Infect. 106:271-281.
10. Cunningham, F. E. 1995. Pages 289-321 in Egg Science and Technology. 4th ed. W. J. Stadleman and O. J. Cotterill, ed. The Hawthorn Press Inc., Binghampton, NY.
11. Ebel, E., and W. Schlosser. 2000. Estimating the annual fraction of eggs contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis in the United States. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 61:41-62.
12. FDA. 2000. Irradiation in the production, processing and handling of food. 21 CFR Part 179.
13. Ferroni, C., G. Coccoli, G. Baronio, S. Piazza, and F. Paterlini. 2003. Evaluation of new treatments for pasteurization-sterilization of shell eggs. 42° Convegno Societa' Italiana Di Patologia Aviare. Via Punta di Ferro, Forlì, Italia.
14. Froning, G. W., D. Peters, P. Muriana, K. Eskridge, D. Travnicek, and S. S. Sumner. 2002. International Egg Pasteurization Manual. Presented in cooperation with the United Egg Association (Atlanta, GA) and the American Egg Board (Park Ridge, IL).
15. Gast, R. K., and C. W. Beard. 1990. Production of Salmonella Enteritidis-contaminated eggs by experimentally infected hens. Avian Dis. 34:438-446.
16. Gast, R. K., and P. S. Holt. 2000a. Influence of the level and location of contamination on the multiplication of Salmonella Enteritidis at different storage temperatures in experimentally inoculated eggs. Poult. Sci. 79:559-563.
17. Gast, R. K., and P. S. Holt. 2000b. Deposition of phage type 4 and 13a Salmonella Enteritidis strains in the yolk and albumen of eggs laid by experimentally infected hens. Avian Dis. 44:706-710.
18. Gast, R. K., and P. S. Holt. 2001. Assessing the frequency and consequences of Salmonella Enteritidis deposition on the egg yolk membrane. Poult. Sci. 80:997-1002.
19. Hope, B. K., A. R. Baker, E. D. Edel, A. T. Hogue, W. D. Shlosser, R. Whiting, R. M. McDowell, and R. A. Morales. 2002. An overview of the Salmonella Enteritidis risk assessment for shell eggs and egg products. Risk Anal. 22:203-218.
20. Hou, H., R. K. Singh, P. M. Muriana, and W. J. Stadelman. 1996. Pasteurization of intact shell eggs. Food Microbiol. 13:93-101.
21. Humphrey, T. J., A. Naskerville, S. Mawer, B. Rowe, and S. Hopper. 1989. Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 from the contents of intact eggs: A study involving naturally infected hens. Epidemiol. Infect. 104:415-423.
22. Humphrey, T. J., and A. Whitehead. 1993. Egg age and the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis in egg contents. Epidemiol. Infect. 111:209-291.
23. Humphrey, T. J., A. Whitehead, A. H. L. Gawler, A. Hensley, and B. Rowe. 1991. Numbers of Salmonella Enteritidis in the contents of naturally contaminated hens' eggs. Epidemiol. Infect. 106:489-496.
24. James, C., V. Lechevalier, and L. Ketteringham. 2002. Surface pasteurization of shell eggs. J. Food Eng. 53:193-197.
25. Jeng, D. K. H., K. A. Kaczmarek, A. G. Woodworth, and G. Balasky. 1987. Mechanism of microwave sterilization in the dry state. Applied Environ. Microbiol. 53:2133-2137.
26. Kinde, H., D. H. Read, R. P. Chin, A. A. Bickford, R. L. Walker, A. Adams, R. E. Breitmeyer, D. Willoughby, H. E. Little, D. Ken, and I. A. Gardner. 1996. Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 infection in a commercial layer flock in Southern California: Bacteriologicial and epidemiological findings. Avian Dis. 40:665-671.
27. Kozempel, M. F., B. A. Annous, R. D. Cook, O. J. Scullen, and R. C. Whiting. 1998. Inactivation of microorganisms with microwaves at reduced temperatures. J. Food Prot. 61:582-585.
28. Lock, J. L., and R. G. Board. 1992. Persistence of contamination of hens' egg albumen in vitro with Salmonella serotypes. Epidemiol. Infect. 108:389-396.
29. Olsen, C. M., C. L. Drake, and S. L. Bunch. 1966. Some biological effects of microwave energy. J. Microw. Power 1:45-46.
30. President's Council on Food Safety. 1999. Egg safety from production to consumption: An action plan to eliminate Salmonella Enteritidis illnesses due to eggs. USDA, Washington, DC.
31. Rahman, S. 1995. Food Properties Handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
32. SAS. 2003. SAS/STAT User's Guide. Version 8.2. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
33. Schlosser, W. D., D. J. Henzler, J. Mason, D. C. Kradel, and S. Hurd. 1999. The Salmonella Enteritidis pilot project and the Pennsylvania egg quality assurance program. Proc. US Anim. Health Assoc. 98:425-430.
34. Stadelman, W. J., and O. W. Cotterill ed. 1995. Egg Science and Technology. AVI Publ. Co. Inc., Westport, CT.
35. USDA. 1980. Regulations governing inspection of egg products. 7 CFR. Part 2859. Effective May 8, 1980.
36. USDA. 1998. Refrigeration and labeling requirements for shell eggs (Final Rule). Fed. Regist. 63:45663-45675.
37. USDA-CFSAN. 2003. Salmonella. Pages 1-23 in Bacteriological Analytical Manual Online. 8th ed. http://www.cfsan.fda.-gov/~ebam/bam-toc.html Accessed May 2006.
38. Vanlith, L. A. J. T., F. F. Putrirulan, and R. W. A. W. Mulder. 1995. Pasteurization of table eggs to eliminate salmonellae. Arch. Geflugelkd. 59:147-160.