Estimating the annual fraction of eggs contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis in the United States

International Journal of Food Microbiology

Volumn 61, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 51-62

  Ebel, Eric ^a   Schlosser, Wayne ^a  

^a U S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE   (United States)

Author keywords

Chickens; Eggs; Layers; Monte Carlo; Salmonella; Salmonella enteritidis

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONSUMER; EGG; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; FOOD CONTAMINATION; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; MEASUREMENT; MICROBIAL GROWTH; MOLTING; NONHUMAN; POLICY; PREVALENCE; PROBABILITY; RISK FACTOR; SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS; SALMONELLOSIS; SYSTEM ANALYSIS; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALS; CHICKENS; EGGS; FEMALE; FOOD MICROBIOLOGY; MONTE CARLO METHOD; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS; SALMONELLA FOOD POISONING; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; UNITED STATES;

ENTERITIDIS; GALLUS GALLUS; NEGIBACTERIA; SALMONELLA; SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS;

EID: 0034307811     PISSN: 01681605     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00375-5     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Bumstead N., Barrow P. Resistance to Salmonella gallinarum, S. pullorum, and S. enteritidis in inbred lines of chickens. Avian Dis. 37:1993;638-647.
2. Cassin M.H., Lammerding A.M., Todd E.C., Ross W., McColl R.S. Quantitative risk assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef hamburgers. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 41:1998;21-44.
3. Ebel E.D., Hogue A.T., Schlosser W.D. Prevalence of Salmonella enterica Serovar enteritidis in unpasteurized liquid eggs and aged laying hens at slaughter: Implications on epidemiology and control of the disease. Saeed A.M. Salmonella enterica Serovar enteritidis in Humans and Animals: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control. 1999;Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
4. Ebel E.D., David M.D., Mason J. Occurrence of Salmonella enteritidis in the US commercial egg industry: a report on a national spent hen survey. Avian Dis. 36:1992;646-654.
5. Gast R.K., Beard C.W. Isolation of Salmonella enteritidis from internal organs of experimentally infected hens. Avian Dis. 34:1990;991-993.
6. Gast R.K., Beard C.W. Evaluation of a chick mortality model for predicting the consequences of Salmonella enteritidis infections in laying hens. Poultry Sci. 71:1992;281-287.
7. Gast R.K., Benson S.T. The comparative virulence for chicks of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 isolates and isolates of phage types commonly found in poultry in the United States. Avian Dis. 39:1995;567-574.
8. Gast R.K., Benson S.T. Intestinal colonization and organ invasion in chicks experimentally infected with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 and other phage types isolated from poultry in the United States. Avian Dis. 40:1996;853-857.
9. Guard-Petter J. Detection of two smooth colony phenotypes in a Salmonella enteritidis isolate which vary in their ability to contaminate eggs. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:1993;2884-2890.
10. Guard-Petter J., Lakshmi B., Carlson R., Ingram K. Characterization of lipopolysaccharide heterogeneity in Salmonella enteritidis by an improved gel electrophoresis method. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51:1995;2845-2851.
11. Guard-Petter J., Keller L.H., Rahman M.M., Carlson R.W., Silvers S. A novel relationship between O-antigen variation, matrix formation, and invasiveness of Salmonella enteritidis. Epidemiol. Infect. 117:1996;219-231.
12. Guard-Petter J. Induction of flagellation and a novel agar-penetrating flagellar structure in Salmonella enterica grown on solid media: Possible consequences for serological identification. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 149:1997;173-180.
13. Guard-Petter J., Henzler D.J., Rahman M.M., Carlson R.W. On-farm monitoring of mouse-invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and a model for its association with the production of contaminated eggs. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:1997;1588-1593.
14. Henzler D.J., Kradel D.C., Sischo W.M. Management and environmental risk factors for Salmonella enteritidis contamination of eggs. Am. J. Vet. Res. 59:(7):1998;824-829.
15. Hogg R.V., Tannis E.A. Probability and Statistical Inference. 3rd Edition :1988;Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
16. Hogue A.T., Ebel E.D., Thomas L.A., Schlosser W., Bufano N., Ferris K. Surveys of Salmonella enteritidis in unpasteurized liquid egg and spent hens at slaughter. J. Food Prot. 60:1997;1194-1200.
17. Holt P.S., Porter R.E. Jr. Effect of induced molting on the course of infection and transmission of Salmonella enteritidis in white leghorn hens of different ages. Poultry Sci. 71:1992;1842-1848.
18. Holt P.S., Porter R.E. Jr. Effect of induced molting on the recurrence of a previous Salmonella enteritidis infection. Poultry Sci. 72:1993;2069-2078.
19. Holt P.S., Buhr R.J., Cunningham D.L., Porter R.E. Jr. Effect of two different molting procedures on a Salmonella enteritidis infection. Poultry Sci. 73:1994;1267-1275.
20. Holt P.S. Horizontal transmission of Salmonella enteritidis in molted and unmolted laying chickens. Avian Dis. 39:1995;239-249.
21. Kingston D.J. A comparison of culturing drag swabs and litter for identification of infections with Salmonella spp. in commercial chicken flocks. Avian Dis. 25:1981;513-516.
22. Lindell K.A., Saeed A.M., McCabe A.M. Evaluation of resistance of four strains of commercial laying hens to experimental infection with Salmonella enteritidis phage type eight. Poultry Sci. 73:1994;757-762.
23. Manning J.G., Hargis B.M., Hinton A. Jr. Effect of selected antibiotics and anticoccidials on Salmonella enteritidis cecal colonization and organ invasion in leghorn chicks. Avian Dis. 38:1994;256-261.
24. Martin S.W., Meek A.H., Willeberg P. Veterinary Epidemiology: Principles and Methods. 1987;Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
25. Phillips R.A., Opitz H.M. Pathogenicity and persistence of Salmonella enteritidis and egg contamination in normal and infectious Bursal Disease Virus-infected leghorn chicks. Avian Dis. 39:1995;778-787.
26. Qin Z.R., Arakawa A., Baba E., Fukata T., Miyamoto T., Sasai K., Withanage G.S.K. Eimeria tenella infection induces recrudescence of previous Salmonella enteritidis infection in chickens. Poultry Sci. 74:1995;1786-1792.
27. Schlosser W., Henzler D., Mason J., Kradel D., Shipman L., Trock S., Hurd S., Hogue A., Sischo W., Ebel E. The Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis pilot project. Saeed, A.M. (Ed.), Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis in Humans and Animals: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Control. 1999;Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
28. Schlosser W., Henzler D., Mason J., Hurd S., Trock S., Sischo W., Kradel D., Hogue A. Salmonella enteritidis Pilot Project Progress Report. 1995;US Government Printing, Washington, DC.
29. Tellez G., Dean C.E., Corrier D.E., DeLoach J.R., Jaeger L., Hargis B.M. Effect of dietary lactose on cecal morphology, pH, organic acids, and Salmonella enteritidis organ invasion in Leghorn chicks. Poultry Sci. 73:1994;636-642.
30. Thiagarajun D., Saeed A.M., Asem E.K. A mechanism of transovarian transmission of Salmonella enteritidis in laying hens. Poultry Sci. 73:1994;89-98.
31. USDA-FSIS, 1998. Salmonella Enteritidis Risk Assessment - Shell Eggs and Egg Products. US Government Printing, Washington, DC.
32. USDA-NASS, 1997. Layers and egg production - Annual Summary. US Government Printing, Washington, DC.
33. Vose D. Quantitative Risk Analysis - A Guide to Monte Carlo Simulation Modelling. 1996;Wiley, Chicester, UK.
34. Winkler R.L. An Introduction to Bayesian Inference and Decision. 1972;Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York.