Applying plant facilitation to forest restoration: A meta-analysis of the use of shrubs as nurse plants

Ecological Applications

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 1128-1138

  Gómez Aparicio, Lorena ^a   Zamora, Regino ^a   Gómez, Jose M ^a   Hódar, Jose A ^a   Castro, Jorge ^a   Baraza, Elena ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Abiotic stress; Ecological succession; Mediterranean mountains; Meta analysis; Nurse shrubs; Plant plant interactions; Reforestation; Spatial and temporal variability; Tree and shrub seedlings

Indexed keywords

FACILITATION; INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTION; META-ANALYSIS; REFORESTATION; SHRUB;

ANDALUCIA; BETIC CORDILLERA; EURASIA; EUROPE; SIERRA NEVADA [BETIC CORDILLERA]; SOUTHERN EUROPE; SPAIN;

EID: 4444348494     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/03-5084     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Addicot, J. H. 1984. Mutualistic interactions in population and community processes. Pages 437-455 in P. W. Price, C. N. Slobodchikoff, and W. S. Gauss, editors. A new ecology: novel approaches to interactive systems. Wiley, New York, New York, USA.
2. Alpert, P., and H. A. Mooney. 1996. Resource heterogeneity generated by shrubs and topography on coastal sand dunes. Vegetatio 122:83-93.
3. Arnqvist, G., and D. Wooster. 1995. Meta-analysis: synthesizing research findings in ecology and evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10:236-240.
4. Bauer, E. 1991. Los montes de España en la historia. Second edition. Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Madrid, Spain.
5. Bertness, M. D., and R. M. Callaway. 1994. Positive interactions in communities. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9:191-193.
6. Bertness, M. D., G. H. Leonard, J. M. Levine, P. R. Schmidt, and A. O. Ingraham. 1999. Testing the relative contribution of positive and negative interactions in rocky intertidal communities. Ecology 80:2711-2726.
7. Blondel, J., and J. Aronson. 1999. Biology and wildlife in the Mediterranean region. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
8. Brooker, R. W., and T. V. Callaghan. 1998. The balance between positive and negative interactions and its relationship to environmental gradients: a model. Oikos 81:196-207.
9. Bruno, J. F., J. J. Stachowicz, and M. D. Bertness. 2003. Inclusion of facilitation into ecological theory. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 30, in press.
10. Callaway, R. M. 1995. Positive interactions among plants. Botanical Review 61:306-349.
11. Callaway, R. M., E. H. DeLucia, D. Moore, R. Nowak, and W. H. Schlesinger. 1996. Competition and facilitation: contrasting effects of Artemisia tridentata on desert vs. montane pines. Ecology 77:2130-2141.
12. Callaway, R. M., and F. I. Pugnaire. 1999. Facilitation in plant communities. Pages 623-648 in F. I. Pugnaire and F. Valladares, editors. Handbook of functional plant ecology. Marcel Dekker, New York, New York, USA.
13. Callaway, R. M., and L. R. Walker. 1997. Competition and facilitation: a synthetic approach to interactions in plant communities. Ecology 78:1958-1965.
14. Callaway, R. M., et al. 2002. Positive interactions among alpine plants increase with stress. Nature 417:844-848.
15. Casper, B. B. 1996. Demographic consequences of drought in the herbaceous perennial Cryptantha flava: effects of density, associations with shrubs, and plant size. Oecologia 106:144-152.
16. Castro, J., R. Zamora, J. A. Hódar, and J. M. Gómez. 2002. Use of shrubs as nurse plants: a new technique for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains. Restoration Ecology 10:297-305.
17. Castro, J., R. Zamora, J. A. Hódar, J. M. Gómez, and L. Gómez-Aparicio. 2004. Benefits of using shrubs as nurse plants for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains: a 4-year study. Restoration Ecology, in press.
18. Ceballos, L., and J. Ruiz de la Torre. 1971. Árboles y arbustos de la España peninsular. Instituto Forestal de Investigaciones y Experiencias. Madrid, Spain.
19. Clements, F. E. 1916. Plant succession. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 242.
20. Cohen, J. 1969. Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. Academic Press, New York, New York, USA.
21. Connell, J. H., and R. O. Slatyer. 1977. Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organization. American Naturalist 111:1119-1144.
22. Cooper, H., and L. Hedges. 1994. The handbook of research synthesis. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, New York, USA.
23. Dayton, P. K. 1972. Toward an understanding of community resilience and the potential effects of enrichment to the benthos at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Pages 81-95 in B. C. Parker, editor. Proceedings of the colloquium on conservation problems in Antarctica. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
24. Delgado, R., G. Delgado, J. Párraga, E. Gámiz, M. Sánchez, and M. A. Tenorio. 1989. Mapa de suelos, hoja 1027 (Güejar-Sierra). Institute para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Madrid, Spain.
25. Castri, F. 1981. Mediterranean-type shrublands of the world. Pages 1-52 in F. di Castri, D. W. Goodall, and R. L. Specht, editors. Ecosystems of the world 11: Mediterranean-type shrublands. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
26. Franco-Pizaña, J. G., T. E. Fulbright, D. T. Gardiner, and A. R. Tipton. 1996. Shrub emergence and seedling growth in microenvironments created by Prosopis glandulosa. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:257-264.
27. García, D., R. Zamora, J. A. Hódar, J. M. Gómez, and J. Castro. 2000. Yew (Taxus baccata L.) regeneration is facilitated by fleshy-fruited shrubs in Mediterranean environments. Biological Conservation 95:31-38.
28. García-Canseco, V. 2001. Parque Nacional de Sierra Nevada. Canseco Editors, Talavera de la Reina, Spain.
29. García-Salmeron, J. 1995. Manual de repoblaciones forestales II. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes, Madrid, Spain.
30. Gates, S. 2002. Review of methodology of quantitative reviews using meta-analysis in ecology. Journal of Animal Ecology 71:547-557.
31. Goldberg, D. E., T. Rajaniemi, J. Gurevitch, and A. Stewart-Oaten. 1999. Empirical approaches to quantifying interaction intensity: competition and facilitation along productivity gradients. Ecology 80:1118-1131.
32. Gómez, J. M. 2004. Importance of burial and microhabitat on Quercus ilex early recruitment: non-additive effects on multiple demographic processes. Plant Ecology, in press.
33. Gómez, J. M., D. García, and R. Zamora. 2003. Impact of vertebrate acorn- and seedling-predators on a Mediterranean Quercus pyrenaica forest. Forest Ecology and Management 180:125-134.
34. Gómez, J. M., L. Gómez, R. Zamora, and J. Montes. 2001a. Problemas de regeneración de especies forestales autóctonas en el espacio natural protegido de Sierra Nevada. Pages 212-218 in Montes para la sociedad de un nuevo milenio. Volume 6. Ed. Coria Gráfica, Sevilla, Spain.
35. Gómez, L., R. Zamora, J. A. Hódar, J. M. Gómez, and J. Castro. 2001b. Facilitation of tree seedlings by shrubs in Sierra Nevada (SE Spain): disentangling the mechanisms. Pages 395-400 in K. Radoglou, editor. Forest research: a challenge for an integrated european approach. National Agricultural Research Foundation, Forest Research Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece.
36. Greenlee, J., and R. M. Callaway. 1996. Effects of abiotic stress on the relative importance of interference and facilitation in montane bunchgrass communities in western Montana. American Naturalist 148:386-396.
37. Groome, H. 1989. Historia de la política forestal. Pages 137-149 in C. Ortega Hernandez-Agero, editor. El libro rojo de los bosques españoles. Asociación para la Defensa de la Naturaleza - World Wildlife Fund, Madrid, Spain.
38. Grove, A. T., and O. Rackham. 2001. The nature of Mediterranean Europe: an ecological history. Yale University Press, London, UK.
39. Gurevitch, J., and L. V. Hedges. 2001. Meta-analysis: combining the results of independent experiments. Pages 347-369 in S. M. Scheiner and J. Gurevitch, editors. Design and analysis of ecological experiments. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.
40. Hacker, S., and S. D. Gaines. 1997. Some implications of direct positive interactions for community species diversity. Ecology 78:1990-2003.
41. Hedges, L. V., and I. Olkin. 1985. Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Academic Press, New York, New York, USA.
42. Herrera, C. M., P. Jordano, L. López-Soria, and J. A. Amat. 1994. Recruitment of a mast-fruiting, bird-dispersed tree: bridging frugivore activity and seedling establishment. Ecological Monographs 64:315-344.
43. Holmgren, M., A. M. Segura, and E. R. Fuentes. 2000. Limiting mechanisms in the regeneration of the Chilean matorral. Plant Ecology 147:49-57.
44. Holzapfel, C., and B. E. Mahall. 1999. Bidirectional facilitation and interference between shrubs and annuals in the Mojave desert. Ecology 80:1747-1761.
45. Ibañez, I., and E. W. Schupp. 2001. Positive and negative interactions between environmental conditions affecting Cercocarpus ledifolius seedling survival. Oecologia 129: 543-550.
46. IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]. 2001. Climate Change 2001: third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (WG I & II). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
47. Jones, C. G., J. H. Lawton, and M. Shachak. 1994. Organisms as ecosystem engineers. Oikos 69:373-386.
48. Kitzberger, T., D. F. Steinaker, and T. T. Veblen. 2000. Effects of climatic variability on facilitation of tree establishment in Northern Patagonia. Ecology 80:1914-1924.
49. Maestre, F. T. 2002. La restauración de la cubierta vegetal en zonas semiáridas en función del patrón espacial de factores bióticos y abióticos. Dissertation. University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
50. Maestre, F. T., S. Bautista, J. Cortina, and J. Bellot. 2001. Potential for using facilitation by grasses to establish shrubs on a semiarid degraded steppe. Ecological Applications 11: 1641-1655.
51. Maestre, F. T., S. Bautista, J. Cortina, G. Díaz, M. Honrubia, and R. Vallejo. 2002. Microsite and mycorrhizal inoculum effects on the establishment of Quercus coccifera in a semiarid degraded steppe. Ecological Engineering 19:289-295.
52. Marchand, H. 1990. Les Forêts Méditerranéennes. Enjeux et perspectives. Les fascicules du Plan Bleu, 2. Economica, Paris, France.
53. Markham, J. H., and C. P. Chanway. 1996. Measuring plant neighbour effects. Functional Ecology 10:548-549.
54. Mesón, M., and M. Montoya. 1993. Selvicultura mediterránea. Mundi Prensa, Madrid, Spain.
55. Moreno, J. M. 1999. Forest fires: trends and implications in desertification prone areas of southern Europe. Pages 115-150 in P. Balabanis, D. Peter, A. Ghazi, and M. Tsogas, editors. Mediterranean desertification: research results and policy implications. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
56. Nikolov, N., and H. Helmisaari. 1992. Silvics of the circumpolar boreal forest tree species. Pages 13-84 in H. H. Shugart, R. Leemans, and G. B. Bonan, editors. A system analysis of the global boreal forest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
57. Pickett, S. T. A., M. L. Cadenasso, and S. Bartha. 2001. Implications from the Buell-Small Succession Study for vegetation restoration. Applied Vegetation Science 4:41-52.
58. Pugnaire, F. I., P. Haase, and J. Puigdefábregas. 1996a. Facilitation between higher plant species in a semiarid environment. Ecology 77:1420-1426.
59. Pugnaire, F. I., P. Haase, J. Puigdefábregas, M. Cueto, S. C. Clark, and L. D. Incoll. 1996b. Facilitation and succession under the canopy of a leguminous shrub, Retama sphaerocarpa, in a semi-arid environment in south-east Spain. Oikos 76:455-464.
60. Pugnaire, F. I., and M. T. Luque. 2001. Changes in plant interaction along a gradient of environmental stress. Oikos 93:42-49.
61. Rey, P. J., and J. M. Alcantara. 2000. Recruitment dynamics of a fleshy-fruited plant (Olea europaea): connecting patterns of seed dispersal to seedling establishment. Journal of Ecology 88:622-633.
62. Rey-Benayas, J. M. 1998. Drought and survival in Quercus ilex L. seedlings after irrigation and artificial shading on Mediterranean set-aside agricultural land. Annales des Sciences Forestières 55:801-807.
63. Rey-Benayas, J. M., A. López-Pintor, C. García, N. de la Cámara, R. Strasser, and A. Gómez-Sal. 2002. Early establishment of planted Retama sphaerocarpa seedlings under different levels of light, water and weed competition. Plant Ecology 159:201-209.
64. Robles, C., G. Bonin, and S. Garzino. 1999. Autotoxic and allelopathic potentials of Cistus albidus L. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Serie III: Sciences de la Vie 322:677-685.
65. Rodó, X., and F. Comín. 2001. Fluctuaciones del clima mediterráneo: conexiones globales y consecuencias regionales. Pages 1-35 in R. Zamora, and F. I. Pugnaire, editors. Ecosistemas mediterráneos: análisis funcional. Colección Textos Universitarios, Madrid, Spain.
66. Rodríguez-Martínez, F., and M. E. Martín-Vivaldi. 1996. Hacia un modelo geográfico del clima de Sierra Nevada: estado de la cuestión y perspectivas de investigación. Pages 27-39 in J. Chacón and J. L. Rosúa, editors. 1 Conferencia Internacional sobre Sierra Nevada: Conservación y Desarrollo Sostenible. Volume 1. University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
67. Savill, P., J. Evans, D. Auclair, and J. Falck. 1997. Plantation silviculture in Europe. Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK.
68. Scott, N. A., K. R. Tate, R. J. Ford, D. J. Giltrap, and C. T. Smith. 1999. Soil carbon storage in plantation forests and pastures: land-use change implications. Tellus Series B Chemical and Physical Meteorology 51:326-335.
69. Stachowicz, J. J. 2001. Mutualism, facilitation, and the structure of ecological communities. BioScience 51:235-246.
70. Tielbörger, K., and R. Kadmon. 2000. Temporal environmental variation tips the balance between facilitation and interference in desert plants. Ecology 81:1544-1553.
71. Valladares, F. 2003. Light heterogeneity and plants: from ecophysiology to species coexistence and biodiversity. Progress in Botany 64:439-471.
72. Vilá, M., and J. Sardans. 1999. Plant competition in Mediterranean-type ecosystem. Journal of Vegetation Science 10:281-294.
73. Vilagrosa, A., J. P. Seva, A. Valdecantos, J. Cortina, J. A. Alloza, I. Serrasolsas, V. Diego, M. Abril, A. Ferran, J. Bellot, and V. R. Vallejo. 1997. Plantaciones para la restauración forestal en la Comunidad Valenciana. Pages 435-546 in V. R. Vallejo, editor. La restauración de la cubierta vegetal en la Comunidad Valenciana. Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterranéo y Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain.
74. Whisenant, S. G. 1999. Repairing damaged wildlands. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
75. Zavala, M. A., J. M. Espelta, and J. Retana. 2000. Constraints and trade-offs in Mediterranean plant communities: the case of Holm oak-Aleppo pine forests. Botanical Review 66:120-149.