메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 78, Issue 7, 1997, Pages 1990-2003

Some implications of direct positive interactions for community species diversity

Author keywords

Compensatory mortality hypothesis; Functional group; Interaction web; Intermediate disturbance hypothesis; Keystone species; Physical stress and disturbance; Positive interactions; Predation; Salt marsh; Species diversity

Indexed keywords

COMMENSALISM; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; DIRECT POSITIVE INTERACTION; MODELLING; MUTUALISM; SALTMARSH; SPECIES DIVERSITY;

EID: 0031284550     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1990:SIODPI]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (345)

References (147)
  • 1
    • 0028836775 scopus 로고
    • Monotonic or unimodel diversity-productivity gradients: What does competition theory predict?
    • Abrams, P. 1995. Monotonic or unimodel diversity-productivity gradients: what does competition theory predict? Ecology 76:2019-2027.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 2019-2027
    • Abrams, P.1
  • 2
    • 0017179312 scopus 로고
    • Plant defense guilds
    • Atsatt, P. R., and D. J. O'Dowd, 1976. Plant defense guilds. Science 193:24-29.
    • (1976) Science , vol.193 , pp. 24-29
    • Atsatt, P.R.1    O'Dowd, D.J.2
  • 3
    • 0000117479 scopus 로고
    • Effects of plant diversity and time of colonization on an herbivore-plant interaction
    • Bach, C. E. 1980. Effects of plant diversity and time of colonization on an herbivore-plant interaction. Oecologia 44:319-326.
    • (1980) Oecologia , vol.44 , pp. 319-326
    • Bach, C.E.1
  • 4
    • 0028163348 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a specialist herbivore (Altica subplicata) on Salix cordata and sand dune succession
    • _. 1994. Effects of a specialist herbivore (Altica subplicata) on Salix cordata and sand dune succession. Ecological Monographs 64:423-445.
    • (1994) Ecological Monographs , vol.64 , pp. 423-445
  • 5
    • 0025955006 scopus 로고
    • Interspecific interactions among high marsh perennials in a New England salt marsh
    • Bertness, M. D. 1991. Interspecific interactions among high marsh perennials in a New England salt marsh. Ecology 72:125-137.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 125-137
    • Bertness, M.D.1
  • 7
    • 0023497204 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of pattern in a New England salt marsh plant community
    • Bertness, M. D., and A. M. Ellison. 1987. Determinants of pattern in a New England salt marsh plant community. Ecological Monographs 57:129-147.
    • (1987) Ecological Monographs , vol.57 , pp. 129-147
    • Bertness, M.D.1    Ellison, A.M.2
  • 8
    • 0028162508 scopus 로고
    • Physical stress and positive associations among marsh plants
    • Bertness, M. D., and S. D. Hacker. 1994. Physical stress and positive associations among marsh plants. American Naturalist 144:363-372.
    • (1994) American Naturalist , vol.144 , pp. 363-372
    • Bertness, M.D.1    Hacker, S.D.2
  • 9
    • 0031284547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of positive interactions in communities: Lessons from intertidal habitats
    • Bertness, M. D., and G. H. Leonard. 1997. The role of positive interactions in communities: lessons from intertidal habitats. Ecology 78:1976-1989.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1976-1989
    • Bertness, M.D.1    Leonard, G.H.2
  • 10
    • 0027142596 scopus 로고
    • Competition and facilitation in marsh plants
    • Bertness, M. D., and S. Shumway. 1993. Competition and facilitation in marsh plants. American Naturalist 142:718- 724.
    • (1993) American Naturalist , vol.142 , pp. 718-724
    • Bertness, M.D.1    Shumway, S.2
  • 11
    • 0027084457 scopus 로고
    • Flood tolerance and the distribution of Iva frutescens across New England salt marshes
    • Bertness, M. D., K. Wikler, and T. Chatkupt. 1992. Flood tolerance and the distribution of Iva frutescens across New England salt marshes. Oecologia 91:171-178.
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.91 , pp. 171-178
    • Bertness, M.D.1    Wikler, K.2    Chatkupt, T.3
  • 12
    • 0023480923 scopus 로고
    • Consumer pressure and seed set in a salt marsh perennial plant community
    • Bertness, M. D., C. Wise, and A. M. Ellison. 1987. Consumer pressure and seed set in a salt marsh perennial plant community. Oecologia 71:190-200.
    • (1987) Oecologia , vol.71 , pp. 190-200
    • Bertness, M.D.1    Wise, C.2    Ellison, A.M.3
  • 13
  • 15
    • 0342873151 scopus 로고
    • Coral-eating sea stars Acanthaster planci in Hawaii
    • Branham, J. M., S. A. Reed, J. H. Bailey, and J. Caperon. 1971. Coral-eating sea stars Acanthaster planci in Hawaii. Science 172:1155-1157.
    • (1971) Science , vol.172 , pp. 1155-1157
    • Branham, J.M.1    Reed, S.A.2    Bailey, J.H.3    Caperon, J.4
  • 16
    • 0344677928 scopus 로고
    • The phylogenetic distribution of obligate mutualism: Evidence of limiting similarity and global instability
    • Briand, F. 1982. The phylogenetic distribution of obligate mutualism: evidence of limiting similarity and global instability. Oikos 39:273-275.
    • (1982) Oikos , vol.39 , pp. 273-275
    • Briand, F.1
  • 17
    • 0028595244 scopus 로고
    • Our current understanding of mutualism
    • Bronstein, J. L. 1994. Our current understanding of mutualism. Quarterly Review of Biology 69:31-51.
    • (1994) Quarterly Review of Biology , vol.69 , pp. 31-51
    • Bronstein, J.L.1
  • 18
    • 0344246467 scopus 로고
    • Mutualism as pattern and process in ecological organization
    • H. Kawanabe, J. E. Cohen, and K. Iwasaki, editors. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
    • Burns, T. P. 1993. Mutualism as pattern and process in ecological organization. Pages 239-251 in H. Kawanabe, J. E. Cohen, and K. Iwasaki, editors. Mutualism and community organization: behavioral, theoretical and food-web approaches. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
    • (1993) Mutualism and Community Organization: Behavioral, Theoretical and Food-web Approaches , pp. 239-251
    • Burns, T.P.1
  • 19
    • 0027099578 scopus 로고
    • Effects of shrubs on recruitment of Quercus douglasii and Q. Iobata in California
    • Callaway, R. M. 1992. Effects of shrubs on recruitment of Quercus douglasii and Q. Iobata in California. Ecology 73: 2118-2128.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 2118-2128
    • Callaway, R.M.1
  • 20
    • 0028179834 scopus 로고
    • Facilitative and interfering effects of Arthrocnemum subterminale on winter annuals
    • _. 1994. Facilitative and interfering effects of Arthrocnemum subterminale on winter annuals. Ecology 75:681- 686.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 681-686
  • 21
    • 0030431937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition and facilitation: Contrasting effects of Artemisia tridentata on desert vs. montane pines
    • Callaway, R. M., E. H. DeLucia, D. Moore, R. Nowak, and W. H. Schlesinger. 1996. Competition and facilitation: contrasting effects of Artemisia tridentata on desert vs. montane pines. Ecology 77:2130-2141.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 2130-2141
    • Callaway, R.M.1    Delucia, E.H.2    Moore, D.3    Nowak, R.4    Schlesinger, W.H.5
  • 22
    • 0000924563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature-driven variation in substrate oxygenation and the balance of competition and facilitation
    • Callaway, R. M., and L. King. 1996. Temperature-driven variation in substrate oxygenation and the balance of competition and facilitation. Ecology 77:1189-1195.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1189-1195
    • Callaway, R.M.1    King, L.2
  • 23
    • 0031284545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition and facilitation: A synthetic approach to interactions in plant communities
    • Callaway, R. M., and L. R. Walker. 1997. Competition and facilitation: a synthetic approach to interactions in plant communities. Ecology 78:1958-1965.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1958-1965
    • Callaway, R.M.1    Walker, L.R.2
  • 24
    • 0026345644 scopus 로고
    • Positive plant interactions in tundra vegetation and the importance of shelter
    • Carlsson, B. A., and T. V. Callaghan. 1991. Positive plant interactions in tundra vegetation and the importance of shelter. Journal of Ecology 79:973-983.
    • (1991) Journal of Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 973-983
    • Carlsson, B.A.1    Callaghan, T.V.2
  • 25
    • 0001229327 scopus 로고
    • Predator mediated coexistence: A non equilibrium model
    • Caswell, H. 1978. Predator mediated coexistence: a non equilibrium model. American Naturalist 112:127-154.
    • (1978) American Naturalist , vol.112 , pp. 127-154
    • Caswell, H.1
  • 26
    • 0027975183 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of primary succession following deglaciation at Glacier Bay, Alaska
    • Chapin, F. S., III, L. R. Walker, C. L. Fastie, and L. C. Sharman. 1994. Mechanisms of primary succession following deglaciation at Glacier Bay, Alaska, Ecological Monographs 64:149-176.
    • (1994) Ecological Monographs , vol.64 , pp. 149-176
    • Chapin III, F.S.1    Walker, L.R.2    Fastie, C.L.3    Sharman, L.C.4
  • 29
    • 0017806329 scopus 로고
    • Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs
    • Connell, J. H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199:1302-1310.
    • (1978) Science , vol.199 , pp. 1302-1310
    • Connell, J.H.1
  • 30
    • 0000047612 scopus 로고
    • The ecological regulation of species diversity
    • Connell, J. H., and E. Orias. 1964. The ecological regulation of species diversity. American Naturalist 68:399-415.
    • (1964) American Naturalist , vol.68 , pp. 399-415
    • Connell, J.H.1    Orias, E.2
  • 33
    • 0001108535 scopus 로고
    • Competition, disturbance and community organization: The provision and subsequent utilization of space in a rocky intertidal community
    • Dayton, P. K. 1971. Competition, disturbance and community organization: the provision and subsequent utilization of space in a rocky intertidal community. Ecological Monographs 41:351-389.
    • (1971) Ecological Monographs , vol.41 , pp. 351-389
    • Dayton, P.K.1
  • 34
    • 0001108536 scopus 로고
    • Experimental evaluation of ecological dominance in a rocky intertidal algal community
    • _. 1975. Experimental evaluation of ecological dominance in a rocky intertidal algal community. Ecological Monographs 45:137-159.
    • (1975) Ecological Monographs , vol.45 , pp. 137-159
  • 35
    • 49649130554 scopus 로고
    • Role of biological disturbance in maintaining diversity in the deep sea
    • Dayton, P. K., and R. R. Hessler. 1972. Role of biological disturbance in maintaining diversity in the deep sea. Deep- sea Research 19:199-208.
    • (1972) Deep- Sea Research , vol.19 , pp. 199-208
    • Dayton, P.K.1    Hessler, R.R.2
  • 37
    • 0023504374 scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium and nonequilibrium concepts in ecological models
    • DeAngelis, D. L., and J. C. Waterhouse. 1987. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium concepts in ecological models. Ecological Monographs 57:1-21.
    • (1987) Ecological Monographs , vol.57 , pp. 1-21
    • Deangelis, D.L.1    Waterhouse, J.C.2
  • 38
    • 0021626957 scopus 로고
    • An "indirect commensalism" between marine herbivores and the importance of competitive hierarchies
    • Dethier, M. N., and D. O. Duggins. 1984. An "indirect commensalism" between marine herbivores and the importance of competitive hierarchies. American Naturalist 124:205- 219.
    • (1984) American Naturalist , vol.124 , pp. 205-219
    • Dethier, M.N.1    Duggins, D.O.2
  • 39
    • 0000591773 scopus 로고
    • Spider (Arancae) community structure in an intertidal salt marsh: Effects of vegetation structure and tidal flooding
    • Dobel, H. G., R. F. Denno, and J. A. Coddington. 1990. Spider (Arancae) community structure in an intertidal salt marsh: effects of vegetation structure and tidal flooding. Environmental Entomology 19:1356-1370.
    • (1990) Environmental Entomology , vol.19 , pp. 1356-1370
    • Dobel, H.G.1    Denno, R.F.2    Coddington, J.A.3
  • 40
    • 0024250604 scopus 로고
    • Community structure and selection for positive or negative species interactions
    • Dodds, W. K. 1988. Community structure and selection for positive or negative species interactions. Oikos 53:387- 390.
    • (1988) Oikos , vol.53 , pp. 387-390
    • Dodds, W.K.1
  • 41
    • 0000225823 scopus 로고
    • Kelp beds and sea otters: An experimental approach
    • Duggins, D. O. 1980. Kelp beds and sea otters: an experimental approach. Ecology 61:447-453.
    • (1980) Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 447-453
    • Duggins, D.O.1
  • 42
    • 0023516605 scopus 로고
    • Effects of competition, disturbance, and herbivory on Salicornia europaea
    • Ellison, A. M. 1987. Effects of competition, disturbance, and herbivory on Salicornia europaea. Ecology 68:576- 586.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 576-586
    • Ellison, A.M.1
  • 43
    • 0004314225 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of case-bearing moths (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridac) in a New Ungland salt marsh
    • _. 1991. Ecology of case-bearing moths (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridac) in a New Ungland salt marsh. Environmental Entomology 20:857-864.
    • (1991) Environmental Entomology , vol.20 , pp. 857-864
  • 44
    • 0025601192 scopus 로고
    • Is predation capable of interacting with other community processes on rocky reefs?
    • Fairweather, P. G. 1990. Is predation capable of interacting with other community processes on rocky reefs? Australian Journal of Ecology 15:453-464.
    • (1990) Australian Journal of Ecology , vol.15 , pp. 453-464
    • Fairweather, P.G.1
  • 45
    • 0024185614 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between seedlings of Agave deserti and the nurse plant Hilaria rigida
    • Franco, A. C., and P. S. Nobel. 1988. Interactions between seedlings of Agave deserti and the nurse plant Hilaria rigida. Ecology 69:1731-1740.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 1731-1740
    • Franco, A.C.1    Nobel, P.S.2
  • 46
    • 0003157901 scopus 로고
    • Food web organization and the conservation of neotropical diversity
    • M. E. Soule and B. A. Wilcox, editors. Sinauer Associates. Sunderland. Massachusetts, USA
    • Gilbert, L. E. 1980. Food web organization and the conservation of neotropical diversity. Pages 11-33 in M. E. Soule and B. A. Wilcox, editors. Conservation biology: an evolutionary-ecological perspective. Sinauer Associates. Sunderland. Massachusetts, USA.
    • (1980) Conservation Biology: An Evolutionary-ecological Perspective , pp. 11-33
    • Gilbert, L.E.1
  • 47
    • 0001808901 scopus 로고
    • Competition and succession on a rocky mountain fellfield
    • Griggs, R. F. 1956. Competition and succession on a rocky mountain fellfield. Ecology 37:8-20.
    • (1956) Ecology , vol.37 , pp. 8-20
    • Griggs, R.F.1
  • 49
    • 0028980852 scopus 로고
    • Morphological and physiological consequences of a positive plant interaction
    • Hacker, S. D., and M. D. Bertness 1995a. Morphological and physiological consequences of a positive plant interaction. Ecology 76:2165-2175.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 2165-2175
    • Hacker, S.D.1    Bertness, M.D.2
  • 50
    • 0028977521 scopus 로고
    • A herbivore paradox, why salt marsh aphid.s live on poor-quality plants
    • Hacker, S. D., and M. D. Bertness 1995b. A herbivore paradox, why salt marsh aphid.s live on poor-quality plants. American Naturalist 145:192-210.
    • (1995) American Naturalist , vol.145 , pp. 192-210
    • Hacker, S.D.1    Bertness, M.D.2
  • 51
    • 0029663373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic conse quences of a positive interaction
    • Hacker, S. D. and M. D. Bertness. 1996. Trophic conse quences of a positive interaction. American Naturalist 148: 550-576
    • (1996) American Naturalist , vol.148 , pp. 550-576
    • Hacker, S.D.1    Bertness, M.D.2
  • 52
    • 0001030091 scopus 로고
    • Community structure, population control, and competition
    • Hairston, N. G., F. E. Smith, and L. B. Slobodkin. 1960, Community structure, population control, and competition. American Naturalist 94:421-425.
    • (1960) American Naturalist , vol.94 , pp. 421-425
    • Hairston, N.G.1    Smith, F.E.2    Slobodkin, L.B.3
  • 53
    • 84959999517 scopus 로고
    • An experimental approach to the production dynamics and structure of freshwater animal communities
    • Hall, D. J., W. E. Cooper, and E. E. Werner. 1970. An experimental approach to the production dynamics and structure of freshwater animal communities. Limnology and Oceanography 15:839-929.
    • (1970) Limnology and Oceanography , vol.15 , pp. 839-929
    • Hall, D.J.1    Cooper, W.E.2    Werner, E.E.3
  • 54
    • 0014624845 scopus 로고
    • The role of predation in vegetational diversity
    • Harper, J. L. 1969. The role of predation in vegetational diversity. Brookhaven Symposium 22:48-62.
    • (1969) Brookhaven Symposium , vol.22 , pp. 48-62
    • Harper, J.L.1
  • 55
    • 0001672144 scopus 로고
    • Community recovery after storm damage: A case of facilitation in primary succession
    • Harris, L. G., A. W. Ebeling, D. R. Laur, and R. J. Rowley. 1984. Community recovery after storm damage: a case of facilitation in primary succession. Science 224:1336-1338.
    • (1984) Science , vol.224 , pp. 1336-1338
    • Harris, L.G.1    Ebeling, A.W.2    Laur, D.R.3    Rowley, R.J.4
  • 56
    • 0000528657 scopus 로고
    • The functional morphology of turf-forming seaweeds: Persistence in stressful marine habitats
    • Hay, M.E. 1981. The functional morphology of turf-forming seaweeds: persistence in stressful marine habitats. Ecology 62:739-750.
    • (1981) Ecology , vol.62 , pp. 739-750
    • Hay, M.E.1
  • 57
    • 0022854811 scopus 로고
    • Associational plant defenses and the maintenance of species diversity: Turning competitors into accomplices
    • _. 1986. Associational plant defenses and the maintenance of species diversity: turning competitors into accomplices. American Naturalist 128:617-641.
    • (1986) American Naturalist , vol.128 , pp. 617-641
  • 58
    • 0021052536 scopus 로고
    • Damselfish as keystone species in reverse: Intermediate disturbance and diversity of reef algae
    • Hixon, M. A., and W. N. Brostoff. 1983. Damselfish as keystone species in reverse: intermediate disturbance and diversity of reef algae. Science 220:511-513.
    • (1983) Science , vol.220 , pp. 511-513
    • Hixon, M.A.1    Brostoff, W.N.2
  • 59
    • 0027101174 scopus 로고
    • Cross-scale morphology, geometry, and dynamics of ecosystems
    • Holling, C. S. 1992. Cross-scale morphology, geometry, and dynamics of ecosystems. Ecological Monographs 62:447- 502.
    • (1992) Ecological Monographs , vol.62 , pp. 447-502
    • Holling, C.S.1
  • 60
    • 84986866735 scopus 로고
    • Oxidation-reduction potentials in salt marshes: Spa tial patterns and interactions with primary production
    • Howes, B. L., R. W. Howarth, J. M. Teal, and I. Valiela. 1981. Oxidation-reduction potentials in salt marshes: spa tial patterns and interactions with primary production. Limnology and Oceanography 26:350-360.
    • (1981) Limnology and Oceanography , vol.26 , pp. 350-360
    • Howes, B.L.1    Howarth, R.W.2    Teal, J.M.3    Valiela, I.4
  • 61
    • 0001806722 scopus 로고
    • Plants helping plants
    • Hunter, A. F., and L. W. Aarssen. 1988. Plants helping plants. BioScience 38:34-40.
    • (1988) BioScience , vol.38 , pp. 34-40
    • Hunter, A.F.1    Aarssen, L.W.2
  • 62
    • 0001942144 scopus 로고
    • A general hypothesis of species diversity
    • Huston, M. A. 1979. A general hypothesis of species diversity. American Naturalist 113:81-101.
    • (1979) American Naturalist , vol.113 , pp. 81-101
    • Huston, M.A.1
  • 64
    • 0001281379 scopus 로고
    • Homage to Santa Rosalia or why are there so many kinds of animals?
    • Hutchinson, G. E. 1959. Homage to Santa Rosalia or why are there so many kinds of animals? American Naturalist 93:145-159.
    • (1959) American Naturalist , vol.93 , pp. 145-159
    • Hutchinson, G.E.1
  • 65
    • 0000344538 scopus 로고
    • Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests
    • Janzen, D. H. 1970. Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. American Naturalist 104:501-528.
    • (1970) American Naturalist , vol.104 , pp. 501-528
    • Janzen, D.H.1
  • 67
    • 0028179028 scopus 로고
    • Organisms as ecosystem engineers
    • Jones, C. G., J. H. Lawton, and M. Shachak. 1994. Organisms as ecosystem engineers. Oikos 69:373-386.
    • (1994) Oikos , vol.69 , pp. 373-386
    • Jones, C.G.1    Lawton, J.H.2    Shachak, M.3
  • 68
    • 0031284544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative effects of organisms as physical ecosystem engineers
    • Jones, C. G., J. H. Lawton, and M. Shachak. 1997. Positive and negative effects of organisms as physical ecosystem engineers. Ecology 78:1946-1957.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1946-1957
    • Jones, C.G.1    Lawton, J.H.2    Shachak, M.3
  • 69
    • 0001287193 scopus 로고
    • Experimental and mathematical analyses of herbivore movement: Quantifying the influence of plant spacing and quality on foraging discrimination
    • Kareiva, P. 1982. Experimental and mathematical analyses of herbivore movement: quantifying the influence of plant spacing and quality on foraging discrimination. Ecological Monographs 52:261-282
    • (1982) Ecological Monographs , vol.52 , pp. 261-282
    • Kareiva, P.1
  • 70
    • 0030063918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity and stabilily on the prairie
    • _. 1996. Diversity and stabilily on the prairie. Nature (London) 379:673-674.
    • (1996) Nature (London) , vol.379 , pp. 673-674
  • 72
    • 0002546766 scopus 로고
    • An agenda for population and community research on global change
    • P. M. Kareiva, J. G. Kingsolver. and R. B. Huey, editors Sinauer Associates, Sunderland. Massachusetts, USA
    • Kingsolver, J. G., R. B. Huey, and P. M. Kareiva. 1993. An agenda for population and community research on global change. Pages 480-486 in P. M. Kareiva, J. G. Kingsolver. and R. B. Huey, editors Biotic interactions and global change, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland. Massachusetts, USA.
    • (1993) Biotic Interactions and Global Change , pp. 480-486
    • Kingsolver, J.G.1    Huey, R.B.2    Kareiva, P.M.3
  • 73
    • 0002852684 scopus 로고
    • Are species useful?
    • Lawton, J. H. 1991. Are species useful? Oikos 62:3-4.
    • (1991) Oikos , vol.62 , pp. 3-4
    • Lawton, J.H.1
  • 74
    • 0028164802 scopus 로고
    • What do species do in ecosystems?
    • _. 1994. What do species do in ecosystems? Oikos 71: 367-374.
    • (1994) Oikos , vol.71 , pp. 367-374
  • 75
    • 0029126867 scopus 로고
    • Ecological experiments with model systems
    • _. 1995. Ecological experiments with model systems. Science 269:328-331.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 328-331
  • 77
    • 0002109897 scopus 로고
    • Plant defense associations in the marine environment
    • Littler, M. M., P. R. Taylor, and D. S. Littler 1986. Plant defense associations in the marine environment. Coral Reefs 5:63-71.
    • (1986) Coral Reefs , vol.5 , pp. 63-71
    • Littler, M.M.1    Taylor, P.R.2    Littler, D.S.3
  • 78
    • 0023528031 scopus 로고
    • Desiccation, predation, and mussel-barnacle interactions in the northern Gulf of California
    • Lively, C. M., and P. T. Raimondi. 1987. Desiccation, predation, and mussel-barnacle interactions in the northern Gulf of California. Oecologia 74:304-309.
    • (1987) Oecologia , vol.74 , pp. 304-309
    • Lively, C.M.1    Raimondi, P.T.2
  • 79
    • 0002388480 scopus 로고
    • Plant species diversity in a marine intertidal community: Importance of herbivore food preference and algal competitive abilities
    • Lubchenco, J. 1978. Plant species diversity in a marine intertidal community: importance of herbivore food preference and algal competitive abilities. American Naturalist 112:23-39.
    • (1978) American Naturalist , vol.112 , pp. 23-39
    • Lubchenco, J.1
  • 80
    • 0002828409 scopus 로고
    • A unified approach to marine plant-herbivore interactions I. populations and communities
    • Lubchenco, J., and S. D. Gaines. 1981, A unified approach to marine plant-herbivore interactions I. populations and communities Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 12:405-437.
    • (1981) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.12 , pp. 405-437
    • Lubchenco, J.1    Gaines, S.D.2
  • 81
    • 0000047613 scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors affecting bird species diversity
    • MacArthur, R. H. 1964. Environmental factors affecting bird species diversity. American Naturalist 68:387-397
    • (1964) American Naturalist , vol.68 , pp. 387-397
    • MacArthur, R.H.1
  • 82
    • 0001476488 scopus 로고
    • On bird species diversity
    • MacArthur, R. H., and J. W. MacArthur. 1961. On bird species diversity. Ecology 42:594-598.
    • (1961) Ecology , vol.42 , pp. 594-598
    • MacArthur, R.H.1    MacArthur, J.W.2
  • 83
    • 0001733557 scopus 로고
    • Competition, habitat selection, and character displacement in a patchy environment
    • MacArthur, R. H., and R. Levins. 1964. Competition, habitat selection, and character displacement in a patchy environment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 51:1207-1210.
    • (1964) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) , vol.51 , pp. 1207-1210
    • MacArthur, R.H.1    Levins, R.2
  • 84
    • 0000273547 scopus 로고
    • The limiting similarity, convergence, and divergence of coexisting species
    • MacArthur, R. H., and R. Levins. 1967. The limiting similarity, convergence, and divergence of coexisting species. American Naturalist 101:377-385.
    • (1967) American Naturalist , vol.101 , pp. 377-385
    • MacArthur, R.H.1    Levins, R.2
  • 86
    • 0001516614 scopus 로고
    • Serengeti ungulates: Feeding selectivity influences the effectiveness of plant defense guilds
    • McNaughton. S. J. 1978. Serengeti ungulates: feeding selectivity influences the effectiveness of plant defense guilds. Science 199:806-807.
    • (1978) Science , vol.199 , pp. 806-807
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 87
    • 0028976893 scopus 로고
    • Indirect effects in intertidal communities
    • Menge, B. A. 1995. Indirect effects in intertidal communities. Ecological Monographs 65:21-74.
    • (1995) Ecological Monographs , vol.65 , pp. 21-74
    • Menge, B.A.1
  • 88
    • 0000391655 scopus 로고
    • Species diversity gradients: Synthesis of the roles of predation, competition, and temporal heterogeneity
    • Menge, B. A., and J. P. Sutherland. 1976. Species diversity gradients: synthesis of the roles of predation, competition, and temporal heterogeneity. American Naturalist 110:351- 369.
    • (1976) American Naturalist , vol.110 , pp. 351-369
    • Menge, B.A.1    Sutherland, J.P.2
  • 89
    • 0028163542 scopus 로고
    • The keystone species concept: Variation in interaction strength in a rocky intertidal habitat
    • Menge, B. A., E. L. Berlow, C. A. Blanchette, S. A. Navarrete, and S. B. Yamada. 1994. The keystone species concept: variation in interaction strength in a rocky intertidal habitat. Ecological Monograph 64:249-286.
    • (1994) Ecological Monograph , vol.64 , pp. 249-286
    • Menge, B.A.1    Berlow, E.L.2    Blanchette, C.A.3    Navarrete, S.A.4    Yamada, S.B.5
  • 90
    • 0023509720 scopus 로고
    • Community regulation: Variation in disturbance, competition, and predation in relation to environmental stress and recruitment
    • Menge, B. A., and J. P. Sutherland. 1987. Community regulation: variation in disturbance, competition, and predation in relation to environmental stress and recruitment. American Naturalist 130:730-757.
    • (1987) American Naturalist , vol.130 , pp. 730-757
    • Menge, B.A.1    Sutherland, J.P.2
  • 92
    • 0028173739 scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect species interactions in an old-field plant community
    • Miller, T. E. 1994. Direct and indirect species interactions in an old-field plant community. American Naturalist 143: 1007-1025.
    • (1994) American Naturalist , vol.143 , pp. 1007-1025
    • Miller, T.E.1
  • 93
    • 0030432809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary role of indirect effects in communities
    • Miller, T. E., and J. Travis. 1996. The evolutionary role of indirect effects in communities. Ecology 77:1329-1335.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1329-1335
    • Miller, T.E.1    Travis, J.2
  • 94
    • 0001544867 scopus 로고
    • The keystone-species concept in ecology and conservation
    • Mills, L. S., M. F. Soule, and D. F. Doak. 1993. The keystone-species concept in ecology and conservation BioScience 43:219-224.
    • (1993) BioScience , vol.43 , pp. 219-224
    • Mills, L.S.1    Soule, M.F.2    Doak, D.F.3
  • 95
    • 0021607359 scopus 로고
    • Man as a predator in the intertidal zone of southern Chile
    • Moreno, C. A., J. P. Sutherland, and J. F. Jara, 1984. Man as a predator in the intertidal zone of southern Chile. Oikos 42:155-160
    • (1984) Oikos , vol.42 , pp. 155-160
    • Moreno, C.A.1    Sutherland, J.P.2    Jara, J.F.3
  • 96
    • 0002280120 scopus 로고
    • The association of desert annuals with shrubs
    • Muller, C. H. 1953. The association of desert annuals with shrubs. American Journal of Botany 40:1-52.
    • (1953) American Journal of Botany , vol.40 , pp. 1-52
    • Muller, C.H.1
  • 98
    • 0030422753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Keystone predation and interaction strength: Interactive effects of predators on their main prey
    • Navarrete, S. A., and B. A. Menge. 1996. Keystone predation and interaction strength: interactive effects of predators on their main prey. Ecological Monographs 66:409-429.
    • (1996) Ecological Monographs , vol.66 , pp. 409-429
    • Navarrete, S.A.1    Menge, B.A.2
  • 99
    • 0002207451 scopus 로고
    • The saguaro: A population in relation to environment
    • Niering, W. A., R. H. Whittaker, and C. H. Lowe. 1963. The saguaro: a population in relation to environment. Science 142:15-23.
    • (1963) Science , vol.142 , pp. 15-23
    • Niering, W.A.1    Whittaker, R.H.2    Lowe, C.H.3
  • 100
    • 0002596015 scopus 로고
    • Food web complexity and species diversity
    • Paine, R. T. 1966. Food web complexity and species diversity. American Naturalist 100:65-75.
    • (1966) American Naturalist , vol.100 , pp. 65-75
    • Paine, R.T.1
  • 101
    • 0000563850 scopus 로고
    • The Pisaster-Tegula interaction: Prey patches, predator food preference, and intertidal community structure
    • _. 1969a. The Pisaster-Tegula interaction: prey patches, predator food preference, and intertidal community structure. Ecology 50:950-961.
    • (1969) Ecology , vol.50 , pp. 950-961
  • 102
    • 0002246196 scopus 로고
    • A note on trophic complexity and community stability
    • _. 1969b. A note on trophic complexity and community stability. American Naturalist 103:91-93
    • (1969) American Naturalist , vol.103 , pp. 91-93
  • 103
    • 0000563851 scopus 로고
    • A short-term experimental investigation of resource partitioning in a New Zealand rocky intertidal habitat
    • _. 1971. A short-term experimental investigation of resource partitioning in a New Zealand rocky intertidal habitat Ecology 52:1096-1106.
    • (1971) Ecology , vol.52 , pp. 1096-1106
  • 104
    • 34250426091 scopus 로고
    • Intertidal community structure: Experimental studies on the relationship between a dominant competitor and its principal predator
    • _. 1974. Intertidal community structure: experimental studies on the relationship between a dominant competitor and its principal predator. Oecologia 15:93-120.
    • (1974) Oecologia , vol.15 , pp. 93-120
  • 105
    • 0000946180 scopus 로고
    • Controlled manipulations in the marine intertidal zone, and their contributions to ecological theory
    • _. 1977. Controlled manipulations in the marine intertidal zone, and their contributions to ecological theory. Academy of Natural Sciences 12:245-270.
    • (1977) Academy of Natural Sciences , vol.12 , pp. 245-270
  • 106
    • 0000149002 scopus 로고
    • Food webs: Linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure
    • _. 1980. Food webs: linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure. Journal of Animal Ecology 49: 667-685
    • (1980) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.49 , pp. 667-685
  • 107
    • 0021554480 scopus 로고
    • Ecological determinism in the competition for space
    • _. 1984. Ecological determinism in the competition for space. Ecology 65:1339-1348.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 1339-1348
  • 108
    • 0344677910 scopus 로고
    • Deja vu, all over again
    • _. 1995. Deja vu, all over again. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10:506-507.
    • (1995) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.10 , pp. 506-507
  • 109
    • 0000418503 scopus 로고
    • Hitertidal landscapes: Disturbance and the dynamics of pattern
    • Paine, R. T., and S. A. Levin. 1981. hitertidal landscapes: disturbance and the dynamics of pattern. Ecological Monographs 51:145-178.
    • (1981) Ecological Monographs , vol.51 , pp. 145-178
    • Paine, R.T.1    Levin, S.A.2
  • 110
    • 84936328783 scopus 로고
    • The effects of grazing by sea urchins. Strongylocentrotus spp., on henthic algal populations
    • Paine, R. T., and R. Vadas. 1969. The effects of grazing by sea urchins. Strongylocentrotus spp., on henthic algal populations. Limnology and Oceanography 14:710-719.
    • (1969) Limnology and Oceanography , vol.14 , pp. 710-719
    • Paine, R.T.1    Vadas, R.2
  • 111
    • 0000415723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect interactions on coral reefs
    • C. Birkeland. editor. Chapman and Hall. New York. New York. USA
    • Pennings, S. C. 1997. Indirect interactions on coral reefs. Pages 249-272 in C. Birkeland. editor. Life and death of coral reefs. Chapman and Hall. New York. New York. USA.
    • (1997) Life and Death of Coral Reefs , pp. 249-272
    • Pennings, S.C.1
  • 113
    • 0024181131 scopus 로고
    • Associational plant refuges: Convergent patterns in marine and terrestrial communities result from differing mechanisms
    • Prister, C. A., and M. E. Hay. 1988. Associational plant refuges: convergent patterns in marine and terrestrial communities result from differing mechanisms. Oecologia 77: 118-129.
    • (1988) Oecologia , vol.77 , pp. 118-129
    • Prister, C.A.1    Hay, M.E.2
  • 114
    • 0003951187 scopus 로고
    • Harper & Row, New York, New York, USA
    • Pianka, E. R. 1974. Evolutionary ecology. Harper & Row, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1974) Evolutionary Ecology
    • Pianka, E.R.1
  • 117
    • 0002615287 scopus 로고
    • Organization of a plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: The fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea)
    • Root, R. B. 1973. Organization of a plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: the fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea). Ecological Monographs 43:95-124.
    • (1973) Ecological Monographs , vol.43 , pp. 95-124
    • Root, R.B.1
  • 118
    • 0000673658 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of marine symbiosis - A simple cost-benefit model
    • Roughgarden, J. 1975. Evolution of marine symbiosis - a simple cost-benefit model. Ecology 56:1202-1208.
    • (1975) Ecology , vol.56 , pp. 1202-1208
    • Roughgarden, J.1
  • 119
    • 0001921846 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of food-limited and space-limited animal competition communities
    • Harper and Row, New York, New York, USA
    • _. 1986. A comparison of food-limited and space-limited animal competition communities. Pages 492-516 in J. Diamond and T. J. Case, editors. Community ecology, Harper and Row, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1986) Community Ecology , pp. 492-516
    • Diamond, J.1    Case, T.J.2
  • 120
    • 0001367628 scopus 로고
    • On the relative importance of direct versus indirect effects in ecological communities
    • H. Kawanabe, J. E. Cohen, and K. Iwasaki, editors. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
    • Schoener, T. W. 1993. On the relative importance of direct versus indirect effects in ecological communities Pages 365-415 in H. Kawanabe, J. E. Cohen, and K. Iwasaki, editors. Mutualism and community organisation: behavioural, theoretical and food-web approaches. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
    • (1993) Mutualism and Community Organisation: Behavioural, Theoretical and Food-web Approaches , pp. 365-415
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 121
    • 0021568943 scopus 로고
    • Microscale pattern of vascular plant distribution in two high arctic plant communities
    • Sohlberg, E. H., and L. C. Bliss. 1984. Microscale pattern of vascular plant distribution in two high arctic plant communities. Canadian Journal of Botany 62:2033-2042.
    • (1984) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.62 , pp. 2033-2042
    • Sohlberg, E.H.1    Bliss, L.C.2
  • 122
    • 0001665048 scopus 로고
    • Disturbance in marine intertidal boulder fields: The nonequilibrium maintenance of species diversity
    • Sousa, W. P. 1979a. Disturbance in marine intertidal boulder fields: the nonequilibrium maintenance of species diversity. Ecology 60:1225-1239.
    • (1979) Ecology , vol.60 , pp. 1225-1239
    • Sousa, W.P.1
  • 123
    • 0000560163 scopus 로고
    • Experimental investigations of disturbance and ecological succession in a rocky intertidal algal community
    • _. 1979b. Experimental investigations of disturbance and ecological succession in a rocky intertidal algal community. Ecological Monographs 49:227-254.
    • (1979) Ecological Monographs , vol.49 , pp. 227-254
  • 124
    • 0028163801 scopus 로고
    • A functional group approach to the structure of algal-dominated communities
    • Steneck, R. S., and M. N. Dethier. 1994. A functional group approach to the structure of algal-dominated communities. Oikos 69:476-498.
    • (1994) Oikos , vol.69 , pp. 476-498
    • Steneck, R.S.1    Dethier, M.N.2
  • 125
    • 0026549291 scopus 로고
    • Are trophic cascades all wet? Differentiation and donor-control in speciose ecosystems
    • Strong, D. R. 1992. Are trophic cascades all wet? Differentiation and donor-control in speciose ecosystems. Ecology 73:747-754.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 747-754
    • Strong, D.R.1
  • 126
    • 0000622818 scopus 로고
    • Study of the vegetation of the English Chalk. III. Chalk grasslands of the Hampshire-Sussex border
    • Tansley, A. G., and R. S. Adamson. 1925. Study of the vegetation of the English Chalk. III. Chalk grasslands of the Hampshire-Sussex border. Journal of Ecology 13:177-223.
    • (1925) Journal of Ecology , vol.13 , pp. 177-223
    • Tansley, A.G.1    Adamson, R.S.2
  • 127
    • 0001440026 scopus 로고
    • Functional morphology of intertidal seaweeds: Adaptive significance of aggregate vs. solitary forms
    • Taylor, P. R., and M. E. Hay. 1984. Functional morphology of intertidal seaweeds: adaptive significance of aggregate vs. solitary forms. Marine Ecology Progress Series 18:295- 302.
    • (1984) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.18 , pp. 295-302
    • Taylor, P.R.1    Hay, M.E.2
  • 128
    • 0000615540 scopus 로고
    • Keystone plant resources in tropical forests
    • M. E. Soule, editor. Sinauer. Sutherland, Massachusettes, USA
    • Terborgh, J. 1986. Keystone plant resources in tropical forests. Pages 330-344 in M. E. Soule, editor. Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity. Sinauer. Sutherland, Massachusettes, USA.
    • (1986) Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity , pp. 330-344
    • Terborgh, J.1
  • 130
    • 0028181948 scopus 로고
    • Diversity and stability in grasslands
    • Tilman, D., and J. A. Downing. 1994. Diversity and stability in grasslands. Nature (London) 367:363-365.
    • (1994) Nature (London) , vol.367 , pp. 363-365
    • Tilman, D.1    Downing, J.A.2
  • 131
    • 0029667536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems
    • Tilman, D., D. Wedin, and J. Knops. 1996. Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems. Nature (London) 379:718-720.
    • (1996) Nature (London) , vol.379 , pp. 718-720
    • Tilman, D.1    Wedin, D.2    Knops, J.3
  • 132
    • 0022840490 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the effect of host patch size on Mexican bean beetle migration
    • Turchin, P. B. 1986. Modeling the effect of host patch size on Mexican bean beetle migration. Ecology 67:124-132.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 124-132
    • Turchin, P.B.1
  • 133
    • 0021082573 scopus 로고
    • Facilitation as a successional mechanism in a rocky intertidal community
    • Turner, T. 1983. Facilitation as a successional mechanism in a rocky intertidal community. American Naturalist 121: 729-738.
    • (1983) American Naturalist , vol.121 , pp. 729-738
    • Turner, T.1
  • 134
    • 0000425602 scopus 로고
    • Paradigms, explanations, and generalizations in models for the structure of intertidal communities on rocky shores
    • D. R. Strong, Jr., D. Simberloff, L. G. Abele, and A. B. Thistle, editors. Princeton University Press, Princeton. New Jersey, USA
    • Underwood, A. J., and E. J. Denley. 1984. Paradigms, explanations, and generalizations in models for the structure of intertidal communities on rocky shores. Pages 151-180 in D. R. Strong, Jr., D. Simberloff, L. G. Abele, and A. B. Thistle, editors. Ecological communities: conceptual issues and the evidence. Princeton University Press, Princeton. New Jersey, USA.
    • (1984) Ecological Communities: Conceptual Issues and the Evidence , pp. 151-180
    • Underwood, A.J.1    Denley, E.J.2
  • 135
    • 0000711116 scopus 로고
    • Indirect mutualism: Variations on a theme by Stephen Levine
    • Vandermeer, J. 1980. Indirect mutualism: variations on a theme by Stephen Levine. American Naturalist 116:441- 448.
    • (1980) American Naturalist , vol.116 , pp. 441-448
    • Vandermeer, J.1
  • 136
    • 0003292553 scopus 로고
    • Indirect facilitation and mutualism
    • D. H. Boucher, editor. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA
    • Vandermeer, J., B. Hazlett, and B. Ratheke. 1985. Indirect facilitation and mutualism. Pages 326-343 in D. H. Boucher, editor. The biology of mutualism Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1985) The Biology of Mutualism , pp. 326-343
    • Vandermeer, J.1    Hazlett, B.2    Ratheke, B.3
  • 137
    • 0006232720 scopus 로고
    • Coral reef studies. I. The symbiosis between damsel fishes and sea anemones in Batavia Bay
    • Verwey, J. 1930. Coral reef studies. I. The symbiosis between damsel fishes and sea anemones in Batavia Bay. Treubia 12:305-366.
    • (1930) Treubia , vol.12 , pp. 305-366
    • Verwey, J.1
  • 138
    • 0020369373 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency
    • Vitousek, P. 1982. Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency. American Naturalist 119:553-572.
    • (1982) American Naturalist , vol.119 , pp. 553-572
    • Vitousek, P.1
  • 139
    • 0002222699 scopus 로고
    • Biological diversity and terrestrial ecosystem biogeochemistry
    • E.-D. Schulze and H. A. Mooney, editors. Springer, Berlin, Germany
    • Vitousek, P. M., and D. U. Hooper, 1993. Biological diversity and terrestrial ecosystem biogeochemistry. Pages 3-14 in E.-D. Schulze and H. A. Mooney, editors. Biodiversity and ecosystem function. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
    • (1993) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function , pp. 3-14
    • Vitousek, P.M.1    Hooper, D.U.2
  • 140
    • 0027089264 scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and ecological redundancy
    • Walker, B. H. 1992. Biodiversity and ecological redundancy. Conservation Biology 6:18-23.
    • (1992) Conservation Biology , vol.6 , pp. 18-23
    • Walker, B.H.1
  • 141
  • 142
    • 0000167192 scopus 로고
    • Refuges, biological disturbance, and rocky subtidal community structure in New England
    • Witman, J. D. 1985. Refuges, biological disturbance, and rocky subtidal community structure in New England. Ecological Monographs 55:421-445.
    • (1985) Ecological Monographs , vol.55 , pp. 421-445
    • Witman, J.D.1
  • 143
    • 0023480318 scopus 로고
    • Subtidal coexistence: Storms, grazing, mutualism, and the zonation of kelps and mussels
    • _. 1987. Subtidal coexistence: storms, grazing, mutualism, and the zonation of kelps and mussels. Ecological Monographs 57:167-187.
    • (1987) Ecological Monographs , vol.57 , pp. 167-187
  • 144
    • 0023497127 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of early primary succession in subalpine habitats on Mount St. Helens
    • Wood, D. M., and R. del Moral. 1987. Mechanisms of early primary succession in subalpine habitats on Mount St. Helens. Ecology 68:780-790.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 780-790
    • Wood, D.M.1    Del Moral, R.2
  • 145
    • 0026565109 scopus 로고
    • Indirect effects, prey susceptibility and habitat selection: Impacts of birds on limpets and algae
    • Wootton, J. T. 1992. Indirect effects, prey susceptibility and habitat selection: impacts of birds on limpets and algae. Ecology 73:981-991.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 981-991
    • Wootton, J.T.1
  • 146
    • 0028176218 scopus 로고
    • Predicting direct and indirect effects: An integrated approach using experiments and path analysis
    • _. 1994. Predicting direct and indirect effects: an integrated approach using experiments and path analysis. Ecology 75:151-165.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 151-165
  • 147
    • 0000890079 scopus 로고
    • Rabbit grazing and diversity in a dune area
    • Zeevalking, H. J., and L. F. M. Fresco. 1977. Rabbit grazing and diversity in a dune area. Vegetatio 35:193-196.
    • (1977) Vegetatio , vol.35 , pp. 193-196
    • Zeevalking, H.J.1    Fresco, L.F.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.