Restoration of lymphoid organ integrity through the interaction of lymphoid tissue-inducer cells with stroma of the T cell zone

Nature Immunology

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 667-675

  Scandella, Elke ^a   Bolinger, Beatrice ^a   Lattmann, Evelyn ^a   Miller, Simone ^a   Favre, Stéphanie ^b   Littman, Dan R ^c   Finke, Daniela ^d   Luther, Sanjiv A ^b   Junt, Tobias ^e,f   Ludewig, Burkhard ^a  

^a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kanton Hospital St Gallen   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

^c NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

^e HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^f Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LYMPHOTOXIN ALPHA BETA;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CELL INTERACTION; CELL REGENERATION; CHRONIC DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; LYMPHOID ORGAN; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STROMA CELL; T LYMPHOCYTE; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS VIRULENCE;

ANIMALS; ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; LYMPHATIC SYSTEM; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; LYMPHOID TISSUE; ORGAN SPECIFICITY; RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL; STROMAL CELLS; T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC; T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER;

EID: 44049100259     PISSN: 15292908     EISSN: 15292916     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ni.1605     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Junt, T. et al. Antiviral immune responses in the absence of organized lymphoid T cell zones in plt/plt mice. J. Immunol. 168, 6032-6040 (2002).
2. Junt, T. et al. Impact of CCR7 on priming and distribution of antiviral effector and memory CTL. J. Immunol. 173, 6684-6693 (2004).
3. Junt, T. et al. CXCR5-dependent seeding of follicular niches by B and Th cells augments antivirai B cell responses. J. Immunol. 175, 7109-7116 (2005).
4. Junt, T. et al. Expression of lymphotoxin beta governs immunity at two distinct levels. Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 2061-2075 (2006).
5. Scandella, E. et al. Dendritic cell-independent B cell activation during acute virus infection: A role for early CCR7-driven B-T helper cell collaboration. J. Immunol. 178, 1468-1476 (2007).
6. Gunn, M.D. et al. Mice lacking expression of secondary lymphoid organ chemokine have defects in lymphocyte homing and dendritic cell localization. J. Exp. Med. 189, 451-460 (1999).
7. Mebius, R.E. & Kraal, G. Structure and function of the spleen. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 5, 606-616 (2005).
8. Ansel, K.M. et al. A chemokine-driven positive feedback loop organizes lymphoid follicles. Nature 406, 309-314 (2000).
9. Ohl, L. et al. Cooperating mechanisms of CXCR5 and CCR7 in development and organization of secondary lymphoid organs. J. Exp. Med. 197, 1199-1204 (2003).
10. Forster, R. et al. CCR7 coordinates the primary immune response by establishing functional microenvironments in secondary lymphoid organs. Cell 199, 23-33 (1999).
11. Ato, M., Nakano, H., Kakiuchi, T. & Kaye, PM. Localization of marginal zone macrophages is regulated by C-C chemokine ligands 21/19. J. Immunol. 173, 4815-4820 (2004).
12. Cyster, J.G. et al. Follicular stromal cells and lymphocyte homing to follicles. Immunol. Rev. 176, 181-193 (2000).
13. Katakai, T et al. A novel reticular stromal structure in lymph node cortex: An immuno-platform for interactions among dendritic cells, T cells and B cells. Int. Immunol. 16, 1133-1142 (2004).
14. Bajenoff, M. et al. Stromal cell networks regulate lymphocyte entry, migration, and territoriality in lymph nodes. Immunity 25, 989-1001 (2006).
15. Gretz, J.E., Norbury, C.C., Anderson, A.D., Proudfoot, A.E. & Shaw, S. Lymph-borne chemokines and other low molecular weight molecules reach high endothelial venules via specialized conduits while a functional barrier limits access to the lymphocyte microenvironments in lymph node cortex. J. Exp. Med. 192, 1425-1440 (2000).
16. Sixt, M. et al. The conduit system transports soluble antigens from the afferent lymph to resident dendritic cells in the T cell area of the lymph node. Immunity 22, 19-29 (2005).
17. Nolte, M.A. et al. A conduit system distributes chemokines and small blood-borne molecules through the splenic white pulp. J. Exp. Med. 198, 505-512 (2003).
18. Link, A. et al. Fibroblastic reticular cells in lymph nodes regulate the homeostasis of naive T cells. Nat. Immunol. 8, 1255-1265 (2007).
19. Lee, J.W. et al. Peripheral antigen display by lymph node stroma promotes T cell tolerance to intestinal self. Nat. Immunol. 8 181-190 (2007).
20. Svensson, M., Maroof, A., Ato, M. & Kaye, P.M. Stromal cells direct local differentiation of regulatory dendritic cells. Immunity 2l, 805-816 (2004).
21. Cupedo, T. & Mebius, R.E. Cellular interactions in lymph node development. J. Immunol.. 174, 21-25 (2005).
22. Finke, D. Fate and function of lymphoid tissue inducer cells. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 17, 144-150 (2005).
23. Gommerman, J.L. & Browning, J.L. Lymphatoxin/light, lymphoid microenvironments and autoimmune disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3 642-655 (2003).
24. + cells. Science 305, 248-251 (2004).
25. - cells in relation to B- and T-zone stroma in spleen. Blood 109, 1602-1610 (2007).
26. Eberl, G. et al. An essential function for the nuclear receptor RORγt in the generation of fetal lymphoid tissue inducer cells. Nat. Immunol. 5, 64-73 (2004).
27. - accessory cells costimulate primed CD4 T cells through OX40 and CD30 at sites where T cells collaborate with B cells. Immunity 18, 643-654 (2003).
28. - inducer cells: Evidence that IL-7 signals regulate CD30 ligand but not OX40 ligand expression. J. Immunol. 174, 6686-6691 (2005).
29. Cohen, D.E. & Walker, B.D. Human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis and prospects for immune control in patients with established infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 32, 1756-1768 (2001).
30. Yanagi, Y., Takeda, M. & Ohno, S. Measles virus: Cellular receptors, tropism and pathogenesis. J. Gen. Virol. 87, 2767-2779 (2006).
31. Alos, L. et al. Immunoarchitecture of lymphoid tissue in HIV-infection during antiretroviral therapy correlates with viral persistence. Mod. Pathol. 18, 127-136 (2005).
32. Estes, J.D. et al. Simian immunodeficiency virus-induced lymphatic tissue fibrosis is mediated by transforming growth factor β1-positive regulatory T cells and begins in early infection. J. Infect Dis. 195, 551-561 (2007).
33. Ato, M., Stager, S., Engwerda, C.R. & Kaye, P.M. Defective CCR7 expression on dendritic cells contributes to the development of visceral leishmaniasis. Nat. Immunol. 3, 1185-1191 (2002).
34. Kagi, D. et al. Fas and perform pathways as major mechanisms of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Science 265, 528-530 (1994).
35. + T cells in vivo. Eur. J. Immunol. 30, 1356-1363 (2000).
36. Odermatt, B., Eppler, M., Leist, T.P., Hengartner, H. & Zinkernagel, R.M. Virus-triggered acquired immunodeficiency by cytotoxic T-cell dependent destruction of antigen-presenting cells and lymph follicle structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 8252-8256 (1991).
37. Probst, H.C. & van den, B.M. Priming of CTLs by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus depends on dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 174, 3920-3924 (2005).
38. Hangartner, L. et al. Antiviral immune responses in gene-targeted mice expressing the immunoglobulin heavy chain of virus-neutralizing antibodies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 12883-12888 (2003).
39. +-T-lymphocyte responses. J. Virol. 78 2247-2254 (2004).
40. Sevilla, N. et al. Immunosuppression and resultant viral persistence by specific viral targeting of dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 192, 1249-1260 (2000).
41. Wherry, E.J. & Ahmed, R. Memory CD8 T-cell differentiation during viral infection. J. Virol. 78, 5535-5545 (2004).
42. Mueller, S.N. et al. Viral targeting of fibroblastic reticular cells contributes to immunosuppression and persistence during chronic infection. Proc. Natl. Aced. Sci. USA 104, 15430-15435 (2007).
43. Luther, S.A., Tang, H.L., Hyman, P.L., Farr, A.G. & Cyster, J.G. Coexpression of the chemokines ELC and SLC by T zone stromal cells and deletion of the ELC gene in the plt/plt mouse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 12694-12699 (2000).
44. Mueller, S.N. et al. Regulation of homeostatic chemokine expression and cell trafficking during immune responses. Science 317, 670-674 (2007).
45. Wu, Q. et al. The requirement of membrane lymphotoxin for the presence of dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues. J. Exp. Med. 190, 629-638 (1999).
46. Katakai, T., Hara, T., Sugai, M., Gonda, H. & Shimizu, A. Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells construct the stromal reticulum via contact with lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 200, 783-795 (2004).
47. Withers, D.R. et al. The role of lymphoid tissue inducer cells in splenic white pulp development. Eur. J. Immunol. 37, 3240-3245 (2007).
48. - cells share similar gene expression profile, and neonatal cells up-regulate OX40 ligand in response to TL1A (TNFSF15). J. Immunol. 177, 3074-3081 (2006).
49. Benedict, C.A. et al. Specific remodeling of splenic architecture by cytomegalovirus. PLoS Pathog. 2, e16 (2006).
50. Meier, D. et al. Ectopic lymphoid-organ development occurs through interleukin 7-mediated enhanced survival of lymphoid-tissue-inducer cells. Immunity 26, 643-654 (2007).
51. Luther, S.A., Ansel, K.M. & Cyster, J.G. Overlapping roles of CXCL13, interleukin 7 receptor α, and CCR7 ligands in lymph node development. J. Exp. Med. 197, 1191-1198 (2003).
52. Sorg, R.V., McLellan, A.D., Hock, B.D., Fearnley, D.B. & Hart, D.N. Human dendritic cells express functional interleukin-7. Immunobiology 198, 514-526 (1998).
53. + cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 15, 365-373 (1999).
54. Eberl, G. & Littman, D.R. The role of the nuclear hormone receptor RORγt in the development of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Immunol. Rev. 195, 81-90 (2003).
55. Ludewig, B. et al. Dendritic cells efficiently induce protective antiviral immunity. J. Virol. 72, 3812-3818 (1998).
56. Bailey, M.J., McLeod, D.A., Kang, C.Y. & Bishop, D.H. Glycosylation is not required for the fusion activity of the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus in insect cells. Virology 169, 323-331 (1989).
57. Ludewig, B. et al. Induction of optimal anti-viral neutralizing B cell responses by dendritic cells requires transport and release of virus particles in secondary lymphoid organs. Eur. J. Immunol. 30, 185-196 (2000).