New therapeutic directions for advanced pancreatic cancer: Targeting the epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor pathways

Oncologist

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 289-298

  Burris III, Howard ^a   Rocha Lima, Caio ^b  

^a SARAH CANNON RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Bevacizumab; Cetuximab; Chemotherapy; Erlotinib; Pancreatic cancer; Sorafenib

Indexed keywords

3 AMINOPICOLINALDEHYDE THIOSEMICARBAZONE; BEVACIZUMAB; CAPECITABINE; CARBOPLATIN; CETUXIMAB; CISPLATIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR; ERLOTINIB; EVEROLIMUS; FLUOROURACIL; GEFITINIB; GEMCITABINE; GENISTEIN; IMATINIB; IRINOTECAN; ISIS 2503; IXABEPILONE; KU 0059436; LAPATINIB; MARIMASTAT; N (2 AMINOPHENYL) 4 [4 (3 PYRIDINYL) 2 PYRIMIDINYLAMINOMETHYL]BENZAMIDE; N (5 CHLORO 1,3 BENZODIOXOL 4 YL) 7 [2 (4 METHYL 1 PIPERAZINYL)ETHOXY] 5 (TETRAHYDRO 2H PYRAN 4 YLOXY) 4 QUINAZOLINAMINE; OXALIPLATIN; PACLITAXEL; PEMETREXED; SORAFENIB; SUNITINIB; TIPIFARNIB; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALATINIB; VASCULOTROPIN; WX 671;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ADVANCED CANCER; ASTHENIA; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER GROWTH; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIARRHEA; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG TOLERANCE; HAND FOOT SYNDROME; HAZARD RATIO; HUMAN; NEUTROPENIA; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PANCREAS CANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RASH; REVIEW; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; STOMATITIS; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; THROMBOSIS; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; ANTIMETABOLITES, ANTINEOPLASTIC; BENZENESULFONATES; DEOXYCYTIDINE; HUMANS; PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS; PYRIDINES; QUINAZOLINES; RECEPTOR, EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR; RECEPTORS, VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 43549094700     PISSN: 10837159     EISSN: 1549490X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2007-0134     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J et al. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55:74-108.
2. Cancer Facts & Figures 2006. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society Inc. Available at http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/CAFF2006PWSecured.pdf. Accessed June 21, 2007.
3. Jemal A, Murray T, Ward E et al. Cancer statistics, 2005. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55:10-30.
4. Li D, Xie K, Wolff R et al. Pancreatic cancer. Lancet 2004;363:1049-1057.
5. Chauffert B, Mornex F, Bonnetain F et al. Phase III trial comparing initial chemoradiotherapy (intermittent cisplatin and infusional 5-FU) followed by gemcitabine vs. gemcitabine alone in patients with locally advanced non metastatic pancreatic cancer: A FFCD-SFRO study. J Clin Oncol 2006;23:180s.
6. Kobayashi S, Boggon TJ, Dayaram T et al. EGFR mutation and resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med 2005;352:786-792.
7. Nitecki SS, Sarr MG, Colby TV et al. Long-term survival after resection for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Is it really improving? Ann Surg 1995;221:59-66.
8. Burris HA 3rd, Moore MJ, Andersen J et al. Improvements in survival and clinical benefit with gemcitabine as first-line therapy for patients with advanced pancreas cancer: A randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:2403-2413.
9. Talar-Wojnarowska R, Malecka-Panas E. Molecular pathogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Potential clinical implications. Med Sci Monit 2006;12:RA186-RA193.
10. Giovannetti E, Mey V, Nannizzi S et al. Pharmacogenetics of anticancer drug sensitivity in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5:1387-1395.
11. Berlin JD, Catalano P, Thomas JP et al. Phase III study of gemcitabine in combination with fluorouracil versus gemcitabine alone in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial E2297. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3270-3275.
12. Rocha Lima CM, Green MR, Rotche R et al. Irinotecan plus gemcitabine results in no survival advantage compared with gemcitabine monotherapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer despite increased tumor response rate. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:3776-3783.
13. Heinemann V, Quietzsch D, Gieseler F et al. Randomized phase III trial of gemcitabine plus cisplatin compared with gemcitabine alone in advanced pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3946-3952.
14. Louvet C, Labianca R, Hammel P et al. Gemcitabine in combination with oxaliplatin compared with gemcitabine alone in locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer: Results of a GERCOR and GISCAD phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:3509-3516.
15. Oettle H, Richards D, Ramanathan RK et al. A phase III trial of pemetrexed plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine in patients with unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2005;16:1639-1645.
16. Abou-Alfa GK, Letourneau R, Harker G et al. Randomized phase III study of exatecan and gemcitabine compared with gemcitabine alone in untreated advanced pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:4441-4447.
17. Cunningham D, Chau I, Stocken D et al. Phase III randomised comparison of gemcitabine (GEM) versus gemcitabine plus capecitabine (GEM-CAP) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Eur J Cancer Suppl 2005;3:4.
18. Oettle H, Riess H. Gemcitabine in combination with 5-fluorouracil with or without folinic acid in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Cancer 2002;95:912-922.
19. Gandhi V, Mineishi S, Huang P et al. Difluorodeoxyguanosine: Cytotoxicity, metabolism, and actions on DNA synthesis in human leukemia cells. Semin Oncol 1995;22(suppl 11):61-67.
20. Hochster HS. Newer approaches to gemcitabine-based therapy of pancreatic cancer: Fixed-dose-rate infusion and novel agents. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;56(4 suppl):24-30.
21. Tempero M, Plunkett W, Ruiz Van Haperen V et al. Randomized phase II comparison of dose-intense gemcitabine: Thirty-minute infusion and fixed dose rate infusion in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:3402-3408.
22. Ko AH, Dito E, Schillinger B et al. Phase II study of fixed dose rate gemcitabine with cisplatin for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:379-385.
23. Poplin E, Levy DE, Berlin J et al. Phase III trial of gemcitabine (30-minute infusion) versus gemcitabine (fixed-dose-rate infusion[FDR]) versus gemcitabine + oxaliplatin (GEMOX) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (E6201). J Clin Oncol 2006;24(suppl 18):LBA4004.
24. Bramhall SR, Rosemurgy A, Brown PD et al. Marimastat as first-line therapy for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer: A randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:3447-3455.
25. Bramhall SR, Schulz J, Nemunaitis J et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled, randomised study comparing gemcitabine and marimastat with gemcitabine and placebo as first line therapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2002;87:161-167.
26. Moore MJ, Hamm J, Dancey J et al. Comparison of gemcitabine versus the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BAY 12-9566 in patients with advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: A phase III trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:3296-3302.
27. Chau I, Rigg A, Cunningham D. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors - an emphasis on gastrointestinal malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2003;45:151-176.
28. Van Cutsem E, van de Velde H, Karasek P et al. Phase III trial of gemcitabine plus tipifarnib compared with gemcitabine plus placebo in advanced pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1430-1438.
29. Moore MJ, Goldstein D, Hamm J et al. Erlotinib plus gemcitabine compared with gemcitabine alone in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: A phase III trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1960-1966.
30. Philip PA, Benedetti J, Fenoglio-Preiser C et al. Phase III study of gemcitabine (G) plus cetuximab (C) versus gemcitabine in patients (pts) with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC): SWOG S0205 study. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:199s.
31. Kindler HL, Niedzwiecki D, Hollis D et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase III trial of gemcitabine (G) plus bevacizumab (B) versus gemcitabine plus placebo (P) in patients (pts) with advanced pancreatic cancer (PC): A preliminary analysis of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB). J Clin Oncol 2007;25:199s.
32. He A, Marshall J. Clinical experiences with G17DT in gastrointestinal malignancies. Future Drugs 2006;6:487-492.
33. Prenzel N, Fischer O, Streit S et al. The epidermal growth factor receptor family as a central element for cellular signal transduction and diversification. Endocr Relat Cancer 2001;8:11-31.
34. Salomon DS, Brandt R, Ciardiello F et al. Epidermal growth factor-related peptides and their receptors in human malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1995;19:183-232.
35. Tobita K, Kijima H, Dowaki S et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in human pancreatic cancer: Significance for liver metastasis. Int J Mol Med 2003;11:305-309.
36. Fjallskog ML, Lejonklou MH, Oberg KE et al. Expression of molecular targets for tyrosine kinase receptor antagonists in malignant endocrine pancreatic tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:1469-1473.
37. Srivastava A, Alexander J, Lomakin I et al. Immunohistochemical expression of transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor in pancreatic endocrine tumors. Hum Pathol 2001;32:1184-1189.
38. Birk D, Gansauge F, Gansauge S et al. Serum and correspondent tissue measurements of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R). Clinical relevance in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. Int J Pancreatol 1999;25:89-96.
39. Nicholson RI, Gee JM, Harper ME. EGFR and cancer prognosis. Eur J Cancer 2001;37(suppl 4):S9-S15.
40. Xiong HQ, Abbruzzese JL. Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer. Semin Oncol 2002;29(suppl 14):31-37.
41. Ng SS, Tsao MS, Nicklee T et al. Effects of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor OSI-774, Tarceva, on downstream signaling pathways and apoptosis in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2002;1:777-783.
42. Tarceva® (erlotinib) [prescribing information]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech Inc., May 2007.
43. Tsao M, Sakurada A, Cutz JC et al. Erlotinib in lung cancer - molecular and clinical predictors of outcome. N Engl J Med 2005;353:133-144.
44. Gatzemeier U, Heller A, Foernzler D et al. Exploratory analyses EGFR, kRAS mutations and other molecular markers in tumors of NSCLC patients (pts) treated with chemotherapy +/- erlotinib (TALENT). J Clin Oncol 2005;23:627s.
45. Miller VA, Herbst R, Prager D et al. Long survival of never smoking nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts) treated with erlotinib HCl (OSI-774) and chemotherapy: Sub-group analysis of TRIBUTE. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:628.
46. Bailey R, Kris M, Wolf M et al. Gefitinib (Iressa, ZD1839) monotherapy for pretreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in IDEAL1 and 2: Tumor response is not clinically relevantly predictable from tumor EGFR membrane staining alone. Lung Cancer 2003;41:S71.
47. Cappuzzo F, Ligorio C, Jänne PA et al. Prospective study of gefitinib in epidermal growth factor receptor fluorescence in situ hybridization-positive/phospho-Akt-positive or never smoker patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: The ONCOBELL trial. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:2248-2255.
48. Cappuzzo F, Magrini E, Ceresoli GL et al. Akt phosphorylation and gefitinib efficacy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:1133-1141.
49. Gandara DR, West H, Chansky K et al. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: A model for investigating the biology of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10:4205s-4209s.
50. Guix M, Kelley MS, Reyzer ML et al. Short course of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib (OSI-774, 'Tarceva') reduces tumor cell proliferation and active MAP kinase in situ in untreated operable breast cancers: A strategy for patient selection into phase II trials with signaling inhibitors. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:194s.
51. Crews KR. Individualizing chemotherapeutic treatment of colorectal cancer. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2006;63(suppl 2):S12-S17.
52. Perez-Soler R. Rash as a surrogate marker for efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2006;8(suppl 1):S7-S14.
53. West HL, Franklin WA, McCoy J et al. Gefitinib therapy in advanced bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: Southwest Oncology Group Study S0126. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:1807-1813.
54. Saltz L, Rubin MS, Hochster H et al. Acne-like rash predicts response in patients treated with cetuximab (IMC-225) plus irinotecan (CPT-11) in CPT-11 refractory colorectal cancer (CRC) that expresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Clin Cancer Res 2001;7:3766s.
55. Lynch TJ Jr, Kim ES, Eaby B et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-associated cutaneous toxicities: An evolving paradigm in clinical management. The Oncologist 2007;12:610-621.
56. Iannitti D, Dipetrillo T, Akerman P et al. Erlotinib and chemoradiation followed by maintenance erlotinib for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: A phase I study. Am J Clin Oncol 2005;28:570-575.
57. Kortmansky JS, O'Reilly EM, Minsky BD et al. A phase I trial of erlotinib, gemcitabine and radiation for patients with locally-advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2005;23:133.
58. Epelbaum R, Schnaider J, Gluzman A et al. Erlotinib as a single-agent therapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Presented at the ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancer Symposium, Orlando, FL, January 19-21, 2007.
59. Blaszkowsky L, Kulke M, Ryan D et al. A phase II study of erlotinib (Tarceva) in combination with capecitabine in previously treated patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:332s.
60. Hudziak RM, Lewis GD, Winget M et al. p185HER2 monoclonal antibody has antiproliferative effects in vitro and sensitizes human breast tumor cells to tumor necrosis factor. Mol Cell Biol 1989;9:1165-1172.
61. Kawamoto T, Sato JD, Le A et al. Growth stimulation of A431 cells by epidermal growth factor: Identification of high-affinity receptors for epidermal growth factor by an anti-receptor monoclonal antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1983;80:1337-1341.
62. Bruns CJ, Harbison MT, Davis DW et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor blockade with C225 plus gemcitabine results in regression of human pancreatic carcinoma growing orthotopically in nude mice by antiangiogenic mechanisms. Clin Cancer Res 2000;6:1936-1948.
63. Xiong HQ, Rosenberg A, LoBuglio A et al. Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor, in combination with gemcitabine for advanced pancreatic cancer: A multicenter phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2610-2616.
64. ClinicalTrials.gov. Bethesda, MD: National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Available at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results? term=pancreatic+cancer. Accessed June 21, 2007.
65. Burtness BA, Powell M, Berlin J et al. Phase II trial of irinotecan/docetaxel for advanced pancreatic cancer with randomization between irinotecan/docetaxel and irinotecan/docetaxel plus C225, a monoclonal antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-r): Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:202s.
66. Seo Y, Baba H, Fukuda T et al. High expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is associated with liver metastasis and a poor prognosis for patients with ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2000;88:2239-2245.
67. Avastin® (bevacizumab) [prescribing information]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech Inc., October 2006.
68. Kindler HL, Friberg G, Singh DA et al. Phase II trial of bevacizumab plus gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:8033-8040.
69. Nexavar® (sorafenib) [prescribing information]. West Haven, CT: Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corp., February 2007.
70. Wallace JA, Locker G, Nattam S et al. Sorafenib (S) plus gemcitabine (G) for advanced pancreatic cancer (PC): A phase II trial of the University of Chicago Phase II Consortium. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:224s.
71. Spano J, Chodkiewicz C, Maurel J et al. A randomized phase II study of axitinib (AG-013736) and gemcitabine versus gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer, preceded by a phase I component. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:210s.