메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 117, Issue 19, 2008, Pages 2523-2533

Glucose-insulin-potassium for acute myocardial infarction: Continuing controversy over cardioprotection

Author keywords

Diabetes mellitus; Glucose; Heart failure; Myocardial infarction; Pharmacology

Indexed keywords

CARDIOVASCULAR AGENT; FATTY ACID; GLUCOSE PLUS INSULIN; GLUCOSE PLUS INSULIN PLUS POTASSIUM; INSULIN;

EID: 43449089513     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.697979     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (58)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 33749485077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of time to therapy and reperfusion modality on the efficacy of adenosine in acute myocardial infarction: The AMISTAD-2 Trial
    • Kloner RA, Forman MB, Gibbons RJ, Ross AM, Alexander RW, Stone GW. Impact of time to therapy and reperfusion modality on the efficacy of adenosine in acute myocardial infarction: the AMISTAD-2 Trial. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2400-2405.
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 2400-2405
    • Kloner, R.A.1    Forman, M.B.2    Gibbons, R.J.3    Ross, A.M.4    Alexander, R.W.5    Stone, G.W.6
  • 2
    • 43449101749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gruberg L. COOL-MI: cooling as an adjunctive therapy to percutaneous intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In: Medscape Today. Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/461777. Accessed April 26, 2007.
    • Gruberg L. COOL-MI: cooling as an adjunctive therapy to percutaneous intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In: Medscape Today. Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/461777. Accessed April 26, 2007.
  • 3
    • 3242724263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac protection during acute myocardial infarction: Where do we stand in 2004?
    • Kloner RA, Rezkalla SH. Cardiac protection during acute myocardial infarction: where do we stand in 2004? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:276-286.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.44 , pp. 276-286
    • Kloner, R.A.1    Rezkalla, S.H.2
  • 4
    • 12544259347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CREATE-ECLA Trial Group Investigators. Effect of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on mortality in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: The CREATE-ECLA randomized controlled trial
    • Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Diaz R, Zhu J, Pais P, Xavier D, Paolasso E, Ahmed R, Xie C, Kazmi K, Tai J, Orlandini A, Pogue J, Liu L; CREATE-ECLA Trial Group Investigators. Effect of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on mortality in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the CREATE-ECLA randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005;293:437-446.
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.293 , pp. 437-446
    • Mehta, S.R.1    Yusuf, S.2    Diaz, R.3    Zhu, J.4    Pais, P.5    Xavier, D.6    Paolasso, E.7    Ahmed, R.8    Xie, C.9    Kazmi, K.10    Tai, J.11    Orlandini, A.12    Pogue, J.13    Liu, L.14
  • 5
    • 34248228719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications and treatment of acute hyperglycemia in the setting of acute myocardial infarction
    • Zarich SW, Nesto RW. Implications and treatment of acute hyperglycemia in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2007;115:e436-e439.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115
    • Zarich, S.W.1    Nesto, R.W.2
  • 6
    • 0014287023 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of treatment of acute myocardial infarction with potassium, glucose, and insulin
    • Surawicz B. Evaluation of treatment of acute myocardial infarction with potassium, glucose, and insulin. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1968;10:545-560.
    • (1968) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.10 , pp. 545-560
    • Surawicz, B.1
  • 7
  • 8
    • 0037145914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICONS Investigators. Is blood glucose an independent predictor of mortality in acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era?
    • Wahab NN, Cowden EA, Pearce NJ, Gardner MJ, Merry H, Cox JL; ICONS Investigators. Is blood glucose an independent predictor of mortality in acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:1748-1754.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.40 , pp. 1748-1754
    • Wahab, N.N.1    Cowden, E.A.2    Pearce, N.J.3    Gardner, M.J.4    Merry, H.5    Cox, J.L.6
  • 9
    • 50549176442 scopus 로고
    • Effects of an intravenous infusion of a potassium-insulin-glucose solution on the electrocardiographic signs of myocardial infarction
    • Sodi-Pallares D, Testelli M, Fishelder F. Effects of an intravenous infusion of a potassium-insulin-glucose solution on the electrocardiographic signs of myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1962;9:166-181.
    • (1962) Am J Cardiol , vol.9 , pp. 166-181
    • Sodi-Pallares, D.1    Testelli, M.2    Fishelder, F.3
  • 10
    • 0001398438 scopus 로고
    • The glucose hypothesis: Relation to acute myocardial ischaemia
    • Opie LH. The glucose hypothesis: relation to acute myocardial ischaemia. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1970;1:107-114.
    • (1970) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.1 , pp. 107-114
    • Opie, L.H.1
  • 11
    • 0031045198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free fatty acid metabolism during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion
    • Hendrickson SC, St Louis JD, Abdel-aleem S. Free fatty acid metabolism during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Mol Cell Biochem. 1997;166:85-94.
    • (1997) Mol Cell Biochem , vol.166 , pp. 85-94
    • Hendrickson, S.C.1    St Louis, J.D.2    Abdel-aleem, S.3
  • 12
    • 0028138761 scopus 로고
    • Rate of glycolysis during ischemia determines extent of ischemic injury and functional recovery after reperfusion
    • Vanoverschelde JL, Janier MF, Bakke JE, Marshall DR, Bergmann SR. Rate of glycolysis during ischemia determines extent of ischemic injury and functional recovery after reperfusion. Am J Physiol. 1994;267(part 2):H1785-H1794.
    • (1994) Am J Physiol , vol.267 , Issue.PART 2
    • Vanoverschelde, J.L.1    Janier, M.F.2    Bakke, J.E.3    Marshall, D.R.4    Bergmann, S.R.5
  • 14
    • 33846408329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism by which hyperglycemia plays a role in the setting of acute cardiovascular illness
    • Zarich SW. Mechanism by which hyperglycemia plays a role in the setting of acute cardiovascular illness. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2006;7(suppl 2):S35-S43.
    • (2006) Rev Cardiovasc Med , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Zarich, S.W.1
  • 15
    • 33846438949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory effects of insulin and pro-inflammatory effects of glucose: Relevance to the management of acute myocardial inflammation and other acute coronary syndromes
    • Dandona P, Chaudhuri A, Ghanim H, Mohanty P. Anti-inflammatory effects of insulin and pro-inflammatory effects of glucose: relevance to the management of acute myocardial inflammation and other acute coronary syndromes. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2006;7(suppl 2):S25-S34.
    • (2006) Rev Cardiovasc Med , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Dandona, P.1    Chaudhuri, A.2    Ghanim, H.3    Mohanty, P.4
  • 16
    • 0036893074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose, insulin and potassium (GIK) during reperfusion mediates improved myocardial bioenergetics
    • Angelos MG, Murray HM, Gorsline RT, Klawitter PF. Glucose, insulin and potassium (GIK) during reperfusion mediates improved myocardial bioenergetics. Resuscitation. 2002;55:329-336.
    • (2002) Resuscitation , vol.55 , pp. 329-336
    • Angelos, M.G.1    Murray, H.M.2    Gorsline, R.T.3    Klawitter, P.F.4
  • 17
    • 0035824907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial protection by insulin at reperfusion requires early administration and is mediated via Akt and p70s6 kinase cell-survival signaling
    • Jonassen AK, Sack NM, Mjøs OD, Yellon DM. Myocardial protection by insulin at reperfusion requires early administration and is mediated via Akt and p70s6 kinase cell-survival signaling. Circ Res. 2001;89:1191-1198.
    • (2001) Circ Res , vol.89 , pp. 1191-1198
    • Jonassen, A.K.1    Sack, N.M.2    Mjøs, O.D.3    Yellon, D.M.4
  • 18
    • 25144473311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose-insulin-potassium preserves systolic and diastolic function in ischemia and reperfusion in pigs
    • Zhu P, Lu L, Xu Y, Greyson C, Schwartz GG. Glucose-insulin-potassium preserves systolic and diastolic function in ischemia and reperfusion in pigs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2000;278:H595-H603.
    • (2000) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.278
    • Zhu, P.1    Lu, L.2    Xu, Y.3    Greyson, C.4    Schwartz, G.G.5
  • 21
    • 0021876237 scopus 로고
    • The effect of glucose-insulin-potassium on thallium-201 myocardial redistribution
    • Wilson RA, Okada RD, Barlai-Kovach M, Strauss HW. The effect of glucose-insulin-potassium on thallium-201 myocardial redistribution. Int J Nucl Med Biol. 1985;12:97-101.
    • (1985) Int J Nucl Med Biol , vol.12 , pp. 97-101
    • Wilson, R.A.1    Okada, R.D.2    Barlai-Kovach, M.3    Strauss, H.W.4
  • 22
    • 3242716828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardioprotection by glucose-insulin-potassium: Dependence on KATP channel opening and blood glucose concentration before ischemia
    • LaDisa JF Jr, Krolikowski JG, Pagel PS, Warltier DC, Kersten JR. Cardioprotection by glucose-insulin-potassium: dependence on KATP channel opening and blood glucose concentration before ischemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004;287:H601-H607.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.287
    • LaDisa Jr, J.F.1    Krolikowski, J.G.2    Pagel, P.S.3    Warltier, D.C.4    Kersten, J.R.5
  • 23
    • 0028216555 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced preservation of acutely ischemic myocardium using glucose-insulin-potassium solutions
    • Lazar H. Enhanced preservation of acutely ischemic myocardium using glucose-insulin-potassium solutions. J Card Surg. 1994;9(suppl):474-478.
    • (1994) J Card Surg , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 474-478
    • Lazar, H.1
  • 24
    • 20644470645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of insulin in the anti-apoptotic effect of glucose-insulin-potassium in rabbits with acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion
    • Zhang HF, Fan Q, Qian XX, Lopez BL, Christopher TA, Ma XL, Gao F. Role of insulin in the anti-apoptotic effect of glucose-insulin-potassium in rabbits with acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Apoptosis. 2004;9:777-783.
    • (2004) Apoptosis , vol.9 , pp. 777-783
    • Zhang, H.F.1    Fan, Q.2    Qian, X.X.3    Lopez, B.L.4    Christopher, T.A.5    Ma, X.L.6    Gao, F.7
  • 25
    • 0019850117 scopus 로고
    • Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on myocardial infarction and myocardial blood flow following experimental coronary artery occlusion
    • Kambara H, Yoshida A, Kawashita K, Kawai C. Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on myocardial infarction and myocardial blood flow following experimental coronary artery occlusion. Jpn Circ J. 1981;45:1158-1163.
    • (1981) Jpn Circ J , vol.45 , pp. 1158-1163
    • Kambara, H.1    Yoshida, A.2    Kawashita, K.3    Kawai, C.4
  • 26
    • 0018195794 scopus 로고
    • The effect of glucose-insulin-potassium on experimental myocardial infarction in the dog
    • Heng MK, Norris RM, Peter T, Nisbet HD, Singh BN. The effect of glucose-insulin-potassium on experimental myocardial infarction in the dog. Cardiovasc Res. 1978;12:429-435.
    • (1978) Cardiovasc Res , vol.12 , pp. 429-435
    • Heng, M.K.1    Norris, R.M.2    Peter, T.3    Nisbet, H.D.4    Singh, B.N.5
  • 27
    • 0031883921 scopus 로고
    • Glucose-insulin-potassium does not reduce myocardial infarct size in an ischemic/reperfusion rabbit model
    • Bellows SD, Kloner RA. Glucose-insulin-potassium does not reduce myocardial infarct size in an ischemic/reperfusion rabbit model. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 1995;5:25-27.
    • (1995) J Thromb Thrombolysis , vol.5 , pp. 25-27
    • Bellows, S.D.1    Kloner, R.A.2
  • 28
    • 0030861078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose-insulin-potassium therapy for treatment of acute myocardial infarction: An overview of randomized placebo-controlled trials
    • Fath-Ordoubadi F, Beatt KJ. Glucose-insulin-potassium therapy for treatment of acute myocardial infarction: an overview of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Circulation. 1997;96:1152-1156.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 1152-1156
    • Fath-Ordoubadi, F.1    Beatt, K.J.2
  • 29
    • 0032564373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • on behalf of the ECLA (Estudios Cardiológicos Latino-amèrica) Collaborative Group. Metabolic modulation of acute myocardial infarction: The ECLA Glucose-Insulin-Potassium pilot study
    • Díaz R, Paolasso EA, Piegas LS, Tajer CD, Moreno MG, Covalán R, Isea JE, Romero G; on behalf of the ECLA (Estudios Cardiológicos Latino-amèrica) Collaborative Group. Metabolic modulation of acute myocardial infarction: the ECLA Glucose-Insulin-Potassium pilot study. Circulation. 1998;98:2227-2234.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 2227-2234
    • Díaz, R.1    Paolasso, E.A.2    Piegas, L.S.3    Tajer, C.D.4    Moreno, M.G.5    Covalán, R.6    Isea, J.E.7    Romero, G.8
  • 30
    • 0032998052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ceremuzynski L, Budaj A, Czepiel A, Burzykhowski T, Achremczyk P, Smielak-Korombel W, Maciejewicz J, Dziubinska J, Nartowicz E, Kawka-Urbanek T, Piotrowski W, Hanzlik J, Cieslinski A, Kawecka-Jaszcs K, Gressek J, Wrabee K; for the Pol-GIK trial Investigators. Low-dose glucose-insulin-potassium is ineffective in acute myocardial infarction: results of a randomized multicenter Pol-GIK trial. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1999;13:191-200.
    • Ceremuzynski L, Budaj A, Czepiel A, Burzykhowski T, Achremczyk P, Smielak-Korombel W, Maciejewicz J, Dziubinska J, Nartowicz E, Kawka-Urbanek T, Piotrowski W, Hanzlik J, Cieslinski A, Kawecka-Jaszcs K, Gressek J, Wrabee K; for the Pol-GIK trial Investigators. Low-dose glucose-insulin-potassium is ineffective in acute myocardial infarction: results of a randomized multicenter Pol-GIK trial. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1999;13:191-200.
  • 31
    • 0033036298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) for acute myocardial infarction: A negative study with a positive value
    • Apstein CS, Opie LH. Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) for acute myocardial infarction: a negative study with a positive value. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1999;13:185-189.
    • (1999) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther , vol.13 , pp. 185-189
    • Apstein, C.S.1    Opie, L.H.2
  • 38
    • 28044466227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on myocardial damage due to percutaneous coronary revascularization
    • Yazici M, Demircan S, Duran K, Yasar E, Acar Z, Sahin M. Effect of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on myocardial damage due to percutaneous coronary revascularization. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96:1517-1520.
    • (2005) Am J Cardiol , vol.96 , pp. 1517-1520
    • Yazici, M.1    Demircan, S.2    Duran, K.3    Yasar, E.4    Acar, Z.5    Sahin, M.6
  • 43
    • 33750515885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on myocardial perfusion and left ventricular remodeling in patients treated with primary angioplasty for ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction
    • Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bianchi M, De Luca L, Battagliese A, DiRusso C, Proietti P, Vizza CD, Fedele F. Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on myocardial perfusion and left ventricular remodeling in patients treated with primary angioplasty for ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2006;98:1349-1353.
    • (2006) Am J Cardiol , vol.98 , pp. 1349-1353
    • Bucciarelli-Ducci, C.1    Bianchi, M.2    De Luca, L.3    Battagliese, A.4    DiRusso, C.5    Proietti, P.6    Vizza, C.D.7    Fedele, F.8
  • 44
    • 2342644876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Admission blood glucose level as risk indicator of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes mellitus
    • Stranders I, Diamant M, van Gelder RE, Spruijt HJ, Twisk JW, Heine RJ, Visser RC. Admission blood glucose level as risk indicator of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:982-988.
    • (2004) Arch Intern Med , vol.164 , pp. 982-988
    • Stranders, I.1    Diamant, M.2    van Gelder, R.E.3    Spruijt, H.J.4    Twisk, J.W.5    Heine, R.J.6    Visser, R.C.7
  • 45
    • 20544451806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Admission glucose and mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: Implications for patients with and without recognized diabetes
    • Kosiborod M, Rathore SS, Inzucchi SE, Masoudi FA, Wang Y, Havranek EP, Krumholz HM. Admission glucose and mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: implications for patients with and without recognized diabetes. Circulation. 2005;111:3078-3086.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 3078-3086
    • Kosiborod, M.1    Rathore, S.S.2    Inzucchi, S.E.3    Masoudi, F.A.4    Wang, Y.5    Havranek, E.P.6    Krumholz, H.M.7
  • 47
    • 25644456141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma glucose at hospital admission and previous metabolic control determine myocardial infarct size and survival in patients with and without type 2 diabetes: The Langendreer Myocardial Infarction and Blood Glucose in Diabetic Patients Assessment (LAMBDA)
    • Meier JJ, Deifuss S, Klamann A, Launhardt V, Schmiegel WH, Nauck MA. Plasma glucose at hospital admission and previous metabolic control determine myocardial infarct size and survival in patients with and without type 2 diabetes: the Langendreer Myocardial Infarction and Blood Glucose in Diabetic Patients Assessment (LAMBDA). Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2551-2553.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 2551-2553
    • Meier, J.J.1    Deifuss, S.2    Klamann, A.3    Launhardt, V.4    Schmiegel, W.H.5    Nauck, M.A.6
  • 48
    • 0029069020 scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): Effects on mortality at one year
    • Malmberg K, Ryden L, Efendic S, Herlitz J, Nicol P, Waldenstrom A, Wedel H, Welin L. Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): effects on mortality at one year. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:57-65.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.26 , pp. 57-65
    • Malmberg, K.1    Ryden, L.2    Efendic, S.3    Herlitz, J.4    Nicol, P.5    Waldenstrom, A.6    Wedel, H.7    Welin, L.8
  • 49
    • 0030974812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DIGAMI (Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction) Study Group. Prospective randomised study of intensive insulin treatment on long term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus
    • Malmberg K; DIGAMI (Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction) Study Group. Prospective randomised study of intensive insulin treatment on long term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. BMJ. 1997;314:1512-1515.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.314 , pp. 1512-1515
    • Malmberg, K.1
  • 51
    • 33746366222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hyperglycemia: Intensive Insulin Infusion in Infarction (HI-5) study: a randomized controlled trial of insulin infusion therapy for myocardial infarction
    • Cheung NW, Wong VW, McLean M. The Hyperglycemia: Intensive Insulin Infusion in Infarction (HI-5) study: a randomized controlled trial of insulin infusion therapy for myocardial infarction. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:765-770.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 765-770
    • Cheung, N.W.1    Wong, V.W.2    McLean, M.3
  • 54
    • 85047691476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does blood glucose control with insulin save lives in intensive care?
    • Van Den Berghe G. How does blood glucose control with insulin save lives in intensive care? J Clin Invest. 2004;114:1187-1195.
    • (2004) J Clin Invest , vol.114 , pp. 1187-1195
    • Van Den Berghe, G.1
  • 55
    • 0037312459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapy with insulin in cardiac surgery: Controversies and possible solutions
    • Doenst T, Bothe W, Beyersdorf F. Therapy with insulin in cardiac surgery: controversies and possible solutions. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:S721-S728.
    • (2003) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.75
    • Doenst, T.1    Bothe, W.2    Beyersdorf, F.3
  • 56
    • 19644362468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose-insulin-potassium in cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis
    • Bothe W, Olschewski M, Beyersdorf F, Doenst T. Glucose-insulin-potassium in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;78:1650 -1657.
    • (2004) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.78 , pp. 1650-1657
    • Bothe, W.1    Olschewski, M.2    Beyersdorf, F.3    Doenst, T.4
  • 57
    • 33644990353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forty years of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) in cardiac surgery: A review of randomized, controlled trials
    • Schipke JD, Friebe R, Gams E. Forty years of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) in cardiac surgery: a review of randomized, controlled trials. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006;29:479-485.
    • (2006) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.29 , pp. 479-485
    • Schipke, J.D.1    Friebe, R.2    Gams, E.3
  • 58
    • 1842434301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tight glycemic control in diabetic coronary artery bypass graft patients improves perioperative outcomes and decrease recurrent ischemic events
    • Lazar HL, Chipkin SR, Fitzgerald CA, Bao Y, Cabral H, Apstein CS. Tight glycemic control in diabetic coronary artery bypass graft patients improves perioperative outcomes and decrease recurrent ischemic events. Circulation. 2004;109:1497-1502.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 1497-1502
    • Lazar, H.L.1    Chipkin, S.R.2    Fitzgerald, C.A.3    Bao, Y.4    Cabral, H.5    Apstein, C.S.6
  • 59
    • 0033942855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose-insulin-potassium solutions improve outcomes in diabetics who have coronary artery operations
    • Lazar HL, Chipkin S, Philippides G, Bao Y, Apstein C. Glucose-insulin-potassium solutions improve outcomes in diabetics who have coronary artery operations. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;70:145-150.
    • (2000) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.70 , pp. 145-150
    • Lazar, H.L.1    Chipkin, S.2    Philippides, G.3    Bao, Y.4    Apstein, C.5
  • 61
    • 33845201058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial glucose transport and utilization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, left ventricular dysfunction, and coronary artery disease
    • Dutka DP, Pitt M, Pagano D, Mongillo M, Gathercole D, Bonser RS, Camici PG. Myocardial glucose transport and utilization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, left ventricular dysfunction, and coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:2225-2231.
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.48 , pp. 2225-2231
    • Dutka, D.P.1    Pitt, M.2    Pagano, D.3    Mongillo, M.4    Gathercole, D.5    Bonser, R.S.6    Camici, P.G.7
  • 62
    • 43449099376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at:, Accessed July 31, 2007
    • IMMEDIATE Trial Web Site. Available at: http://www.immediatetrial.com/. Accessed July 31, 2007.
    • IMMEDIATE Trial Web Site
  • 63
    • 17044418036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GIPS Investigators. Glucose-insulin-potassium and reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction: Rationale and design of the Glucose-Insulin- Potassium Study-2 (GIPS-2)
    • van der Horst IC, Timmer JR, Ottervanger JP, Bilo HJ, Gans RO, de Boer MJ, Zijlstra F; GIPS Investigators. Glucose-insulin-potassium and reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction: rationale and design of the Glucose-Insulin- Potassium Study-2 (GIPS-2). Am Heart J. 2005;149:585-591.
    • (2005) Am Heart J , vol.149 , pp. 585-591
    • van der Horst, I.C.1    Timmer, J.R.2    Ottervanger, J.P.3    Bilo, H.J.4    Gans, R.O.5    de Boer, M.J.6    Zijlstra, F.7
  • 64
    • 37149029743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting glucose in acute myocardial infarction: Has glucose, insulin, and potassium infusion missed the target?
    • Chandhuri A, Miller M, Nesto R, Rosenberg N, Dandona P. Targeting glucose in acute myocardial infarction: has glucose, insulin, and potassium infusion missed the target? Diabetes Care. 2007;30:3026-3028.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 3026-3028
    • Chandhuri, A.1    Miller, M.2    Nesto, R.3    Rosenberg, N.4    Dandona, P.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.