메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 128, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 1-32

Investigating a hierarchy of eulerian closure models for scalar transfer inside forested canopies

Author keywords

Canopy turbulence; Closure models; Net ecosystem CO2 exchange; Scalar transfer; Stratified canopy flows

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CARBON DIOXIDE; FORESTRY; HEAT FLUX; THERMAL STRATIFICATION; TURBULENCE MODELS; VEGETATION; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 42449160892     PISSN: 00068314     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10546-008-9273-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (44)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 0029775952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 exchange to the canopy: A generalized model of forest photosynthesis compared with measurements by eddy correlation
    • 2 exchange to the canopy: A generalized model of forest photosynthesis compared with measurements by eddy correlation. Oecologia 106:257-265
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.106 , pp. 257-265
    • Aber, J.D.1    Reich, P.B.2    Goulden, M.L.3
  • 3
    • 0027098414 scopus 로고
    • 2 and sensible heat flux densities and scalar profiles over and within a soybean canopy
    • 2 and sensible heat flux densities and scalar profiles over and within a soybean canopy. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 61:113-144
    • (1992) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.61 , pp. 113-144
    • Baldocchi, D.1
  • 4
    • 0031953883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On using eco-physiological, micrometeorological and biogeochemical theory to evaluate carbon dioxide, water vapour and trace gas fluxes over vegetation: A perspetive
    • Baldocchi D, Meyers T (1998) On using eco-physiological, micrometeorological and biogeochemical theory to evaluate carbon dioxide, water vapour and trace gas fluxes over vegetation: A perspetive. Agric Forest Meteorol 90:1-25
    • (1998) Agric Forest Meteorol , vol.90 , pp. 1-25
    • Baldocchi, D.1    Meyers, T.2
  • 5
    • 0030618376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation of carbon dioxide exchange rates above and below a boreal jack pine forest
    • Baldocchi DJ, Vogel C, Hall B (1997) Seasonal variation of carbon dioxide exchange rates above and below a boreal jack pine forest. Agric Forest Meteorol 83:147-170
    • (1997) Agric Forest Meteorol , vol.83 , pp. 147-170
    • Baldocchi, D.J.1    Vogel, C.2    Hall, B.3
  • 7
    • 0000036909 scopus 로고
    • A model predicting stomatal conductance and its contribution to the control of photosynthesis under different environmental conditions
    • In: Biggins J (eds) Martinus Nijhoff, Amsterdam Netherlands
    • Ball JT, Woodrow IE, Berry JA (1987) A model predicting stomatal conductance and its contribution to the control of photosynthesis under different environmental conditions. In: Biggins J (eds) Progress in photosynthesis research. Martinus Nijhoff, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp 221-224
    • (1987) Progress in Photosynthesis Research , pp. 221-224
    • Ball, J.T.1    Woodrow, I.E.2    Berry, J.A.3
  • 8
    • 0016564172 scopus 로고
    • On a derivable formula for long-wave radiation from clear skies
    • Brutsaert W (1975) On a derivable formula for long-wave radiation from clear skies. Water Resour Res 11:742-744
    • (1975) Water Resour Res , vol.11 , pp. 742-744
    • Brutsaert, W.1
  • 9
    • 9344233267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calibrating soil respiration measures with a dynamic flux apparatus using artificial soil media of varying porosity
    • Butnor JR, Johnsen KH (2004) Calibrating soil respiration measures with a dynamic flux apparatus using artificial soil media of varying porosity. Eur J Soil Sci 55:639-647
    • (2004) Eur J Soil Sci , vol.55 , pp. 639-647
    • Butnor, J.R.1    Johnsen, K.H.2
  • 10
    • 0038757906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of forest floor respiration by fertilization on both carbon dioxide-enriched and reference 17-year-old loblolly pine stands
    • Butnor JR, Johnsen KH, Oren R (2003) Reduction of forest floor respiration by fertilization on both carbon dioxide-enriched and reference 17-year-old loblolly pine stands. Global Change Biol 9:849-861
    • (2003) Global Change Biol , vol.9 , pp. 849-861
    • Butnor, J.R.1    Johnsen, K.H.2    Oren, R.3
  • 11
    • 34250016342 scopus 로고
    • Extinction coefficients for radiation in plant canopies calculated using an ellipsoidal inclination angle distribution
    • Campbell GS (1986) Extinction coefficients for radiation in plant canopies calculated using an ellipsoidal inclination angle distribution. Agric Forest Meteorol 36:317-321
    • (1986) Agric Forest Meteorol , vol.36 , pp. 317-321
    • Campbell, G.S.1
  • 13
    • 33847504748 scopus 로고
    • Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration: A model that Includes a laminar boundary layer
    • Collatz GJ, Ball JT, Crivet C, Berry JA (1991) Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration: A model that Includes a laminar boundary layer. Agric Forest Meteorol 54:107-136
    • (1991) Agric Forest Meteorol , vol.54 , pp. 107-136
    • Collatz, G.J.1    Ball, J.T.2    Crivet, C.3    Berry, J.A.4
  • 14
    • 0030927476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple scaling of photosynthesis from leaves to canopies without the errors of big-leaf models
    • De Pury DGG, Farquhar GD (1997) Simple scaling of photosynthesis from leaves to canopies without the errors of big-leaf models. Plant Cell Environ 20:537-557
    • (1997) Plant Cell Environ , vol.20 , pp. 537-557
    • De Pury, D.G.G.1    Farquhar, G.D.2
  • 15
    • 33846171957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simplified expressions for adjusting higher-order turbulent statistics obtained from open path gas analyzers
    • Detto M, Katul GG (2007) Simplified expressions for adjusting higher-order turbulent statistics obtained from open path gas analyzers. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 122:205-216
    • (2007) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.122 , pp. 205-216
    • Detto, M.1    Katul, G.G.2
  • 16
    • 0033046330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 exchange and water status in the canopy affected
    • 2 exchange and water status in the canopy affected. Plant Cell Environ 22:461-472
    • (1999) Plant Cell Environ , vol.22 , pp. 461-472
    • Ellsworth, D.S.1
  • 17
    • 0034176125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 assimilation and stomatal limitations in a Pinus taeda canopy
    • 2 assimilation and stomatal limitations in a Pinus taeda canopy. Tree Physiol 20:435-445
    • (2000) Tree Physiol , vol.20 , pp. 435-445
    • Ellsworth, D.S.1
  • 18
    • 0019905267 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the diffuse radiation fraction for hourly, daily and monthly average global radiation
    • Erbs DG, Klein SA, Duffie JA (1982) Estimation of the diffuse radiation fraction for hourly, daily and monthly average global radiation. Sol Energy 28:293
    • (1982) Sol Energy , vol.28 , pp. 293
    • Erbs, D.G.1    Klein, S.A.2    Duffie, J.A.3
  • 21
    • 0033586632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micrometeorology, biophysical exchanges and NEE decomposition in a two-story boreal forest-development and test of an intergrated model
    • Gu L, Shugart HH, Fuentes JD, Black TA, Shewchuk SR (1999) Micrometeorology, biophysical exchanges and NEE decomposition in a two-story boreal forest-development and test of an intergrated model. Agric Forest Meteorol 94: 123-148
    • (1999) Agric Forest Meteorol , vol.94 , pp. 123-148
    • Gu, L.1    Shugart, H.H.2    Fuentes, J.D.3    Black, T.A.4    Shewchuk, S.R.5
  • 22
    • 0019357621 scopus 로고
    • On the displacement height in the logarithmic velocity profile
    • Jackson PS (1981) On the displacement height in the logarithmic velocity profile. J Fluid Mech 111:15-25
    • (1981) J Fluid Mech , vol.111 , pp. 15-25
    • Jackson, P.S.1
  • 27
    • 0032465604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of higher-order closure model for a forested canopy
    • Katul GG, Albertson JD (1998) An investigation of higher-order closure model for a forested canopy. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 89:47-74
    • (1998) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.89 , pp. 47-74
    • Katul, G.G.1    Albertson, J.D.2
  • 28
    • 0033390121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principal length scales in second-order closure models for canopy turbulence
    • Katul GG, Chang WH (1999) Principal length scales in second-order closure models for canopy turbulence. J Appl Meteorol 38:1631-1643
    • (1999) J Appl Meteorol , vol.38 , pp. 1631-1643
    • Katul, G.G.1    Chang, W.H.2
  • 29
    • 0242500814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between plant hydraulic and biochemical properties derived from a steady-state coupled water and carbon transport model
    • Katul GG, Leuning R, Oren R (2003) Relationship between plant hydraulic and biochemical properties derived from a steady-state coupled water and carbon transport model: Plant Cell Environ 26:339-350
    • (2003) Plant Cell Environ , vol.26 , pp. 339-350
    • Katul, G.G.1    Leuning, R.2    Oren, R.3
  • 31
    • 2642707512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling photosynthesis in fluctuating light with inclusion of stomatal conductance, biochemical activation and pools of key photosynthetic intermediates
    • Kirschbaum MUF, Küppers M, Schneider HGC, Noe S (1998) Modelling photosynthesis in fluctuating light with inclusion of stomatal conductance, biochemical activation and pools of key photosynthetic intermediates. Planta 204:16-26
    • (1998) Planta , vol.204 , pp. 16-26
    • Kirschbaum, M.U.F.1    Küppers, M.2    Schneider, H.G.C.3    Noe, S.4
  • 35
    • 0036182653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling night-time ecosystem respiration by a constrained source optimization method
    • Lai C-T, Katul GG, Butnor J, Ellsworth D, Oren R (2002b) Modelling night-time ecosystem respiration by a constrained source optimization method. Global Change Biol8: 124-141
    • (2002) Global Change Biol , vol.8 , pp. 124-141
    • Lai, C.-T.1    Katul, G.G.2    Butnor, J.3    Ellsworth, D.4    Oren, R.5
  • 36
    • 52349108428 scopus 로고
    • Leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, conductance and transpiration: Scaling from leaves to canopies
    • Leuning R, Kelliher FM, De Pury DGG, Schulze E-D (1995) Leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, conductance and transpiration: Scaling from leaves to canopies. Plant Cell Environ 18:1183-1200
    • (1995) Plant Cell Environ , vol.18 , pp. 1183-1200
    • Leuning, R.1    Kelliher, F.M.2    De Pury, D.G.G.3    Schulze, E.-D.4
  • 37
    • 0033915164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of scalar sources/sink distributions in plant canopies using Lagrangian dispersion analysis: Corrections for atmospheric stability and comparison with a multilayer canopy model
    • Leuning R (2000) Estimation of scalar sources/sink distributions in plant canopies using Lagrangian dispersion analysis: Corrections for atmospheric stability and comparison with a multilayer canopy model. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 96:293-314
    • (2000) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.96 , pp. 293-314
    • Leuning, R.1
  • 38
    • 0029656832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-epsilon modeling of turbulent air flow downwind of a model forest edge
    • Liu J, Black TA, Novak MD (1996) E-epsilon modeling of turbulent air flow downwind of a model forest edge. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 77:21-44
    • (1996) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.77 , pp. 21-44
    • Liu, J.1    Black, T.A.2    Novak, M.D.3
  • 41
    • 0032734879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analytical one-dimensional second-order closure model of turbulence statistics and the Lagrangian time scale within and above plant canopies of arbitrary structure
    • Massman WJ, Weil JC (1999) An analytical one-dimensional second-order closure model of turbulence statistics and the Lagrangian time scale within and above plant canopies of arbitrary structure. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 91:81-107
    • (1999) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.91 , pp. 81-107
    • Massman, W.J.1    Weil, J.C.2
  • 45
    • 0000247365 scopus 로고
    • Analytic prediction of the properties of stratified planetary boundary layer
    • Mellor G (1973) Analytic prediction of the properties of stratified planetary boundary layer. J Atmos Sci 30:1061-1069
    • (1973) J Atmos Sci , vol.30 , pp. 1061-1069
    • Mellor, G.1
  • 46
    • 0022855157 scopus 로고
    • Testing of a higher-order closure model for modeling airflow within and above plant canopies
    • Meyers T, Paw UKT (1986) Testing of a higher-order closure model for modeling airflow within and above plant canopies. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 37:297-311
    • (1986) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.37 , pp. 297-311
    • Meyers, T.1    Paw, U.K.T.2
  • 47
    • 38249033550 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the plant canopy micrometeorology with higher-order closure principles
    • Meyers T, Paw UKT (1987) Modeling the plant canopy micrometeorology with higher-order closure principles. Agric Forest Meteorol 41:143-163
    • (1987) Agric Forest Meteorol , vol.41 , pp. 143-163
    • Meyers, T.1    Paw, U.K.T.2
  • 51
    • 0031735855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water balance delineates the soil layer in which moisture affects canopy conductance
    • Oren R, Ewers B, Todd P, Phillips N, Katul GG (1998) Water balance delineates the soil layer in which moisture affects canopy conductance. Ecol Appl 8:990-1002
    • (1998) Ecol Appl , vol.8 , pp. 990-1002
    • Oren, R.1    Ewers, B.2    Todd, P.3    Phillips, N.4    Katul, G.G.5
  • 53
    • 0242666982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species differences in stomatal control of water loss at the canopy scale in a mature bottomland deciduous forest
    • Pataki DE, Oren R (2003) Species differences in stomatal control of water loss at the canopy scale in a mature bottomland deciduous forest. Adv Water Resour 26(12):1267-1278
    • (2003) Adv Water Resour , vol.26 , Issue.12 , pp. 1267-1278
    • Pataki, D.E.1    Oren, R.2
  • 54
    • 44949165737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated carbon dioxide does not affect average canopy stomatal conductance of Pinus taeda L
    • Pataki DE, Oren R, Tissue D (1998) Elevated carbon dioxide does not affect average canopy stomatal conductance of Pinus taeda L. Oecologia 127:549-559
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.127 , pp. 549-559
    • Pataki, D.E.1    Oren, R.2    Tissue, D.3
  • 55
    • 84957790817 scopus 로고
    • Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass
    • Penman HL (1948) Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proc Roy Soc London Ser A 193:120-146
    • (1948) Proc Roy Soc London Ser A , vol.193 , pp. 120-146
    • Penman, H.L.1
  • 56
    • 1842735097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Momentum transfer and turbulent kinetic energy budgets within a dense model canopy
    • Poggi D, Katul GG, Albertson JD (2004) Momentum transfer and turbulent kinetic energy budgets within a dense model canopy. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 111:589-614
    • (2004) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.111 , pp. 589-614
    • Poggi, D.1    Katul, G.G.2    Albertson, J.D.3
  • 58
    • 0024799862 scopus 로고
    • A practical Lagrangian method for relating scalar concentrations to source distributions in vegetation canopies
    • Raupach MR (1989) A practical Lagrangian method for relating scalar concentrations to source distributions in vegetation canopies. Quart J Roy Meteorol Soc 115:609-632
    • (1989) Quart J Roy Meteorol Soc , vol.115 , pp. 609-632
    • Raupach, M.R.1
  • 60
    • 0024188944 scopus 로고
    • Influence of foliar density and thermal stability on profiles of Reynolds stress and turbulence intensity in a deciduous forest
    • Shaw RH, Hartog GD, Neumann HH (1988) Influence of foliar density and thermal stability on profiles of Reynolds stress and turbulence intensity in a deciduous forest. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 45(4):391-409
    • (1988) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 391-409
    • Shaw, R.H.1    Hartog, G.D.2    Neumann, H.H.3
  • 61
    • 27944509536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupled carbon-water exchange of the Amazon rain forest, I. Model description, parameterization and sensitivity analysis
    • Simon E, Meixner FX, Ganzeveld L, Kesselmeier J (2005a) Coupled carbon-water exchange of the Amazon rain forest, I. Model description, parameterization and sensitivity analysis. Biogeosciences 2:231-253
    • (2005) Biogeosciences , vol.2 , pp. 231-253
    • Simon, E.1    Meixner, F.X.2    Ganzeveld, L.3    Kesselmeier, J.4
  • 63
    • 0036536290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating heat sources and fluxes in thermally stratified canopy flows using higher-order closure models
    • Siqueira M, Katul G (2002) Estimating heat sources and fluxes in thermally stratified canopy flows using higher-order closure models. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 103:125-142
    • (2002) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.103 , pp. 125-142
    • Siqueira, M.1    Katul, G.2
  • 64
    • 0036704532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying net ecosystem exchange by multilevel ecophysiological and turbulent transport models
    • Siqueira M, Kutal GG, Lai C-T (2002) Quantifying net ecosystem exchange by multilevel ecophysiological and turbulent transport models. Adv Water Resour 25:1357-1366
    • (2002) Adv Water Resour , vol.25 , pp. 1357-1366
    • Siqueira, M.1    Kutal, G.G.2    Lai, C.-T.3
  • 65
    • 0022825778 scopus 로고
    • Separating the diffuse and direct component of global radiation and its implications for modelling canopy photosynthesis. Part I. Components of incoming radiation
    • Spitters CJT, Toussaint HAJM, Goudriaan J (1986) Separating the diffuse and direct component of global radiation and its implications for modelling canopy photosynthesis. Part I. Components of incoming radiation. Agric Forest Meteorol 38:225-237
    • (1986) Agric Forest Meteorol , vol.38 , pp. 225-237
    • Spitters, C.J.T.1    Toussaint, H.A.J.M.2    Goudriaan, J.3
  • 66
    • 0022825288 scopus 로고
    • Separating the diffuse and direct component of global radiation and its implications for modelling canopy photosynthesis. Part II. Calculation of canopy photosynthesis
    • Spitters CJT (1986) Separating the diffuse and direct component of global radiation and its implications for modelling canopy photosynthesis. Part II. Calculation of canopy photosynthesis. Agric Forest Meteorol 38:238-241
    • (1986) Agric Forest Meteorol , vol.38 , pp. 238-241
    • Spitters, C.J.T.1
  • 67
    • 0031933433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of shoot structure on the rate of photosynthesis at different levels in a coniferous canopy using a model incorporating grouping and penumbra
    • Stenberg P (1998) Implications of shoot structure on the rate of photosynthesis at different levels in a coniferous canopy using a model incorporating grouping and penumbra. Funct Ecol. 12:82-91
    • (1998) Funct Ecol. , vol.12 , pp. 82-91
    • Stenberg, P.1
  • 68
    • 22344451825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in net ecosystem exchange from hourly to inter-annual time scales at adjacent pine and hardwood forests: A wavelet analysis
    • Stoy P, Katul GG, Siqueira MBS, Juang J-Y, McCarthy HR, Kim H-S, Oishi C, Oren R (2005) Variability in net ecosystem exchange from hourly to inter-annual time scales at adjacent pine and hardwood forests: A wavelet analysis. Tree Physiol 25:887-902
    • (2005) Tree Physiol , vol.25 , pp. 887-902
    • Stoy, P.1    Katul, G.G.2    Siqueira, M.B.S.3    Juang, J.-Y.4    McCarthy, H.R.5    Kim, H.-S.6    Oishi, C.7    Oren, R.8
  • 70
    • 0030442429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a coupled leaf and canopy model for the simulation of plant-atmosphere interaction
    • Su H-B, Paw UKT, Shaw RH (1996) Development of a coupled leaf and canopy model for the simulation of plant-atmosphere interaction. J Appl Meteorol 35:733-748
    • (1996) J Appl Meteorol , vol.35 , pp. 733-748
    • Su, H.-B.1    Paw, U.K.T.2    Shaw, R.H.3
  • 71
    • 84970213691 scopus 로고
    • Momentum absorption by vegetation
    • Thom AS (1971) Momentum absorption by vegetation. Quart J Roy Meteorol Soc 97:414-428
    • (1971) Quart J Roy Meteorol Soc , vol.97 , pp. 414-428
    • Thom, A.S.1
  • 72
    • 0031859544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-leaf model for canopy conductance, photosynthesis and partitioning of available energy I: Model description and comparison with a multi-layered model
    • Wang YP, Leuning R (1998) A two-leaf model for canopy conductance, photosynthesis and partitioning of available energy I: Model description and comparison with a multi-layered model. Agric Forest Meteorol 91:89-111
    • (1998) Agric Forest Meteorol , vol.91 , pp. 89-111
    • Wang, Y.P.1    Leuning, R.2
  • 73
    • 0018923326 scopus 로고
    • Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer
    • Webb EK, Pearman GI, Leuning R (1980) Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer. Quart J Roy Meteorol Soc 106:85-100
    • (1980) Quart J Roy Meteorol Soc , vol.106 , pp. 85-100
    • Webb, E.K.1    Pearman, G.I.2    Leuning, R.3
  • 74
    • 0003132752 scopus 로고
    • Partitioning solar radiation into direct and diffuse, visible and near-infrared components
    • Weiss A, Norman JM (1985) Partitioning solar radiation into direct and diffuse, visible and near-infrared components. Agric Forest Meteorol 34:205-213
    • (1985) Agric Forest Meteorol , vol.34 , pp. 205-213
    • Weiss, A.1    Norman, J.M.2
  • 76
    • 0031767990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in net carbon exchange and evapotranspiration in a Brazilian rain forest: A modelling analysis
    • Williams M, Malhi Y, Nobre AD, Rastetter EB, Grace J, Pereira MGP (1998) Seasonal variation in net carbon exchange and evapotranspiration in a Brazilian rain forest: A modelling analysis. Plant Cell Environ 21:953-968
    • (1998) Plant Cell Environ , vol.21 , pp. 953-968
    • Williams, M.1    Malhi, Y.2    Nobre, A.D.3    Rastetter, E.B.4    Grace, J.5    Pereira, M.G.P.6
  • 77
    • 0001926466 scopus 로고
    • Turbulent transport within the plant canopy
    • In: Blackman TA (eds) IAHS Pub., Gentbrugge, Belgium
    • Wilson JD et al (1989) Turbulent transport within the plant canopy. In: Blackman TA (eds) Estimation of areal evapotranspiration. IAHS Pub., Gentbrugge, Belgium, pp 43-80
    • (1989) Estimation of Areal Evapotranspiration , pp. 43-80
    • Wilson, J.D.1
  • 78
    • 0013725478 scopus 로고
    • A higher order closure model for canopy flow
    • Wilson NR, Shaw RH (1977) A higher order closure model for canopy flow. J Appl Meteorol 16:1198-1205
    • (1977) J Appl Meteorol , vol.16 , pp. 1198-1205
    • Wilson, N.R.1    Shaw, R.H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.