메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 860-870

Myeloma light chains induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells

Author keywords

Cytokines; MAPK; Myeloma kidney; PACAP; Renal fibrosis; TGF 1

Indexed keywords

ALPHA SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN; CALVASCULIN; CYCLOSPORIN A; HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN; HYPOPHYSIS ADENYLATE CYCLASE ACTIVATING POLYPEPTIDE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN; INTERLEUKIN 6; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE P38; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; OSTEOGENIC PROTEIN 1; SCLEROPROTEIN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1; UVOMORULIN; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN; CADHERIN; CALCIUM BINDING PROTEIN; CCL2 PROTEIN, HUMAN; FSP1 PROTEIN, HUMAN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 42449118069     PISSN: 09310509     EISSN: 14602385     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfm670     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (58)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 0037216353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
    • Kyle RA, Gertz MA, Witzig TE et al. Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78: 21-33
    • (2003) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.78 , pp. 21-33
    • Kyle, R.A.1    Gertz, M.A.2    Witzig, T.E.3
  • 2
    • 0034852284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple myeloma and light chain-associated nephropathy at end-stage renal disease in the United States: Patient characteristics and survival
    • Abbott KC, Agodoa LY. Multiple myeloma and light chain-associated nephropathy at end-stage renal disease in the United States: patient characteristics and survival. Clin Nephrol 2001; 56: 207-210
    • (2001) Clin Nephrol , vol.56 , pp. 207-210
    • Abbott, K.C.1    Agodoa, L.Y.2
  • 3
    • 0030731168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of cast nephropathy in multiple myeloma
    • Iggo N, Winearls CG, Davies DR. The development of cast nephropathy in multiple myeloma. QJM 1997; 90: 653-656
    • (1997) QJM , vol.90 , pp. 653-656
    • Iggo, N.1    Winearls, C.G.2    Davies, D.R.3
  • 4
    • 33644869828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myeloma - new approaches to combined nephrological-haematological management
    • Haubitz M, Peest D. Myeloma - new approaches to combined nephrological-haematological management. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21: 582-590
    • (2006) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.21 , pp. 582-590
    • Haubitz, M.1    Peest, D.2
  • 5
    • 3542999276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal pathologic spectrum in an autopsy series of patients with plasma cell dyscrasia
    • Herrera GA, Joseph L, Gu X, Hough A et al. Renal pathologic spectrum in an autopsy series of patients with plasma cell dyscrasia. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2004; 128: 875-879
    • (2004) Arch Pathol Lab Med , vol.128 , pp. 875-879
    • Herrera, G.A.1    Joseph, L.2    Gu, X.3    Hough, A.4
  • 6
    • 0027234305 scopus 로고
    • Development of chronic renal failure in patients with multiple myeloma
    • Ivanyi B. Development of chronic renal failure in patients with multiple myeloma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1993; 117: 837-840
    • (1993) Arch Pathol Lab Med , vol.117 , pp. 837-840
    • Ivanyi, B.1
  • 7
    • 0034911594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease: The disease spectrum
    • Lin J, Markowitz GS, Valeri AM, Kambham N et al. Renal monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease: the disease spectrum. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: 1482-1492
    • (2001) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.12 , pp. 1482-1492
    • Lin, J.1    Markowitz, G.S.2    Valeri, A.M.3    Kambham, N.4
  • 8
    • 30444437057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new twist in myeloma treatment
    • Sanders PW. A new twist in myeloma treatment. Blood 2006; 107: 413-414
    • (2006) Blood , vol.107 , pp. 413-414
    • Sanders, P.W.1
  • 9
    • 0033228045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of Na-K-ATPase activity and gene expression by amyeloma light chain in proximal tubule cells
    • Guan S, el-Dahr S, Dipp S et al. Inhibition of Na-K-ATPase activity and gene expression by amyeloma light chain in proximal tubule cells. J Investig Med 1999; 47: 496-501
    • (1999) J Investig Med , vol.47 , pp. 496-501
    • Guan, S.1    el-Dahr, S.2    Dipp, S.3
  • 10
    • 0033820718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxicity of myeloma light chains in cultured human kidney proximal tubule cells
    • Pote A, Zwizinski C, Simon EE et al. Cytotoxicity of myeloma light chains in cultured human kidney proximal tubule cells. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 36: 735-744
    • (2000) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.36 , pp. 735-744
    • Pote, A.1    Zwizinski, C.2    Simon, E.E.3
  • 11
    • 0037609534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of MAPK pathways in light chain-induced cytokine production in human proximal tubule cells
    • Sengul S, Zwizinski C, Batuman V. Role of MAPK pathways in light chain-induced cytokine production in human proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2003; 284: F1245-F1254
    • (2003) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.284
    • Sengul, S.1    Zwizinski, C.2    Batuman, V.3
  • 12
    • 0036433583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocytosis of light chains induces cytokines through activation of NF-kappaB in human proximal tubule cells
    • Sengul S, Zwizinski C, Simon EE et al. Endocytosis of light chains induces cytokines through activation of NF-kappaB in human proximal tubule cells. Kidney Int 2002; 62: 1977-1988
    • (2002) Kidney Int , vol.62 , pp. 1977-1988
    • Sengul, S.1    Zwizinski, C.2    Simon, E.E.3
  • 13
    • 0030419494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular insights into renal interstitial fibrosis
    • Eddy AA. Molecular insights into renal interstitial fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7: 2495-2508
    • (1996) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.7 , pp. 2495-2508
    • Eddy, A.A.1
  • 14
    • 0003133161 scopus 로고
    • Cell-cell cross-talk in the pathogenesis of renal interstitial fibrosis
    • Fine LG, Norman JT, Ong A. Cell-cell cross-talk in the pathogenesis of renal interstitial fibrosis. Kidney Int Suppl 1995; 49: S48-S50
    • (1995) Kidney Int Suppl , vol.49
    • Fine, L.G.1    Norman, J.T.2    Ong, A.3
  • 15
    • 0036330229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal interstitial fibrosis: Remembrance of things past?
    • Herzlinger D. Renal interstitial fibrosis: remembrance of things past? J Clin Investig 2002; 110: 305-306
    • (2002) J Clin Investig , vol.110 , pp. 305-306
    • Herzlinger, D.1
  • 16
    • 0346724511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its implications for fibrosis
    • Kalluri R, Neilson EG. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its implications for fibrosis. J Clin Investig 2003; 112: 1776-1784
    • (2003) J Clin Investig , vol.112 , pp. 1776-1784
    • Kalluri, R.1    Neilson, E.G.2
  • 17
    • 0347993932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in renal fibrogenesis: Pathologic significance, molecular mechanism, and therapeutic intervention
    • Liu Y. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in renal fibrogenesis: pathologic significance, molecular mechanism, and therapeutic intervention. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 1-12
    • (2004) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.15 , pp. 1-12
    • Liu, Y.1
  • 18
    • 0036318317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tubular epithelial cells in human renal biopsies
    • Rastaldi MP, Ferrario F, Giardino L et al. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tubular epithelial cells in human renal biopsies. Kidney Int 2002; 62: 137-146
    • (2002) Kidney Int , vol.62 , pp. 137-146
    • Rastaldi, M.P.1    Ferrario, F.2    Giardino, L.3
  • 19
    • 0034785496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissection of key events in tubular epithelial to myofibroblast transition and its implications in renal interstitial fibrosis
    • Yang J, Liu Y. Dissection of key events in tubular epithelial to myofibroblast transition and its implications in renal interstitial fibrosis. Am J Pathol 2001; 159: 1465-1475
    • (2001) Am J Pathol , vol.159 , pp. 1465-1475
    • Yang, J.1    Liu, Y.2
  • 20
    • 1642379154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in renal fibrosis
    • Zeisberg M, Kalluri R. The role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in renal fibrosis. J Mol Med 2004; 82: 175-181
    • (2004) J Mol Med , vol.82 , pp. 175-181
    • Zeisberg, M.1    Kalluri, R.2
  • 21
    • 33751326779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor-mediated endocytosis of immunoglobulin light chains by renal proximal tubule cells
    • Batuman V, Guan S. Receptor-mediated endocytosis of immunoglobulin light chains by renal proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol 1997; 272: F521-F530
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.272
    • Batuman, V.1    Guan, S.2
  • 22
    • 17344373956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myeloma light chains are ligands for cubilin (gp280)
    • Batuman V, Verroust PJ, Navar GL et al. Myeloma light chains are ligands for cubilin (gp280). Am J Physiol 1998; 275: F246-F254
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275
    • Batuman, V.1    Verroust, P.J.2    Navar, G.L.3
  • 24
    • 27144507950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporine A induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells
    • McMorrow T, Gaffney MM, Slattery C et al. Cyclosporine A induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 20: 2215-2225
    • (2005) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.20 , pp. 2215-2225
    • McMorrow, T.1    Gaffney, M.M.2    Slattery, C.3
  • 25
    • 30444455781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential protective action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP38) on in vitro and in vivo models of myeloma kidney injury
    • Arimura A, Li M, Batuman V. Potential protective action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP38) on in vitro and in vivo models of myeloma kidney injury. Blood 2006; 107: 661-668
    • (2006) Blood , vol.107 , pp. 661-668
    • Arimura, A.1    Li, M.2    Batuman, V.3
  • 26
    • 0036843640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interstitial expression of alpha-SMA: An early marker of chronic renal allograft dysfunction
    • Badid C, Desmouliere A, Babici D et al. Interstitial expression of alpha-SMA: an early marker of chronic renal allograft dysfunction. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17: 1993-1998
    • (2002) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.17 , pp. 1993-1998
    • Badid, C.1    Desmouliere, A.2    Babici, D.3
  • 27
    • 0032782848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myofibroblasts: I. Paracrine cells important in health and disease
    • Powell DW, Mifflin RC, Valentich JD et al. Myofibroblasts: I. Paracrine cells important in health and disease. Am J Physiol 1999; 277: C1-C9
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.277
    • Powell, D.W.1    Mifflin, R.C.2    Valentich, J.D.3
  • 28
    • 33646858310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGFbeta1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition, but not myofibroblast transdifferentiation of human kidney tubular epithelial cells in primary culture
    • Forino M, Torregrossa R, Ceol M et al. TGFbeta1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition, but not myofibroblast transdifferentiation of human kidney tubular epithelial cells in primary culture. Int J Exp Pathol 2006; 87: 197-208
    • (2006) Int J Exp Pathol , vol.87 , pp. 197-208
    • Forino, M.1    Torregrossa, R.2    Ceol, M.3
  • 29
    • 25144460253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporine A-induced renal fibrosis: A role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition
    • Slattery C, Campbell E, McMorrow T et al. Cyclosporine A-induced renal fibrosis: a role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Am J Pathol 2005; 167: 395-407
    • (2005) Am J Pathol , vol.167 , pp. 395-407
    • Slattery, C.1    Campbell, E.2    McMorrow, T.3
  • 30
    • 32644470604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renewal of FSP1: A marker of fibrogenesis on human renal biopsies
    • Bruneval P, Rossert J, Bariety J. Renewal of FSP1: a marker of fibrogenesis on human renal biopsies. Kidney Int 2005; 68: 1366-1367
    • (2005) Kidney Int , vol.68 , pp. 1366-1367
    • Bruneval, P.1    Rossert, J.2    Bariety, J.3
  • 31
    • 0030670132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early role of Fsp1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation
    • Okada H, Danoff TM, Kalluri R et al. Early role of Fsp1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. Am J Physiol 1997; 273: F563-F574
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.273
    • Okada, H.1    Danoff, T.M.2    Kalluri, R.3
  • 32
    • 32844463476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunolocalization of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1), its receptor (FGFR-1), and fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1) in inflammatory renal disease
    • Rossini M, Cheunsuchon B, Donnert E et al. Immunolocalization of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1), its receptor (FGFR-1), and fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1) in inflammatory renal disease. Kidney Int 2005; 68: 2621-2628
    • (2005) Kidney Int , vol.68 , pp. 2621-2628
    • Rossini, M.1    Cheunsuchon, B.2    Donnert, E.3
  • 33
    • 34250733867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition in progressive kidney disease
    • Burns WC, Kantharidis P, Thomas MC. The role of tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition in progressive kidney disease. Cells Tissues Organs 2007; 185: 222-2231
    • (2007) Cells Tissues Organs , vol.185 , pp. 222-2231
    • Burns, W.C.1    Kantharidis, P.2    Thomas, M.C.3
  • 34
    • 33644638349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal fibrosis: New insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutics
    • Liu Y. Renal fibrosis: new insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutics. Kidney Int 2006; 69: 213-217
    • (2006) Kidney Int , vol.69 , pp. 213-217
    • Liu, Y.1
  • 35
    • 34248185951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular cells in the pathogenesis of progressive tubulo-interstitial fibrosis
    • Mucsi I, Rosivall L. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular cells in the pathogenesis of progressive tubulo-interstitial fibrosis. Acta Physiol Hung 2007; 94: 117-131
    • (2007) Acta Physiol Hung , vol.94 , pp. 117-131
    • Mucsi, I.1    Rosivall, L.2
  • 36
    • 0032842887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-beta regulates tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation in vitro
    • Fan JM, Ng YY, Hill PA et al. Transforming growth factor-beta regulates tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation in vitro. Kidney Int 1999; 56: 1455-1467
    • (1999) Kidney Int , vol.56 , pp. 1455-1467
    • Fan, J.M.1    Ng, Y.Y.2    Hill, P.A.3
  • 37
    • 0035061819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 induces tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation through a transforming growth factor-beta1-dependent mechanism in vitro
    • Fan JM, Huang XR, Ng YY et al. Interleukin-1 induces tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation through a transforming growth factor-beta1-dependent mechanism in vitro. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 37: 820-831
    • (2001) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.37 , pp. 820-831
    • Fan, J.M.1    Huang, X.R.2    Ng, Y.Y.3
  • 38
    • 34147176657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial-to- mesenchymal transition of human proximal tubular epithelial cells: Effects of rapamycin, mycophenolate, cyclosporin, azathioprine, and methylprednisolone
    • Copeland JW, Beaumont BW, Merrilees MJ et al. Epithelial-to- mesenchymal transition of human proximal tubular epithelial cells: effects of rapamycin, mycophenolate, cyclosporin, azathioprine, and methylprednisolone. Transplantation 2007; 83: 809-814
    • (2007) Transplantation , vol.83 , pp. 809-814
    • Copeland, J.W.1    Beaumont, B.W.2    Merrilees, M.J.3
  • 39
    • 0036674213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for TGFbeta-mediated fibroblastic transdifferentiation and cell migration
    • Bakin AV, Rinehart C, Tomlinson AK et al. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for TGFbeta-mediated fibroblastic transdifferentiation and cell migration. J Cell Sci 2002; 115: 3193-3206
    • (2002) J Cell Sci , vol.115 , pp. 3193-3206
    • Bakin, A.V.1    Rinehart, C.2    Tomlinson, A.K.3
  • 40
    • 0018692485 scopus 로고
    • Renal filtration, transport, and metabolism of low-molecular-weight proteins: A review
    • Maack T, Johnson V, Kau ST et al. Renal filtration, transport, and metabolism of low-molecular-weight proteins: a review. Kidney Int 1979; 16: 251-270
    • (1979) Kidney Int , vol.16 , pp. 251-270
    • Maack, T.1    Johnson, V.2    Kau, S.T.3
  • 41
    • 0942276280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Albumin signals the coming of age of proteinuric nephropathy
    • Brunskill NJ. Albumin signals the coming of age of proteinuric nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 504-505
    • (2004) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.15 , pp. 504-505
    • Brunskill, N.J.1
  • 42
    • 15544373016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal tubule albumin transport
    • Gekle M. Renal tubule albumin transport. Annu Rev Physiol 2005; 67: 573-594
    • (2005) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.67 , pp. 573-594
    • Gekle, M.1
  • 43
    • 0032512094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of progressive nephropathies
    • Remuzzi G, Bertani T. Pathophysiology of progressive nephropathies. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1448-1456
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 1448-1456
    • Remuzzi, G.1    Bertani, T.2
  • 44
    • 0036322007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that fibroblasts derive from epithelium during tissue fibrosis
    • Iwano M, Plieth D, Danoff TM et al. Evidence that fibroblasts derive from epithelium during tissue fibrosis. J Clin Investig 2002; 110: 341-350
    • (2002) J Clin Investig , vol.110 , pp. 341-350
    • Iwano, M.1    Plieth, D.2    Danoff, T.M.3
  • 45
    • 33746387852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of renal failure associated with multiple myeloma and other diseases by PACAP-38
    • Arimura A, Li M, Batuman V. Treatment of renal failure associated with multiple myeloma and other diseases by PACAP-38. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1070: 1-4
    • (2006) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.1070 , pp. 1-4
    • Arimura, A.1    Li, M.2    Batuman, V.3
  • 46
    • 33749020583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide is a potent inhibitor of the growth of light chain-secreting human multiple myeloma cells
    • Li M, Cortez S, Nakamachi T, Batuman V et al. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide is a potent inhibitor of the growth of light chain-secreting human multiple myeloma cells. Cancer Res 2006; 66: 8796-8803
    • (2006) Cancer Res , vol.66 , pp. 8796-8803
    • Li, M.1    Cortez, S.2    Nakamachi, T.3    Batuman, V.4
  • 47
    • 33645471240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cast nephropathy in myeloma - does PACAP38, a new member of the vasoactive intestinal peptide family, open a therapeutic window?
    • Ritz E. Cast nephropathy in myeloma - does PACAP38, a new member of the vasoactive intestinal peptide family, open a therapeutic window? J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17: 911-913
    • (2006) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.17 , pp. 911-913
    • Ritz, E.1
  • 48
    • 0036138824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockage of tubular epithelial to myofibroblast transition by hepatocyte growth factor prevents renal interstitial fibrosis
    • Yang J, Liu Y. Blockage of tubular epithelial to myofibroblast transition by hepatocyte growth factor prevents renal interstitial fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13: 96-107
    • (2002) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.13 , pp. 96-107
    • Yang, J.1    Liu, Y.2
  • 49
    • 0038717407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BMP-7 counteracts TGFbeta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and reverses chronic renal injury
    • Zeisberg M, Hanai J, Sugimoto H et al. BMP-7 counteracts TGFbeta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and reverses chronic renal injury. Nat Med 2003; 9: 964-968
    • (2003) Nat Med , vol.9 , pp. 964-968
    • Zeisberg, M.1    Hanai, J.2    Sugimoto, H.3
  • 50
    • 14844290237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone morphogenic protein-7 induces mesenchymal to epithelial transition in adult renal fibroblasts and facilitates regeneration of injured kidney
    • Zeisberg M, Shah AA, Kalluri R. Bone morphogenic protein-7 induces mesenchymal to epithelial transition in adult renal fibroblasts and facilitates regeneration of injured kidney. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 8094-8100
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 8094-8100
    • Zeisberg, M.1    Shah, A.A.2    Kalluri, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.