Electrochromic tungsten oxide: The role of defects

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Volumn 84, Issue 1-4, 2004, Pages 315-328

  Niklasson, Gunnar A ^a   Berggren, Lars ^a   Larsson, Anna Lena ^a  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Defects; Electrochromism; Optical properties; Polarons; Tungsten oxide

Indexed keywords

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES; ELECTROCHROMISM; LIGHT ABSORPTION; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; SOLAR ENERGY; SPUTTERING; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

COLORATION; POLARON THEORY; TUNGSTEN OXIDE;

TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS;

EID: 4243137279     PISSN: 09270248     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2004.01.045     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (42)

1. Lampert C.M. Large-area smart glass and integrated photovoltaics. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 76:2003;489-499.
2. Azens A., Granqvist C.G. Electrochromic smart windows. energy efficiency and device aspects J. Solid State Electrochem. 7:2003;64-68.
3. Granqvist C.G. Handbook of Inorganic Electrochromic Materials. 1995;Elsevier, Amsterdam.
4. 3-based electrochromic windows - problems and status. Ionics. 5:1999;161-170.
5. Bange K. Colouration of tungsten oxide films. a model for optically active coatings Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 58:1999;1-131.
6. Monk P.M.S. Charge movement through electrochromic thin film tungsten trioxide. Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 24:1999;193-226.
7. Granqvist C.G. Electrochromic tungsten oxide films. review of progress 1993-1998 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 60:2000;201-262.
8. Lusis A., Kleperis J., Pentjus E. Model of electrochromic and related phenomena in tungsten oxide thin films. J. Solid State Electrochem. 7:2003;106-112.
9. Tsuda N., Nasu K., Yanase A., Siratori K. Electronic Conduction in Oxides. 1991;Springer, Berlin.
10. 3-x. Eur. J. Solid State Inorg. Chem. 31:1994;805-821.
11. Larsson A.-L., Sernelius B.E., Niklasson G.A. Optical absorption of Li-intercalated polycrystalline tungsten oxide films. comparison to large polaron theory Solid State Ionics. 165:2003;35-41.
12. Elliott S.R. Physics of Amorphous Materials. 2nd Edition:1990;Longman, Harlow, Essex.
13. Gervais F. Optical conductivity of oxides. Mater. Sci. Eng. Rep. 39:2002;29-92.
14. Fröhlich H. Electrons in lattice fields. Adv. Phys. 3:1954;325-361.
15. Berak J.M., Sienko M.J. J. Solid State Chem. 2:1970;109-133.
16. 3 deposited by magnetron sputtering. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A. 17:1999;2906-2910.
17. 3 thick films from 10. Hz to 1.8 GHz J. Appl. Phys. 91:2002;6775-6777.
18. Emin D. Optical properties of large and small polarons and bipolarons. Phys. Rev. B. 48:1993;13691-13702.
19. Alexandrov A.S., Mott N. Polarons and Bipolarons. 1995;World Scientific, Singapore.
20. Calvani P. Optical properties of polarons. Riv. Nuovo Cimento. 24(8):2001;1-71.
21. Devreese J., De Sitter J., Goovaerts M. Optical absorption of polarons in the Feynman-Hellwarth-Iddings-Platzman approximation. Phys. Rev. B. 5:1972;2367-2381.
22. Franke E.B., Trimble C.L., Hale J.S., Schubert M., Woolam J.A. Infrared switching electrochromic devices based on tungsten oxide. J. Appl. Phys. 88:2000;5777-5784.
23. Anderson P.W. Model for the electronic structure of amorphous semiconductors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 34:1975;953-955.
24. 3. Phys. Rev. B. 54:1996;2436-2445.
25. 3 films. J. Electrochem. Soc. 144:1997;2022-2026.
26. Bechinger C., Burdis M.S., Zhang J.-G. Comparison between electrochromic and photochromic coloration efficiency of tungsten oxide thin films. Solid State Commun. 101:1997;753-756.
27. 3-y thin films as a function of oxygen deficiency. Appl. Phys. Lett. 75:1999;1541-1543.
28. 3. Phys. Rev. B. 60:1999;16463-16474.
29. Stolze M., Camin B., Galbert F., Reinholz U., Thomas L.K. Nature of substoichiometry in reactively DC-sputtered tungsten oxide thin films and its effect on the maximum obtainable colouration by gases. Thin Solid Films. 409:2002;254-264.
30. 3. a first principles approach Electrochim. Acta. 46:2001;1989-1993.
31. 3 films. J. Appl. Phys. 85:1999;1540-1544.
32. Foster A.S., Sulimov V.B., Lopez Gejo F., Shluger A.L., Nieminen R.M. Structure and electrical levels of point defects in monoclinic zirconia. Phys. Rev. B. 64:2001;224108.
33. Berggren L., Azens A., Niklasson G.A. Polaron absorption in amorphous tungsten oxide films. J. Appl. Phys. 90:2001;1860-1863.
34. Berggren L., Niklasson G.A. Optical absorption and durability of sputtered amorphous tungsten oxide films. Solid State Ionics. 165:2003;51-58.
35. 3 amorphous films. RCA Rev. 36:1975;177-197.
36. Bryksin V.V. Optical intraband absorption in disordered systems with a strong electron-phonon interaction. Sov. Phys. Solid State. 24:1982;627-631. [Fiz. Tverd. Tela, 24, 1110-1117].
37. Bryksin V.V. Optical intraband absorption in disordered systems with a strong electron-phonon interaction. Sov. Phys. Solid State. 24:1982;627-631. [Fiz. Tverd. Tela, 24, 1110-1117].
38. Gabrusenoks J.V., Cikmach P.D., Lusis A.R., Kleperis J.J., Ramans G.M. Electrochromic colour centres in amorphous tungsten trioxide thin films. Solid State Ionics. 14:1984;25-30.
39. Kaneko H., Miyake K., Teramoto Y. Electrochemichromism of rf reactively sputtered tungsten-oxide films. J. Appl. Phys. 53:1982;4416-4421.
40. Burdis M.S., Siddle J.R. Observation of non-ideal lithium insertion into sputtered thin films of tungsten oxide. Thin Solid Films. 237:1994;320-325.
41. 3 target. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 56:1999;259-269.
42. Denesuk M., Uhlmann D.R. Site-saturation model for the optical efficiency of tungsten oxide-based devices. J. Electrochem. Soc. 143:1996;L186-L188.