Spironolactone for poorly controlled hypertension in type 2 diabetes: Conflicting effects on blood pressure, endothelial function, glycaemic control and hormonal profiles

Diabetologia

Volumn 51, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 762-768

  Swaminathan, K ^a   Davies, J ^a   George, J ^a   Rajendra, N S ^a   Morris, A D ^a   Struthers, A D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Aldosterone; Blockade; Cardiovascular; Endothelium; Glycaemic control; Hormones; Hypertension; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINE; ALDOSTERONE; ANGIOTENSIN II; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DOXAZOSIN; GLITAZONE DERIVATIVE; HYDROCORTISONE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LISINOPRIL; METFORMIN; RAMIPRIL; SPIRONOLACTONE; SULFONYLUREA; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT;

ARTICLE; CELL FUNCTION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DIET THERAPY; DOSE RESPONSE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PLETHYSMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TREATMENT FAILURE; VASODILATATION; VEIN OCCLUSION;

AGED; ALDOSTERONE; ANGIOTENSIN II; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS INDEX; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIABETIC ANGIOPATHIES; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; FEMALE; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS; HEMOGLOBIN A, GLYCOSYLATED; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE, BRAIN;

EID: 41849126315     PISSN: 0012186X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-0972-5     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Booth GL, Kapral MK, Fung K, Tu JV (2006) Relation between age and cardiovascular disease in men and women with diabetes compared with non-diabetic people: a population-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet 368:29-36
2. Feskens EJ, Kromhout D (1992) Glucose tolerance and the risk of cardiovascular disease: the Zutphen Study. J Clin Epidemiol 45:1327-1334
3. Bryant W, Greenfield JR, Chisholm DJ, Campbell LV (2006) Diabetes guidelines: easier to preach than to practise? Med J Aust 185:305-309
4. Sivaprasad S, Jackson H (2007) Blood pressure control in type II diabetics with diabetic retinopathy. Eye 21:708-711
5. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ et al (1999) The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 341:709-717
6. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F et al (2003) Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 348:1309-1321
7. Joffe HV, Kwong RY, Gerhard-Herman MD, Rice C, Feldman K, Adler GK (2007) Beneficial effects of eplerenone versus hydrochlorothiazide on coronary circulatory function in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:2552-2558
8. Macdonald JE, Kennedy N, Struthers AD (2004) Effects of spironolactone on endothelial function, vascular angiotensin converting enzyme activity, and other prognostic markers in patients with mild heart failure already taking optimal treatment. Heart 90:765-770
9. MacFadyen RJ, Barr CS, Struthers AD (1997) Aldosterone blockade reduces vascular collagen turnover, improves heart rate variability and reduces early morning rise in heart rate in heart failure patients. Cardiovasc Res 35:30-34
10. Davies JI, Band M, Morris A, Struthers AD (2004) Spironolactone impairs endothelial function and heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 47:1687-1694
11. Chapman N, Dobson J, Wilson S et al (2007) Effect of spironolactone on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension. Hypertension 49:839-845
12. Calhoun DA (2007) Low-dose aldosterone blockade as a new treatment paradigm for controlling resistant hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 9(Suppl 1):19-24
13. Bridges AB, Scott NA, McNeill GP, Pringle TH, Belch JJ (1992) Circadian variation of white blood cell aggregation and free radical indices in men with ischaemic heart disease. Eur Heart J 13:1632-1636
14. Guthikonda S, Sinkey C, Barenz T, Haynes WG (2003) Xanthine oxidase inhibition reverses endothelial dysfunction in heavy smokers. Circulation 107:416-421
15. Petrie JR, Perry C, Cleland SJ, Murray LS, Elliott HL, Connell JM (2000) Forearm plethysmography: does the right arm know what the left is doing? Clin Sci (Lond) 98:209-210
16. Wilkinson IB, Webb DJ (2001) Venous occlusion plethysmography in cardiovascular research: methodology and clinical applications. Br J Clin Pharmacol 52:631-646
17. Benjamin N, Calver A, Collier J, Robinson B, Vallance P, Webb D (1995) Measuring forearm blood flow and interpreting the responses to drugs and mediators. Hypertension 25:918-923
18. Petrie JR, Ueda S, Morris AD, Murray LS, Elliott HL, Connell JM (1998) How reproducible is bilateral forearm plethysmography? Br J Clin Pharmacol 45:131-139
19. Gokce N, Keaney JF Jr., Hunter LM et al (2003) Predictive value of noninvasively determined endothelial dysfunction for long-term cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral vascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 41:1769-1775
20. Modena MG, Bonetti L, Coppi F, Bursi F, Rossi R (2002) Prognostic role of reversible endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive postmenopausal women. J Am Coll Cardiol 40:505-510
21. Halcox JP, Schenke WH, Zalos G et al (2002) Prognostic value of coronary vascular endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 106:653-658
22. Heitzer T, Schlinzig T, Krohn K, Meinertz T, Munzel T (2001) Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 104:2673-2678
23. Schachinger V, Britten MB, Zeiher AM (2000) Prognostic impact of coronary vasodilator dysfunction on adverse long-term outcome of coronary heart disease. Circulation 101:1899-1906
24. Suwaidi JA, Hamasaki S, Higano ST, Nishimura RA, Holmes DR Jr, Lerman A (2000) Long-term follow-up of patients with mild coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 101:948-954
25. Vita JA, Keaney JF Jr (2002) Endothelial function: a barometer for cardiovascular risk? Circulation 106:640-642
26. Zannad F, Radauceanu A (2005) Effect of MR blockade on collagen formation and cardiovascular disease with a specific emphasis on heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 10:71-78
27. Davies J, Gavin A, Band M, Morris A, Struthers A (2005) Spironolactone reduces brachial pulse wave velocity and PIIINP levels in hypertensive diabetic patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 59:520-523
28. Wong KY, Mac Walter RS, Douglas D, Fraser HW, Ogston SA, Struthers AD (2003) Long QTc predicts future cardiac death in stroke survivors. Heart 89:377-381
29. Salles GF, Deccache W, Cardoso CR (2005) Usefulness of QT-interval parameters for cardiovascular risk stratification in type 2 diabetic patients with arterial hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 19:241-249
30. He FJ, MacGregor GA (2001) Fortnightly review: Beneficial effects of potassium. BMJ 323:497-501
31. Schram MT, van Ittersum FJ, Spoelstra-de Man A et al (2005) Aggressive antihypertensive therapy based on hydrochlorothiazide, candesartan or lisinopril as initial choice in hypertensive type II diabetic individuals: effects on albumin excretion, endothelial function and inflammation in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. J Hum Hypertens 19:429-437
32. Schiffrin EL (1996) Correction of remodeling and function of small arteries in human hypertension by cilazapril, an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 27(Suppl 2):S13-S18
33. Schiffrin EL, Park JB, Intengan HD, Touyz RM (2000) Correction of arterial structure and endothelial dysfunction in human essential hypertension by the angiotensin receptor antagonist losartan. Circulation 101:1653-1659
34. Schiffrin EL, Park JB, Pu Q (2002) Effect of crossing over hypertensive patients from a beta-blocker to an angiotensin receptor antagonist on resistance artery structure and on endothelial function. J Hypertens 20:71-78
35. Ghiadoni L, Magagna A, Versari D et al (2003) Different effect of antihypertensive drugs on conduit artery endothelial function. Hypertension 41:1281-1286
36. Matsumoto S, Takebayashi K, Aso Y (2006) The effect of spironolactone on circulating adipocytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic nephropathy. Metabolism 55:1645-1652
37. Guerci B, Bohme P, Kearney-Schwartz A, Zannad F, Drouin P (2001) Endothelial dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. Part 2: altered endothelial function and the effects of treatments in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab 27:436-447
38. Kawano H, Motoyama T, Hirashima O et al (1999) Hyperglycemia rapidly suppresses flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation of brachial artery. J Am Coll Cardiol 34:146-154
39. Tesfamariam B, Brown ML, Cohen RA (1991) Elevated glucose impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation by activating protein kinase C. J Clin Invest 87:1643-1648
40. Touyz RM, Schiffrin EL (1999) Ang II-stimulated superoxide production is mediated via phospholipase D in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 34:976-982
41. Touyz RM, Chen X, Tabet F et al (2002) Expression of a functionally active gp91phox-containing neutrophil-type NAD(P)H oxidase in smooth muscle cells from human resistance arteries: regulation by angiotensin II. Circ Res 90:1205-1213
42. Petrie MC, Padmanabhan N, McDonald JE, Hillier C, Connell JM, McMurray JJ (2001) Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and non-ACE dependent angiotensin II generation in resistance arteries from patients with heart failure and coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 37:1056-1061
43. Hollenberg NK, Fisher ND, Price DA (1998) Pathways for angiotensin II generation in intact human tissue: evidence from comparative pharmacological interruption of the renin system. Hypertension 32:387-392
44. Simmons WW, Ungureanu-Longrois D, Smith GK, Smith TW, Kelly RA (1996) Glucocorticoids regulate inducible nitric oxide synthase by inhibiting tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis and L-arginine transport. J Biol Chem 271:23928-23937
45. Yang S, Zhang L (2004) Glucocorticoids and vascular reactivity. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2:1-12
46. Shah NC, Pringle SD, Donnan PT, Struthers AD (2007) Spironolactone has antiarrhythmic activity in ischaemic cardiac patients without cardiac failure. J Hypertens 25:2345-2351
47. Barr CS, Lang CC, Hanson J, Arnott M, Kennedy N, Struthers AD (1995) Effects of adding spironolactone to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in chronic congestive heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 76:1259-1265