메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 1311-1322

Multicenter, randomized, controlled trials evaluating mortality in intensive care: Doomed to fail?

Author keywords

Critically ill; Mortality; Outcome

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COCHRANE LIBRARY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; DATA EXTRACTION; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HUMAN; INFORMATION RETRIEVAL; INTENSIVE CARE; MORTALITY; MULTICENTER STUDY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLICATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

EID: 41649116334     PISSN: 00903493     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318168ea3e     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (144)

References (98)
  • 1
    • 0030027092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based medicine: What it is and what it isn't
    • Sackett DL, Rosenberg WMC, Gray JAM, et al: Evidence-based medicine: What it is and what it isn't. BMJ 1996; 312:71-72
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 71-72
    • Sackett, D.L.1    Rosenberg, W.M.C.2    Gray, J.A.M.3
  • 2
    • 13744259126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence based medicine: Does it make a difference? Use wisely
    • Druss B: Evidence based medicine: Does it make a difference? Use wisely. BMJ 2005; 330:92
    • (2005) BMJ , vol.330 , pp. 92
    • Druss, B.1
  • 3
    • 4143148570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based medicine in the ICU: Important advances and limitations
    • Vincent JL: Evidence-based medicine in the ICU: Important advances and limitations. Chest 2004; 126:592-600
    • (2004) Chest , vol.126 , pp. 592-600
    • Vincent, J.L.1
  • 4
    • 0034088684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which therapeutic interventions in critical care medicine have been shown to reduce mortality in prospective, randomized, clinical trials?
    • Vincent JL: Which therapeutic interventions in critical care medicine have been shown to reduce mortality in prospective, randomized, clinical trials? Crit Care Med 2000; 28:1616-1620
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 1616-1620
    • Vincent, J.L.1
  • 5
    • 0035089345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doctors' perceptions of the effects of interventions tested in prospective, randomised, controlled, clinical trials: Results of a survey of ICU physicians
    • Ferreira F, Vincent JL, Brun-Buisson C, et al: Doctors' perceptions of the effects of interventions tested in prospective, randomised, controlled, clinical trials: Results of a survey of ICU physicians. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27:548-554
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 548-554
    • Ferreira, F.1    Vincent, J.L.2    Brun-Buisson, C.3
  • 6
    • 0037413466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, controlled trial of the use of pulmonary-artery catheters in high-risk surgical patients
    • Sandham JD, Hull RD, Brant RF, et al: A randomized, controlled trial of the use of pulmonary-artery catheters in high-risk surgical patients. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:5-14
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 5-14
    • Sandham, J.D.1    Hull, R.D.2    Brant, R.F.3
  • 7
    • 0345374592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early use of the pulmonary artery catheter and outcomes in patients with shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
    • Richard C, Warszawski J, Anguel N, et al: Early use of the pulmonary artery catheter and outcomes in patients with shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003; 290:2713-2720
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 2713-2720
    • Richard, C.1    Warszawski, J.2    Anguel, N.3
  • 8
    • 33646859471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary-artery versus central venous catheter to guide treatment of acute lung injury
    • Wheeler AP, Bernard GR, Thompson BT, et al: Pulmonary-artery versus central venous catheter to guide treatment of acute lung injury. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:2213-2224
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 2213-2224
    • Wheeler, A.P.1    Bernard, G.R.2    Thompson, B.T.3
  • 9
    • 25444492831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drotrecogin alfa [activated] for adults with severe sepsis and a low risk of death
    • Abraham E, Laterre PF, Garg R, et al: Drotrecogin alfa [activated] for adults with severe sepsis and a low risk of death. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:1332-1341
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 1332-1341
    • Abraham, E.1    Laterre, P.F.2    Garg, R.3
  • 10
    • 0023252009 scopus 로고
    • A controlled clinical trial of high-dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock
    • Bone RC, Fisher CJJ, Clemmer TP, et al: A controlled clinical trial of high-dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:653-658
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.317 , pp. 653-658
    • Bone, R.C.1    Fisher, C.J.J.2    Clemmer, T.P.3
  • 11
    • 0028275095 scopus 로고
    • Elevation of systemic oxygen delivery in the treatment of critically ill patients
    • Hayes MA, Timmins AC, Yau EH, et al: Elevation of systemic oxygen delivery in the treatment of critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:1717-1722
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 1717-1722
    • Hayes, M.A.1    Timmins, A.C.2    Yau, E.H.3
  • 12
    • 0032484956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a protective- ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Amato MB, Barbas CS, Medeiro DM, et al: Effect of a protective- ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:347-354
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 347-354
    • Amato, M.B.1    Barbas, C.S.2    Medeiro, D.M.3
  • 13
    • 9444255722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials. The CONSORT statement
    • Begg C, Cho M, Eastwood S, et al: Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials. The CONSORT statement. JAMA 1996; 276:637-639
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 637-639
    • Begg, C.1    Cho, M.2    Eastwood, S.3
  • 14
    • 0343893748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • The ARDS Network
    • The ARDS Network: Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1301-1308
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1301-1308
  • 15
    • 33646548926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high positive end-expiratory pressure, low tidal volume ventilatory strategy improves outcome in persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Villar J, Kacmarek RM, Perez-Mendez L, et al: A high positive end-expiratory pressure, low tidal volume ventilatory strategy improves outcome in persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome: A randomized, controlled trial. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1311-1318
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1311-1318
    • Villar, J.1    Kacmarek, R.M.2    Perez-Mendez, L.3
  • 16
    • 0034044734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective randomized trial comparing pressure-controlled ventilation and volume-controlled ventilation in ARDS. For the Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group
    • Esteban A, Alia I, Gordo F, et al: Prospective randomized trial comparing pressure-controlled ventilation and volume-controlled ventilation in ARDS. For the Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group. Chest 2000; 117:1690-1696
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , pp. 1690-1696
    • Esteban, A.1    Alia, I.2    Gordo, F.3
  • 17
    • 0025973518 scopus 로고
    • Effects of high-dose IgG on survival of surgical patients with sepsis scores of 20 or greater
    • Dominioni L, Dionigi R, Zanello M, et al: Effects of high-dose IgG on survival of surgical patients with sepsis scores of 20 or greater. Arch Surg 1991; 126:236-240
    • (1991) Arch Surg , vol.126 , pp. 236-240
    • Dominioni, L.1    Dionigi, R.2    Zanello, M.3
  • 18
    • 0035826096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis
    • Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF, et al: Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:699-709
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 699-709
    • Bernard, G.R.1    Vincent, J.L.2    Laterre, P.F.3
  • 19
    • 0037151571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock
    • Annane D, Sebille V, Charpentier C, et al: Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock. JAMA 2002; 288:862-871
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 862-871
    • Annane, D.1    Sebille, V.2    Charpentier, C.3
  • 20
    • 0026518402 scopus 로고
    • Gastric intramucosal pH as a therapeutic index of tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients
    • Gutierrez G, Palizas F, Doglio G, et al: Gastric intramucosal pH as a therapeutic index of tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients. Lancet 1992; 339:195-199
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.339 , pp. 195-199
    • Gutierrez, G.1    Palizas, F.2    Doglio, G.3
  • 21
    • 22844435058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-volume hemofiltration after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A randomized study
    • Laurent I, Adrie C, Vinsonneau C, et al: High-volume hemofiltration after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46:432-437
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.46 , pp. 432-437
    • Laurent, I.1    Adrie, C.2    Vinsonneau, C.3
  • 22
    • 18144435904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive and noninvasive strategies for management of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia: A randomized trial
    • Fagon JY, Chastre J, Wolff M, et al: Invasive and noninvasive strategies for management of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132:621-630
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , pp. 621-630
    • Fagon, J.Y.1    Chastre, J.2    Wolff, M.3
  • 23
    • 0029900294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of septic shock with the tumor necrosis factor receptor: Fc fusion protein
    • Fisher CJ Jr, Agosti JM, Opal SM, et al: Treatment of septic shock with the tumor necrosis factor receptor: Fc fusion protein. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:1697-1702
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1697-1702
    • Fisher Jr, C.J.1    Agosti, J.M.2    Opal, S.M.3
  • 24
    • 4444273012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 546C88: Effect on survival in patients with septic shock
    • Lopez A, Lorente JA, Steingrub J, et al: Multiple-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 546C88: Effect on survival in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:21-30
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 21-30
    • Lopez, A.1    Lorente, J.A.2    Steingrub, J.3
  • 25
    • 2942616676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for respiratory failure after extubation
    • Esteban A, Frutos-Vivar F, Ferguson ND, et al: Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for respiratory failure after extubation. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:2452-2460
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 2452-2460
    • Esteban, A.1    Frutos-Vivar, F.2    Ferguson, N.D.3
  • 26
    • 0035720102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized clinical trial of continuous versus intermittent dialysis for acute renal failure
    • Mehta RL, McDonald B, Gabbai FB, et al: A randomized clinical trial of continuous versus intermittent dialysis for acute renal failure. Kidney Int 2001; 60:1154-1163
    • (2001) Kidney Int , vol.60 , pp. 1154-1163
    • Mehta, R.L.1    McDonald, B.2    Gabbai, F.B.3
  • 27
    • 0033539018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased mortality associated with growth hormone treatment in critically ill adults
    • Takala J, Ruokonen E, Webster NR, et al: Increased mortality associated with growth hormone treatment in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:785-792
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 785-792
    • Takala, J.1    Ruokonen, E.2    Webster, N.R.3
  • 28
    • 0033579126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) in the treatment of severe traumatic hemorrhagic shock: A randomized controlled efficacy trial
    • Sloan EP, Koenigsberg M, Gens D, et al: Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) in the treatment of severe traumatic hemorrhagic shock: a randomized controlled efficacy trial. JAMA 1999; 282:1857-1864
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 1857-1864
    • Sloan, E.P.1    Koenigsberg, M.2    Gens, D.3
  • 29
    • 0023239471 scopus 로고
    • Effect of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy on mortality in patients with clinical signs of systemic sepsis
    • The Veterans Administration Systemic Sepsis Cooperative Study Group
    • The Veterans Administration Systemic Sepsis Cooperative Study Group: Effect of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy on mortality in patients with clinical signs of systemic sepsis. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:659-665
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.317 , pp. 659-665
  • 30
    • 33646558238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IgMA-enriched immunoglobulin in neutropenic patients with sepsis syndrome and septic shock: A randomized, controlled, multiple-center trial
    • Hentrich M, Fehnle K, Ostermann H, et al: IgMA-enriched immunoglobulin in neutropenic patients with sepsis syndrome and septic shock: A randomized, controlled, multiple-center trial. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1319-1325
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1319-1325
    • Hentrich, M.1    Fehnle, K.2    Ostermann, H.3
  • 31
    • 8044246571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of patients with sepsis
    • Bernard GR, Wheeler AP, Russell JA, et al: The effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of patients with sepsis. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:912-918
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 912-918
    • Bernard, G.R.1    Wheeler, A.P.2    Russell, J.A.3
  • 32
    • 0023678354 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Gram-negative septic shock with human IgG antibody to Escherichia coli J5: A prospective, double-blind, randomized trial
    • Calandra T, Glauser MP, Schellekens J, et al: Treatment of Gram-negative septic shock with human IgG antibody to Escherichia coli J5: A prospective, double-blind, randomized trial. J Infect Dis 1988; 158:312-319
    • (1988) J Infect Dis , vol.158 , pp. 312-319
    • Calandra, T.1    Glauser, M.P.2    Schellekens, J.3
  • 33
    • 0026016470 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-1A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin
    • Ziegler EJ, Fisher CJ, Sprung CL, et al: Treatment of Gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-1A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin. N Engl J Med 1991; 324:429-436
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 429-436
    • Ziegler, E.J.1    Fisher, C.J.2    Sprung, C.L.3
  • 34
    • 0029043636 scopus 로고
    • A second large controlled clinical study of E5, a monoclonal antibody to endotoxin: Results of a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. The E5 Sepsis Study Group
    • Bone RC, Balk RA, Fein AM, et al: A second large controlled clinical study of E5, a monoclonal antibody to endotoxin: Results of a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. The E5 Sepsis Study Group. Crit Care Med 1995; 23:994-1006
    • (1995) Crit Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 994-1006
    • Bone, R.C.1    Balk, R.A.2    Fein, A.M.3
  • 35
    • 0028557981 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of septic shock with human monoclonal antibody HA-1A: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • McCloskey RV, Straube RC, Sanders C, et al: Treatment of septic shock with human monoclonal antibody HA-1A: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121:1-5
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med , vol.121 , pp. 1-5
    • McCloskey, R.V.1    Straube, R.C.2    Sanders, C.3
  • 36
    • 0034607323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E5 murine monoclonal antiendotoxin antibody in Gram-negative sepsis: A randomized controlled trial. E5 Study Investigators
    • Angus DC, Birmingham MC, Balk RA, et al: E5 murine monoclonal antiendotoxin antibody in Gram-negative sepsis: A randomized controlled trial. E5 Study Investigators. JAMA 2000; 283:1723-1730
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , pp. 1723-1730
    • Angus, D.C.1    Birmingham, M.C.2    Balk, R.A.3
  • 37
    • 0037326716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter evaluation of a human monoclonal antibody to Enterobacteriaceae common antigen in patients with Gram-negative sepsis
    • Albertson TE, Panacek EA, MacArthur RD, et al: Multicenter evaluation of a human monoclonal antibody to Enterobacteriaceae common antigen in patients with Gram-negative sepsis. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:419-427
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 419-427
    • Albertson, T.E.1    Panacek, E.A.2    MacArthur, R.D.3
  • 38
    • 0028957549 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibody to human tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with sepsis syndrome: A randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial
    • Abraham E, Wunderink R, Silverman H, et al: Efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibody to human tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with sepsis syndrome: A randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial. JAMA 1995; 273:934-941
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 934-941
    • Abraham, E.1    Wunderink, R.2    Silverman, H.3
  • 39
    • 0029835023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • INTERSEPT Study Group: INTERSEPT: An international, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumor necrosis factor-α in patients with sepsis
    • Cohen J, Carlet J, INTERSEPT Study Group: INTERSEPT: An international, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumor necrosis factor-α in patients with sepsis. Crit Care Med 1996; 24:1431-1440
    • (1996) Crit Care Med , vol.24 , pp. 1431-1440
    • Cohen, J.1    Carlet, J.2
  • 40
    • 0032495658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind randomised controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumor necrosis factor in treatment of septic shock
    • Abraham E, Anzueto A, Gutierrez G, et al: Double-blind randomised controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumor necrosis factor in treatment of septic shock. Lancet 1998; 351:929-933
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 929-933
    • Abraham, E.1    Anzueto, A.2    Gutierrez, G.3
  • 41
    • 0035046049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody fragment afelimomab in hyperinflammatory response during severe sepsis: The RAMSES Study
    • Reinhart K, Menges T, Gardlund B, et al: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody fragment afelimomab in hyperinflammatory response during severe sepsis: The RAMSES Study. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:765-769
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 765-769
    • Reinhart, K.1    Menges, T.2    Gardlund, B.3
  • 42
    • 0035100346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lenercept (p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein) in severe sepsis and early septic shock: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III trial with 1,342 patients
    • Abraham E, Laterre PF, Garbino J, et al: Lenercept (p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein) in severe sepsis and early septic shock: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III trial with 1,342 patients. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:503-510
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 503-510
    • Abraham, E.1    Laterre, P.F.2    Garbino, J.3
  • 43
    • 8544262221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the monoclonal antitumor necrosis factor antibody F(ab′)2 fragment afelimomab in patients with severe sepsis and elevated interleukin-6 levels
    • Panacek EA, Marshall JC, Albertson TE, et al: Efficacy and safety of the monoclonal antitumor necrosis factor antibody F(ab′)2 fragment afelimomab in patients with severe sepsis and elevated interleukin-6 levels. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:2173-2182
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 2173-2182
    • Panacek, E.A.1    Marshall, J.C.2    Albertson, T.E.3
  • 44
    • 0028239555 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with sepsis syndrome
    • Fisher CJ, Dhainaut JF, Opal SM, et al: Recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with sepsis syndrome. JAMA 1994; 271:1836-1843
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 1836-1843
    • Fisher, C.J.1    Dhainaut, J.F.2    Opal, S.M.3
  • 45
    • 0030877935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmatory interleukin-1 receptor antagonist trial in severe sepsis: A phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial
    • Opal SM, Fisher CJ Jr, Dhainaut JF, et al: Confirmatory interleukin-1 receptor antagonist trial in severe sepsis: A phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Crit Care Med 1997; 25:1115-1124
    • (1997) Crit Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 1115-1124
    • Opal, S.M.1    Fisher Jr, C.J.2    Dhainaut, J.F.3
  • 46
    • 0032433468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmatory platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist trial in patients with severe Gram-negative bacterial sepsis: A phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. BN 52021 Sepsis Investigator Group
    • Dhainaut JF, Tenaillon A, Hemmer M, et al: Confirmatory platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist trial in patients with severe Gram-negative bacterial sepsis: A phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. BN 52021 Sepsis Investigator Group. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:1963-1971
    • (1998) Crit Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 1963-1971
    • Dhainaut, J.F.1    Tenaillon, A.2    Hemmer, M.3
  • 47
    • 10744219506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase for treatment of severe sepsis: Results of a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial
    • Opal S, Laterre PF, Abraham E, et al: Recombinant human platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase for treatment of severe sepsis: Results of a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:332-341
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 332-341
    • Opal, S.1    Laterre, P.F.2    Abraham, E.3
  • 48
    • 0008021312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis with a novel bradykinin antagonist, deltibant (CP-0127)
    • Fein AM, Bernard GR, Criner GJ, et al: Treatment of severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis with a novel bradykinin antagonist, deltibant (CP-0127). JAMA 1997; 277:482-487
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.277 , pp. 482-487
    • Fein, A.M.1    Bernard, G.R.2    Criner, G.J.3
  • 49
    • 0038690407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of tifacogin (recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor) in severe sepsis: A randomized controlled trial
    • Abraham E, Reinhart K, Opal S, et al: Efficacy and safety of tifacogin (recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor) in severe sepsis: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003; 290:238-247
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 238-247
    • Abraham, E.1    Reinhart, K.2    Opal, S.3
  • 50
    • 0035904368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caring for the critically ill patient. High-dose antithrombin III in severe sepsis: A randomized controlled trial
    • Warren BL, Eid A, Singer P, et al: Caring for the critically ill patient. High-dose antithrombin III in severe sepsis: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 286:1869-1878
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 1869-1878
    • Warren, B.L.1    Eid, A.2    Singer, P.3
  • 51
    • 0037352612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of LY315920Na/S-5920, a selective inhibitor of 14-kDa group IIA secretory phospholipase A2, in patients with suspected sepsis and organ failure
    • Abraham E, Naum C, Bandi V, et al: Efficacy and safety of LY315920Na/S-5920, a selective inhibitor of 14-kDa group IIA secretory phospholipase A2, in patients with suspected sepsis and organ failure. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:718-728
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 718-728
    • Abraham, E.1    Naum, C.2    Bandi, V.3
  • 52
    • 23844502308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LY315920NA/S-5920, a selective inhibitor of group IIA secretory phospholipase A2, fails to improve clinical outcome for patients with severe sepsis
    • Zeiher BG, Steingrub J, Laterre PF, et al: LY315920NA/S-5920, a selective inhibitor of group IIA secretory phospholipase A2, fails to improve clinical outcome for patients with severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:1741-1748
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 1741-1748
    • Zeiher, B.G.1    Steingrub, J.2    Laterre, P.F.3
  • 53
    • 17944383332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of prone positioning on the survival of patients with acute respiratory failure
    • Gattinoni L, Tognoni G, Pesenti A, et al: Effect of prone positioning on the survival of patients with acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:568-573
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 568-573
    • Gattinoni, L.1    Tognoni, G.2    Pesenti, A.3
  • 54
    • 8544278034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of systematic prone positioning in hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: A randomized controlled trial
    • Guerin C, Gaillard S, Lemasson S, et al: Effects of systematic prone positioning in hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292:2379-2387
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 2379-2387
    • Guerin, C.1    Gaillard, S.2    Lemasson, S.3
  • 55
    • 33744931163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter trial of prolonged prone ventilation in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Mancebo J, Fernandez R, Blanch L, et al: A multicenter trial of prolonged prone ventilation in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173:1233-1239
    • (2006) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.173 , pp. 1233-1239
    • Mancebo, J.1    Fernandez, R.2    Blanch, L.3
  • 56
    • 0032429521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tidal volume reduction for prevention of ventilator-induced lung injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Multicenter Trail Group on Tidal Volume reduction in ARDS
    • Brochard L, Roudot-Thoraval F, Roupie E, et al: Tidal volume reduction for prevention of ventilator-induced lung injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Multicenter Trail Group on Tidal Volume reduction in ARDS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158:1831-1838
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.158 , pp. 1831-1838
    • Brochard, L.1    Roudot-Thoraval, F.2    Roupie, E.3
  • 57
    • 0032484918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a ventilation strategy to prevent barotrauma in patients at high risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Stewart TE, Meade MO, Cook DJ, et al: Evaluation of a ventilation strategy to prevent barotrauma in patients at high risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:355-361
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 355-361
    • Stewart, T.E.1    Meade, M.O.2    Cook, D.J.3
  • 58
    • 3242703034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher versus lower positive end-expiratory pressures in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Brower RG, Lanken PN, Macintyre N, et al: Higher versus lower positive end-expiratory pressures in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:327-336
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 327-336
    • Brower, R.G.1    Lanken, P.N.2    Macintyre, N.3
  • 59
    • 33745081608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury
    • Wiedemann HP, Wheeler AP, Bernard GR, et al: Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:2564-2575
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 2564-2575
    • Wiedemann, H.P.1    Wheeler, A.P.2    Bernard, G.R.3
  • 60
    • 9344262898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosolized surfactant in adults with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Anzueto A, Baughmann RP, Guntupalli KK, et al: Aerosolized surfactant in adults with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:1417-1421
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1417-1421
    • Anzueto, A.1    Baughmann, R.P.2    Guntupalli, K.K.3
  • 61
    • 0024396963 scopus 로고
    • An early test of survival in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome: The PaO2/FlO2 ratio and its differential response to conventional therapy
    • Bone RC, Maunder R, Slotman G, et al: An early test of survival in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome: The PaO2/FlO2 ratio and its differential response to conventional therapy. Chest 1989; 96:849-851
    • (1989) Chest , vol.96 , pp. 849-851
    • Bone, R.C.1    Maunder, R.2    Slotman, G.3
  • 62
    • 0343618525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketoconazole for early treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
    • The ARDS Network
    • The ARDS Network: Ketoconazole for early treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2000; 283:1995-2002
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , pp. 1995-2002
  • 63
    • 0034764687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter, double blind, placebo-controlled study of liposomal prostaglandin E1 (TLC C-53) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Vincent JL, Brase R, Dhainaut JF, et al: A multicenter, double blind, placebo-controlled study of liposomal prostaglandin E1 (TLC C-53) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27:1578-1583
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 1578-1583
    • Vincent, J.L.1    Brase, R.2    Dhainaut, J.F.3
  • 64
    • 0036152894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of lisofylline for early treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of lisofylline for early treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome Crit Care Med 2002; 30:1-6
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 1-6
  • 65
    • 3943106162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil elastase inhibition in acute lung injury: Results of the STRIVE study
    • Zeiher BG, Artigas A, Vincent JL, et al: Neutrophil elastase inhibition in acute lung injury: Results of the STRIVE study. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:1695-1702
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 1695-1702
    • Zeiher, B.G.1    Artigas, A.2    Vincent, J.L.3
  • 66
    • 33645865234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Steinberg KP, Hudson LD, Goodman RB, et al: Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1671-1684
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 1671-1684
    • Steinberg, K.P.1    Hudson, L.D.2    Goodman, R.B.3
  • 67
    • 0037323852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the use of filgrastim in patients hospitalized with pneumonia and severe sepsis
    • Root RK, Lodato RF, Patrick W, et al: Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the use of filgrastim in patients hospitalized with pneumonia and severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:367-373
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 367-373
    • Root, R.K.1    Lodato, R.F.2    Patrick, W.3
  • 68
    • 0026543599 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial in intensive care units of selective decontamination of the digestive tract with nonabsorbable antibiotics
    • Gastinne H, Wolff M, Delatour F, et al: A controlled trial in intensive care units of selective decontamination of the digestive tract with nonabsorbable antibiotics. N Engl J Med 1992; 326:594-599
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 594-599
    • Gastinne, H.1    Wolff, M.2    Delatour, F.3
  • 69
    • 0034751682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients with a high-protein diet enriched with arginine, fiber, and antioxidants compared with a standard high-protein diet: The effect on nosocomial infections and outcome
    • Caparros T, Lopez J, Grau T: Early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients with a high-protein diet enriched with arginine, fiber, and antioxidants compared with a standard high-protein diet: The effect on nosocomial infections and outcome. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2001; 25:299-308
    • (2001) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.25 , pp. 299-308
    • Caparros, T.1    Lopez, J.2    Grau, T.3
  • 70
    • 0036800274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of early high-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration on survival and recovery of renal function in intensive care patients with acute renal failure: A prospective, randomized trial
    • Bouman CS, Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Tijssen JG, et al: Effects of early high-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration on survival and recovery of renal function in intensive care patients with acute renal failure: A prospective, randomized trial. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:2205-2211
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 2205-2211
    • Bouman, C.S.1    Oudemans-van Straaten, H.M.2    Tijssen, J.G.3
  • 71
    • 0028872009 scopus 로고
    • A trial of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients
    • Gattinoni L, Brazzi L, Pelosi P, et al: A trial of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:1025-1032
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1025-1032
    • Gattinoni, L.1    Brazzi, L.2    Pelosi, P.3
  • 72
    • 0033791389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dopexamine on outcome after major abdominal surgery: A prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter study. European Multicenter Study Group on Dopexamine in Major Abdominal Surgery
    • Takala J, Meier-Hellmann A, Eddleston J, et al: Effect of dopexamine on outcome after major abdominal surgery: A prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter study. European Multicenter Study Group on Dopexamine in Major Abdominal Surgery. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:3417-3423
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 3417-3423
    • Takala, J.1    Meier-Hellmann, A.2    Eddleston, J.3
  • 73
    • 2942587148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, randomized controlled trial on the effect of leukocyte-depleted erythrocyte transfusions in cardiac valve surgery
    • Bilgin YM, van de Watering LM, Eijsman L, et al: Double-blind, randomized controlled trial on the effect of leukocyte-depleted erythrocyte transfusions in cardiac valve surgery. Circulation 2004; 109:2755-2760
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 2755-2760
    • Bilgin, Y.M.1    van de Watering, L.M.2    Eijsman, L.3
  • 74
    • 2542638577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of transfusion with red cells filtered to remove leucocytes: Randomised controlled trial in patients undergoing major surgery
    • van Hilten JA, van de Watering LM, van Bockel JH, et al: Effects of transfusion with red cells filtered to remove leucocytes: Randomised controlled trial in patients undergoing major surgery. BMJ 2004; 328:1281
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.328 , pp. 1281
    • van Hilten, J.A.1    van de Watering, L.M.2    van Bockel, J.H.3
  • 75
    • 23444461703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the clinical effectiveness of pulmonary artery catheters in management of patients in intensive care (PAC-Man): A randomised controlled trial
    • Harvey S, Harrison DA, Singer M, et al: Assessment of the clinical effectiveness of pulmonary artery catheters in management of patients in intensive care (PAC-Man): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366:472-477
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 472-477
    • Harvey, S.1    Harrison, D.A.2    Singer, M.3
  • 76
    • 0345283255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: A randomized trial
    • Chastre J, Wolff M, Fagon JY, et al: Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: A randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 290:2588-2598
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 2588-2598
    • Chastre, J.1    Wolff, M.2    Fagon, J.Y.3
  • 77
    • 84926232888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of albumin and saline for fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit
    • Finfer S, Bellomo R, Boyce N, et al: A comparison of albumin and saline for fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:2247-2256
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 2247-2256
    • Finfer, S.1    Bellomo, R.2    Boyce, N.3
  • 78
    • 0343360868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care
    • Hebert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, et al: A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:409-417
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 409-417
    • Hebert, P.C.1    Wells, G.2    Blajchman, M.A.3
  • 79
    • 0028235603 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the quality of randomization from reports of controlled trials published in obstetrics and gynecology journals
    • Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Grimes DA, et al: Assessing the quality of randomization from reports of controlled trials published in obstetrics and gynecology journals. JAMA 1994; 272:125-128
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 125-128
    • Schulz, K.F.1    Chalmers, I.2    Grimes, D.A.3
  • 80
    • 85047692188 scopus 로고
    • Empirical evidence of bias: Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials
    • Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, et al: Empirical evidence of bias: Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. JAMA 1995; 273:408-412
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 408-412
    • Schulz, K.F.1    Chalmers, I.2    Hayes, R.J.3
  • 81
    • 0037125417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The continuing unethical conduct of underpowered clinical trials
    • Halpern SD, Karlawish JH, Berlin JA: The continuing unethical conduct of underpowered clinical trials. JAMA 2002; 288:358-362
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 358-362
    • Halpern, S.D.1    Karlawish, J.H.2    Berlin, J.A.3
  • 82
    • 0037024299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of reporting of randomized trials as a measure of methodologic quality
    • Huwiler-Muntener K, Juni P, Junker C, et al: Quality of reporting of randomized trials as a measure of methodologic quality. JAMA 2002; 287:2801-2804
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 2801-2804
    • Huwiler-Muntener, K.1    Juni, P.2    Junker, C.3
  • 83
    • 0032832318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cause of death in clinical research: Time for a reassessment?
    • Lauer MS, Blackstone EH, Young JB, et al: Cause of death in clinical research: Time for a reassessment? J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 34:618-620
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.34 , pp. 618-620
    • Lauer, M.S.1    Blackstone, E.H.2    Young, J.B.3
  • 84
    • 0018974024 scopus 로고
    • Statistics and ethics in medical research: III How large a sample?
    • Altman DG: Statistics and ethics in medical research: III How large a sample? BMJ 1980; 281:1336-1338
    • (1980) BMJ , vol.281 , pp. 1336-1338
    • Altman, D.G.1
  • 86
    • 34247551170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drotrecogin alfa (activated): Does current evidence support treatment for any patients with severe sepsis?
    • Friedrich JO, Adhikari NK, Meade MO: Drotrecogin alfa (activated): Does current evidence support treatment for any patients with severe sepsis? Crit Care 2006; 10:145
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10 , pp. 145
    • Friedrich, J.O.1    Adhikari, N.K.2    Meade, M.O.3
  • 87
    • 33751548676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of top-performing search strategies for detecting clinically sound treatment studies and systematic reviews in MEDLINE and EMBASE
    • Wong SS, Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB: Comparison of top-performing search strategies for detecting clinically sound treatment studies and systematic reviews in MEDLINE and EMBASE. J Med Libr Assoc 2006; 94:451-455
    • (2006) J Med Libr Assoc , vol.94 , pp. 451-455
    • Wong, S.S.1    Wilczynski, N.L.2    Haynes, R.B.3
  • 88
    • 84970861456 scopus 로고
    • Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews
    • Dickersin K, Scherer R, Lefebvre C: Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews. BMJ 1994; 309:1286-1291
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.309 , pp. 1286-1291
    • Dickersin, K.1    Scherer, R.2    Lefebvre, C.3
  • 89
    • 0032496894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of prolonged methylprednisolone therapy in unresolving respiratory distress syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
    • Meduri GU, Headley AS, Golden E, et al: Effect of prolonged methylprednisolone therapy in unresolving respiratory distress syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998; 280:159-165
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 159-165
    • Meduri, G.U.1    Headley, A.S.2    Golden, E.3
  • 90
    • 0032079550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in the weaning of patients with respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Nava S, Ambrosino N, Clini E, et al: Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in the weaning of patients with respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128:721-728
    • (1998) Ann Intern Med , vol.128 , pp. 721-728
    • Nava, S.1    Ambrosino, N.2    Clini, E.3
  • 91
    • 0041402681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: A European randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Darenberg J, Ihendyane N, Sjolin J, et al: Intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: A European randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37:333-340
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.37 , pp. 333-340
    • Darenberg, J.1    Ihendyane, N.2    Sjolin, J.3
  • 92
    • 0035508509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive proportional assist ventilation for acute respiratory insufficiency. Comparison with pressure support ventilation
    • Gay PC, Hess DR, Hill NS: Noninvasive proportional assist ventilation for acute respiratory insufficiency. Comparison with pressure support ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:1606-1611
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.164 , pp. 1606-1611
    • Gay, P.C.1    Hess, D.R.2    Hill, N.S.3
  • 93
    • 3242775982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock
    • Dellinger RP, Carlet JM, Masur H, et al: Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:858-873
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 858-873
    • Dellinger, R.P.1    Carlet, J.M.2    Masur, H.3
  • 94
    • 1842433745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose inhaled nitric oxide in patients with acute lung injury: A randomized controlled trial
    • Taylor RW, Zimmerman JL, Dellinger RP, et al: Low-dose inhaled nitric oxide in patients with acute lung injury: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291:1603-1609
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 1603-1609
    • Taylor, R.W.1    Zimmerman, J.L.2    Dellinger, R.P.3
  • 95
    • 33646244556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial liquid ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Kacmarek RM, Wiedemann HP, Lavin PT, et al: Partial liquid ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173:882-889
    • (2006) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.173 , pp. 882-889
    • Kacmarek, R.M.1    Wiedemann, H.P.2    Lavin, P.T.3
  • 96
    • 0035094007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the need for observational studies to design and interpret randomized trials in ICU patients: A case study in stress ulcer prophylaxis
    • Cook D, Heyland D, Marshall J: On the need for observational studies to design and interpret randomized trials in ICU patients: A case study in stress ulcer prophylaxis. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27:347-354
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 347-354
    • Cook, D.1    Heyland, D.2    Marshall, J.3
  • 97
    • 33644584325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does dopamine administration in shock influence outcome? Results of the Sepsis Occurrence in Acutely Ill Patients (SOAP) Study
    • Sakr Y, Reinhart K, Vincent JL, et al: Does dopamine administration in shock influence outcome? Results of the Sepsis Occurrence in Acutely Ill Patients (SOAP) Study. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:589-597
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 589-597
    • Sakr, Y.1    Reinhart, K.2    Vincent, J.L.3
  • 98
    • 0346099113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma related to gravitational challenge: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials
    • Smith GC, Pell JP: Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma related to gravitational challenge: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2003; 327:1459-1461
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , pp. 1459-1461
    • Smith, G.C.1    Pell, J.P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.