Capturing and holding attention: The impact of emotional words in rapid serial visual presentation

Memory and Cognition

Volumn 36, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 182-200

  Mathewson, Karen J ^a   Arnell, Karen M ^a   Mansfield, Craig A ^a  

^a BROCK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; AROUSAL; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; EYELID REFLEX; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; NORMAL HUMAN; VISUAL STIMULATION; WORD RECOGNITION; AFFECT; AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; LINGUISTICS; PHYSIOLOGY; REACTION TIME; SEMANTICS; VISION;

AFFECT; AMYGDALA; AROUSAL; ATTENTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; REACTION TIME; SEMANTICS; VISUAL PERCEPTION; VOCABULARY;

EID: 41649110861     PISSN: 0090502X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/MC.36.1.182     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. ANDERSON, A. K. (2005). Affective influences on the attentional dynamics supporting awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134, 258-281.
2. ANDERSON, A. K., & PHELPS, E. A. (2001). Lesions of the human amygdala impair enhanced perception of emotionally salient events. Nature, 411, 305-309.
3. AQUINO, J. M., & ARNELL, K. M. (2007). Attention and the processing of emotional words: Dissociating effects of arousal. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 430-435.
4. ARNELL, K. M., KILLMAN, K. V., & FIJAVZ, D. (2007). Blinded by emotion: Target misses follow attention capture by arousing distractors in RSVP. Emotion, 7, 465-477.
5. BARNARD, P. J., RAMPONI, G., BATTYE, G., & MACKINTOSH, B. (2005). Anxiety and the deployment of visual attention over time. Visual Cognition, 12, 181-211.
6. BARNARD, P. J., SCOTT, S., TAYLOR, J., MAY, J., & KNIGHTLEY, W. (2004). Paying attention to meaning. Psychological Science, 15, 179-186.
7. BROADBENT, D., & BROADBENT, M. (1987). Anxiety and attentional bias: State and trait. Cognition & Emotion, 2, 165-183.
8. CAHILL, L., & MCGAUGH, J. L. (1995). A novel demonstration of enhanced memory associated with emotional arousal. Consciousness & Cognition, 4, 410-421.
9. CAHILL, L., & MCGAUGH, J. L. (1998). Mechanisms of emotional arousal and lasting declarative memory. Trends in Neurosciences, 21, 294-299.
10. CANLI, T., ZHAO, Z., BREWER, J., GABRIELI, J. D. E., & CAHILL, L. (2000). Event-related activation in the human amygdala associates with later memory for individual emotional experience. Journal of Neuroscience, 20, RC99-RC103.
11. CARRASCO, M., & MCELREE, B. (2001). Covert attention accelerates the rate of visual information processing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98, 5363-5367.
12. CHUN, M. M., & POTTER, M. C. (1995). A two-stage model for multiple target detection in rapid serial visual presentation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 21, 109-127.
13. COMPTON, R. J., BANICH, M. T., MOHANTY, A., MILHAM, M. P., HERRINGTON, J., MILLER, G. A., ET AL. (2003). Paying attention to emotion: An fMRI investigation of cognitive and emotional Stroop tasks. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 3, 81-96.
14. DIJKSTERHUIS, A., & AARTS, H. (2003). On wildebeests and humans: The preferential detection of negative stimuli. Psychological Science, 14, 14-18.
15. DILLON, D. G., COOPER, J. J., GRENT-'T- JONG, T., WOLDORFF, M. G., & LABAR, K. S. (2006). Dissociation of event-related potentials indexing arousal and semantic cohesion during emotional word encoding. Brain & Cognition, 62, 43-57.
16. GOTLIB, I. H., & MCCANN, C. D. (1984). Construct accessibility and depression: An examination of cognitive and affective factors. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 47, 427-439.
17. HAMANN, S. [B.] (2001). Cognitive and neural mechanisms of emotional memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 394-400.
18. HAMANN, S. B., ELY, T. D., GRAFTON, S. T., & KILTS, C. D. (1999). Amygdala activity related to enhanced memory for pleasant and aversive stimuli. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 289-293.
19. HARRIS, C. R., & PASHLER, H. [E.] (2004). Attention and the processing of emotional words and names: Not so special after all. Psychological Science, 15, 171-178.
20. HARRIS, C. R., PASHLER, H. E., & COBURN, N. (2004). Moray revisited: High-priority affective stimuli and visual search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57A, 1-31.
21. HOMMEL, B., & DOELLER, C. F. (2005). Selection and consolidation of objects and actions. Psychological Research, 69, 157-166.
22. ITO, T. A., LARSEN, J. T., SMITH, N. K., & CACIOPPO, J. T. (1998). Negative information weighs more heavily on the brain: The negativity bias in evaluative categorizations. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 75, 887-900.
23. JOLICœUR, P. (1999). Dual-task interference and visual encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 25, 596-616.
24. KEIL, A., & IHSSEN, N. (2004). Identification facilitation for emotionally arousing verbs during the attentional blink. Emotion, 4, 23-35.
25. KEIL, A., IHSSEN, N., & HEIM, S. (2006). Early cortical facilitation for emotionally arousing targets during the attentional blink. BMC Biology, 4, 23.
26. KENSINGER, E. A., & CORKIN, S. (2004). Two routes to emotional memory: Distinct neural processes for valence and arousal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101, 3310-3315.
27. KUČERA, H., & FRANCIS, W. N. (1967). Computational analysis of present-day American English. Providence, RI: Brown University Press.
28. LABAR, K. S., & CABEZA, R. (2006). Cognitive neuroscience of emotional memory. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 54-64.
29. LABAR, K. S., & PHELPS, E. A. (1998). Arousal-mediated memory consolidation: Role of the medial temporal lobe in humans. Psychological Science, 9, 490-493.
30. LANG, P. J. (1995). The emotion probe: Studies of motivation and attention. American Psychologist, 50, 372-385.
31. LANG, P. J., GREENWALD, M. K., BRADLEY, M. M., & HAMM, A. O. (1993). Looking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral and behavioral reactions. Psychophysiology, 30, 261-273.
32. LEDOUX, J. E. (2000). Emotion circuits in the brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 23, 155-184.
33. LUCK, S. J., VOGEL, E. K., & SHAPIRO, K. L. (1996). Word meanings can be accessed but not reported during the attentional blink. Nature, 383, 616-618.
34. MACK, A., & ROCK, I. (1998). Inattentional blindness. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
35. MACKAY, D. G., SHAFTO, M., TAYLOR, J. K., MARIAN, D. E., ABRAMS, L., & DYER, J. R. (2004). Relations between emotion, memory and attention: Evidence from taboo Stroop, lexical decision and immediate memory tasks. Memory & Cognition, 32, 474-488.
36. MACLEOD, C., MATHEWS, A., & TATA, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 15-20.
37. MAKI, W. S., FRIGEN, K., & PAULSON, K. (1997). Associative priming by targets and distractors during rapid serial visual presentation: Does word meaning survive the attentional blink? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 23, 1014-1034.
38. MALJKOVIC, V., & MARTINI, P. (2005). Short-term memory for scenes with affective content. Journal of Vision, 5, 215-229.
39. MEHRABIAN, A. (1991). Outline of a general emotion-based theory of temperament. In J. Strelau & A. Angleitner (Eds.), Explorations in temperament: International perspectives on theory and measurement (pp. 75-86). New York: Plenum.
40. MEHRABIAN, A. (1997). Comparison of the PAD and PANAS as models for describing emotions and for differentiating anxiety from depression. Journal of Psychopathology & Behavioral Assessment, 19, 331-357.
41. MOGG, K., BRADLEY, B. P., DE BONO, J., & PAINTER, M. (1997). Time course of attentional bias for threat information in non-clinical anxiety. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 35, 297-303.
42. MORRIS, J. S., ÖHMAN, A., & DOLAN, R. J. (1998). Conscious and unconscious emotional learning in the human amygdala. Nature, 393, 467-470.
43. MOST, S. B., CHUN, M. M., WIDDERS, D. M., & ZALD, D. H. (2005). Attentional rubbernecking: Cognitive control and personality in emotion-induced blindness. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 654-661.
44. MOST, S. B., SCHOLL, B. J., CLIFFORD, E. R., & SIMONS, D. J. (2005). What you see is what you set: Sustained inattentional blindness and the capture of awareness. Psychological Review, 112, 217-242.
45. MOST, S. B., SMITH, S. D., COOTER, A. B., LEVY, B. N., & ZALD, D. H. (2007). The naked truth: Positive, arousing distractors impair rapid target perception. Cognition & Emotion, 21, 964-981.
46. OLSON, I. R., CHUN, M. M., & ANDERSON, A. K. (2001). Effects of phonological length on the attentional blink for words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 27, 1116-1123.
47. PRATTO, F., & JOHN, O. P. (1991). Automatic vigilance: The attention-grabbing power of negative social information. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 61, 380-391.
48. RAYMOND, J. E., SHAPIRO, K. L., & ARNELL, K. M. (1992). Temporary suppression of visual processing in an RSVP task: An attentional blink? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 18, 849-860.
49. RUSSELL, J. A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 39, 1161-1178.
50. SCHERER, K. R. (2001). Appraisal considered as a process of multilevel sequential checking. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 92-120). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
51. SCHERER, K. R., DAN, E. S., & FLYKT, A. (2006). What determines a feeling's position in affective space? A case for appraisal. Cognition & Emotion, 20, 92-113.
52. SCHIMMACK, U. (2005). Attentional interference effects of emotional pictures: Threat, negativity, or arousal? Emotion, 5, 55-66.
53. SCHNEIDER, W., ESCHMAN, A., & ZUCCOLOTTO, A. (2002). E-Prime user's guide. Pittsburgh, PA: Psychology Software Tools, Inc.
54. SHAPIRO, K. [L.], DRIVER, J., WARD, R., & SORENSEN, R. E. (1997). Priming from the attentional blink: A failure to extract visual tokens but not visual types. Psychological Science, 8, 95-100.
55. SHAPIRO, K. [L.], SCHMITZ, F., MARTENS, S., HOMMEL, B., & SCHNITZLER, A. (2006). Resource sharing in the attentional blink. NeuroReport, 17, 163-166.
56. SHAROT, T., & PHELPS, E. A. (2004). How arousal modulates memory: Disentangling the effects of attention and retention. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 4, 294-306.
57. STORMARK, K. M., NORDBY, H., & HUGDAHL, K. (1995). Attentional shifts to emotionally charged cues: Behavioural and ERP data. Cognition & Emotion, 9, 507-523.
58. VUILLEUMIER, P. (2005). How brains beware: Neural mechanisms of emotional attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 585-594.
59. WHALEN, P. J., BUSH, G., MCNALLY, R. J., WILHELM, S., MCINERNEY, S. C., JENIKE, M. A., & RAUCH, S. L. (1998). The emotional counting Stroop paradigm: A functional magnetic resonance imaging probe of the anterior cingulate affective division. Biological Psychiatry, 44, 1219-1228.
60. WHALEN, P. J., RAUCH, S. L., ETCOFF, N. L., MCINERNEY, S. C., LEE, M. B., & JENIKE, M. A. (1998). Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdala activity without explicit knowledge. Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 411-418.
61. WILLIAMS, J. M. G., MATHEWS, A., & MACLEOD, C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 3-24.
62. ZIGMOND, A. S., & SNAITH, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361-370.