Mentors' Perceptions of Negative Mentoring Experiences: Scale Development and Nomological Validation

Journal of Applied Psychology

Volumn 93, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 358-373

  Eby, Lillian T ^a   Durley, Jaime R ^a   Evans, Sarah C ^a   Ragins, Belle Rose ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE   (United States)

Author keywords

mentor; mentoring relationships; prot g ; scale development; social exchange

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY; PERCEPTION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; TEACHER; VALIDATION STUDY; WORKPLACE;

ADULT; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MENTORS; MIDDLE AGED; QUESTIONNAIRES; SOCIAL PERCEPTION; WORKPLACE;

EID: 41549100478     PISSN: 00219010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.2.358     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Allen T.D., Day R., and Lentz E. The role of interpersonal comfort in mentoring relationships. Journal of Career Development 31 (2005) 155-169
2. Allen T.D., and Eby L.T. Relationship effectiveness for mentors: Factors associated with learning and quality. Journal of Management 29 (2003) 469-486
3. Bagozzi R.P., and Heatherton T.F. A general approach to representing multifaceted personality constructs: Application to state self-esteem. Structural Equations Modeling 1 (1994) 35-67
4. Bakker A.B., Schaufeli W.B., Sixma H.J., Bosveld W., and van Dierendonck D. Patient demands, lack of reciprocity, and burnout: A five-year longitudinal study among general practitioners. Journal of Organizational Behavior 21 (2000) 425-441
5. Blau P.M. Exchange and power in social life (1964), Wiley, New York
6. Bolino M.C., and Turnley W.H. Measuring impression management in organizations: A scale development based on the Jones and Pittman Taxonomy. Organizational Research Methods 2 (1999) 187-206
7. Cammann, C., Fichman, M., Jenkins, D., & Klesh, J. (1979). The Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire. Unpublished manuscript, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
8. Campbell D.T., and Fiske D.W. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin 56 (1959) 81-103
9. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. [The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching home page] (2004). http://www.carnegiefoundation.org Retrieved January 18, 2006, from http://www.carnegiefoundation.org
10. Chou C., and Bentler P.M. Estimates and tests in structural equation modeling. In: Hoyle T.H. (Ed). Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (1995), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 37-55
11. Cohen J. Statistical power for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. (1988), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
12. Cohen J., and Cohen P. Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. (1983), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
13. Cronbach L.J., and Meehl P.E. Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin 52 (1955) 281-302
14. Dillman D.A. Mail and internet surveys (2000), Wiley, New York
15. Duck S. The role of theory in the examination of relationship loss. In: Orbuch T.L. (Ed). Close relationship loss: Theoretical approaches (1992), Springer-Verlag, New York 3-27
16. Duck S. Strategems, spoils, and the serpent's tooth: On the delights and dilemmas of personal relationships. In: Cupach W.R., and Spitzberg B.H. (Eds). The dark side of interpersonal communication (1994), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 3-24
17. Eby L.T., and Allen T.D. Further investigation of protégés' negative mentoring experiences: Patterns and outcomes. Group and Organization Management 27 (2002) 456-479
18. Eby L.T., Butts M.M., Lockwood A., and Simon S.A. Protégés' negative mentoring experiences: Construct development and nomological validation. Personnel Psychology 57 (2004) 411-447
19. Eby L.T., Durley J., Evans S.C., and Ragins B.R. The relationship between short-term mentoring benefits and long-term mentor outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior 69 (2006) 424-444
20. Eby L.T., and Lockwood A. Protégés' and mentors' reactions to participating in a formal mentoring program: A qualitative investigation. Journal of Vocational Behavior 67 (2005) 441-458
21. Eby L.T., Lockwood A., and Butts M.M. Perceived support for mentoring: A multiple perspectives approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior 68 (2006) 267-291
22. Eby L.T., and McManus S.E. The protégé's role in negative mentoring experiences. Journal of Vocational Behavior 65 (2004) 255-275
23. Eby L.T., McManus S.E., Simon S.A., and Russell J.E.A. The protégé's perspective regarding negative mentoring experiences: The development of a taxonomy. Journal of Vocational Behavior 57 (2000) 1-21
24. Ensher E.A., Thomas C., and Murphy S.E. Comparison of traditional, step-ahead, and peer mentoring on protégés' support, satisfaction, and perceptions of career success: A social exchange perspective. Journal of Business and Psychology 15 (2001) 419-438
25. Feldman D.C. Toxic mentors or toxic protégés? A critical re-examination of dysfunctional mentoring. Human Resource Management Review 9 (1999) 247-278
26. Fitzgerald L.F., Gelfand M.J., and Drasgow F. Measuring sexual harassment: Theoretical and psychometric advances. Basic & Applied Social Psychology 17 (1995) 425-445
27. Fletcher J.K., and Ragins B.R. Stone Center Relational Cultural Theory: A window on relational mentoring. In: Ragins B.R., and Kram K.E. (Eds). Handbook of mentoring at work: Theory, research, and practice (2007), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 373-399
28. Halbesleben J.R.B., and Bowler W.M. Emotional exhaustion and job performance: The mediating role of motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology 92 (2007) 93-106
29. Hinde R.A. The bases of a science of interpersonal relationships. In: Duck S., and Gilmour R. (Eds). Personal relationships: 1. Studying relationships (1981), Academic Press, London 1-22
30. Hinkin T.R., and Tracey J.B. An analysis of variance approach to content validation. Organizational Research Methods 2 (1999) 175-186
31. Hoffer T.B., Welch V.J., Williams K., Hess M., Webber K., Lisek B., et al. Doctorate recipients from United States universities: Summary report 2004 (2005), National Opinion Research Center, Chicago
32. Hu L., and Bentler P.M. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equations Modeling 6 (1999) 1-55
33. Huston T.L., and Burgess R.L. Social exchange in developing relationships: An overview. In: Huston T.L., and Burgess R.L. (Eds). Social exchanges in developing relationships (1979), Academic Press, New York 3-28
34. Kacmar K.M., and Ferris G.R. Perceptions of Organizational Politics Scale (POPS): Development and construct validation. Educational & Psychological Measurement 51 (1991) 193-205
35. Kram K.E. Mentoring at work (1985), Scott, Foresman and Company, Glenview, IL
36. LaBianca G., and Brass D.J. Exploring the social ledger: Negative relationships and negative asymmetry in social networks in organizations. Academy of Management Review 31 (2006) 596-614
37. Landis R.S., Beal D.J., and Tesluk P.E. A comparison of approaches to forming composite measures in structural equation models. Organizational Research Methods 3 (2000) 186-207
38. Lee R.T., and Ashforth B.E. A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology 81 (1996) 122-133
39. Levinger G. A social exchange view on the dissolution of pair relationships. In: Burgess R.L., and Huston T.L. (Eds). Social exchanges developing relationships (1979), Academic Press, New York 169-196
40. Levinger G. Development and change. In: Kelley H., et al. (Ed). Close relationships (1983), W. H. Freeman and Company, New York 315-359
41. Levinger G. Duty toward whom? Reconsidering attractions and barriers as determinants of commitment in a relationship. In: Adams J.M., and Jones W.H. (Eds). Handbook of interpersonal commitment and relationship stability (1999), Kluwer, New York 37-52
42. Maslach C., Jackson S.E., and Leiter M.P. Maslach Burnout Inventory manual (1996), Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA
43. Messick S. Validity of psychological assessment. American Psychologist 35 (1995) 1012-1027
44. Miller C.C., Cardinal L.B., and Glick W.H. Retrospective reports in organizational research: A reexamination of recent evidence. Academy of Management Journal 40 (1997) 189-204
45. Miller J.B., and Stiver I. The healing connection (1997), Beacon Press, Boston, MA
46. Pierce G.R., Sarason I.G., and Sarason B.R. General and relationship-based perceptions of social support: Are two constructs better than one?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 61 (1991) 1028-1039
47. Podsakoff P.M., MacKenzie S.B., Lee J., and Podsakoff N.F. Common method bias in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology 88 (2003) 879-903
48. Quinn R.P., and Staines G.L. The 1977 quality of employment survey (1979), Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
49. Ragins B.R., and Cotton J.L. Mentor functions and outcomes: A comparison of men and women in formal and informal mentoring relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology 84 (1999) 529-550
50. Ragins B.R., Cotton J.L., and Miller J.S. Marginal mentoring: The effects of type of mentor, quality of relationship, and program design on work and career attitudes. Academy of Management Journal 43 (2000) 1177-1194
51. Ragins B.R., and McFarlin D.B. Perceptions of mentor roles in cross-gender mentoring relationships. Journal of Vocational Behavior 37 (1990) 321-339
52. Ragins B.R., and Scandura T.A. The way we were: Gender and the termination of mentoring relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology 82 (1997) 945-953
53. Ragins B.R., and Scandura T.A. Burden or blessing: Expected costs and benefits of being a mentor. Journal of Organizational Behavior 20 (1999) 493-509
54. Rusbult C.E. A longitudinal test of the investment model: The development (and deterioration) of satisfaction and commitment in heterosexual involvements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45 (1983) 101-117
55. Scandura T.A. Dysfunctional mentoring relationships and outcomes. Journal of Management 24 (1998) 449-467
56. Schaufeli W.B. The balance of give and take: Toward a social exchange model of burnout. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale 1 (2006) 87-131
57. Schaufeli W.B., van Dierendonck D., and van Gorp K. Burnout and reciprocity: Toward a dual-level social exchange model. Work and Stress 10 (1996) 225-237
58. Schriesheim C.A., Powers K.J., Scandura T.A., Gardiner C.C., and Lankau M.J. Improving construct measurement in management research: Comments and a quantitative approach for assessing the theoretical content adequacy of paper-and-pencil survey-type instruments. Journal of Management 19 (1993) 385-417
59. Sprecher S. Social exchange perceptions on the dissolution of close relationships. In: Orbuch T.L. (Ed). Close relationship loss (1992), Springer-Verlag, New York 47-66
60. Thibaut J.W., and Kelley H.H. The social psychology of groups (1959), Wiley, New York
61. Watson D., Clark L.A., and Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 (1988) 1063-1070
62. Widaman K.F. Hierarchically nested covariance structure models for multitrait-multimethod data. Applied Psychological Measurement 9 (1985) 1-26
63. Young A.M., and Perrewé P.L. What did you expect? An examination of career-related support and social support among mentors and protégés. Journal of Management 26 (2000) 611-632