Risks to farm animals from pathogens in composted catering waste containing meat

Veterinary Record

Volumn 155, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 77-82

  Gale, P ^a  

^a NONE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ARTICLE; CARCASS; CATERING SERVICE; COMPOST; COMPOSTING; CONTROLLED STUDY; COOKING; DESTRUCTION; DILUTION; GRAZING; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HIGH TEMPERATURE; INFECTION RISK; MEAT; MICROORGANISM; NONHUMAN; PESTIVIRUS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK MANAGEMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SEPARATION TECHNIQUE; SOIL; STATISTICAL MODEL; TIME; UNITED KINGDOM; VIRUS INFECTION; WASTE DISPOSAL;

AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS; ANIMALIA; BOVINAE; CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER VIRUS; FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS; PESTIVIRUS; SUS SCROFA;

EID: 4143113623     PISSN: 00424900     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/vr.155.3.77     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. ANON (2003) Animal By-Products Regulations, Statutory Instrument 2003, Number 1482. www.legislation.hmso.gov.uk/si/si2003/20031482.htm. Accessed April 16, 2004.
2. BENDIXEN, H. J. (1999) Hygienic safety - results of scientific investigations in Denmark (sanitation requirements in Danish biogas plants). In IEA Bio-energy Workshop. Hygienic and Environmental Aspects of Anaerobic Digestion. Stuttgart, Germany, March 1999. pp 27-47
3. BERRY, E. D. & KOOHMARAIE, M. (2001) Effect of different levels of beef bacterial microflora on the growth and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on beef carcass tissue. Journal of Food Protection 64, 1138-1144
4. BROWN, P. & GAJDUSEK, D.C. (1991) Survival of scrapie virus after 3 years' internment. Lancet 337, 269-270
5. CORSO, B. (1997) Likelihood of introducing selected exotic diseases to domestic swine in the continental United States of America through uncooked swill. Revue Scientifique et Technique - Office Internationale des Epizooties 16, 199-206
6. DAHLE, J. & LIESS, B. (1992) A review on classical swine fever infections in pigs: epizootiology, clinical disease and pathology. Comparative Immunology and Microbiology of Infectious Disease 15, 203-211
7. DEFRA (2000) National Food Survey. Household Consumption of Selected Foods by Household Composition. www.defra.gov.uk/esg/work_htm/publications/cf/nfs/72web.xls. Accessed January 24, 2002
8. DET NORSKE VERITAS (1997) Assessment of Risk from Possible BSE Infectivity in Dorsal Root Ganglia. Report to Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and the Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee. Ref C7831. London, Det Norske Veritas
9. DONALDSON, A. I. (1997) Risk of spreading foot and mouth disease through milk and dairy products. Revue Scientifique et Technique - Office Internationale des Epizooties 16, 117-124
10. DOYLE, M. P. & SCHOENI, J. L. (1987) Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from retail fresh meats and poultry. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53, 2394-2396
11. EC (1997) European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances. User Manual. EUR 17308 EN. Joint Research Centre, European Commission. Ispra, European Chemicals Bureau
12. FAREZ, S. & MORLEY, R. S. (1997) Potential animal health hazards of pork and pork products. Revue Scientifique et Technique - Office Internationale des Epizooties 16, 75-78
13. FOOD STANDARDS AGENCY (2003) BSE: Facts and Figures. www.foodstandards.gov.uk/bse/facts/. Accessed July 25, 2003
14. GALE, P. (1998) Quantitative BSE risk assessment: relating exposures to risk. Letters in Applied Microbiology 27, 239-242
15. GALE, P. (2001a) Microbiological risk assessment. In Risk Assessment for Environmental Professionals. Eds S. Pollard, J. Guy. Lavenham, Lavenham Press. pp 81-90
16. GALE, P. (2001b) A review: developments in microbiological risk assessment for drinking water. Journal of Applied Microbiology 91, 191-205
17. GALE, P. (2002a) Risk Assessment: Use of Composting and Biogas Treatment to Dispose of Catering Waste Containing Meat. Final Report to the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/by-prods/publicat/report5.pdf. Accessed June 1, 2002
18. GALE, P. (2002b) Using risk assessment to identify future research requirements. Journal of the American Water Works Association 94, 30-38
19. GALE, P. (2003) Using event trees to quantify pathogen levels on root crops from land application of treated sewage sludge. Journal of Applied Microbiology 94, 35-47
20. GALE, P. & STANFIELD, G. (2000) Cryptosporidium during a simulated outbreak. Journal of the American Water Works Association 92, 105-116
21. GALE, P. & STANFIELD, G. (2001) Towards a quantitative risk assessment for BSE in sewage sludge. Journal of Applied Microbiology 91, 563-569
22. HAAS, B., AHL, R., BOHM, R. & STRAUCH, D. (1995) Inactivation of viruses in liquid manure. Revue Scientifique et Technique - Office Internationale des Epizooties 14, 435-445
23. HAAS, C. N. (1996) How to average microbial densities to characterize risk. Water Research 30, 1036-1038
24. HARRISON, W. A., GRIFFITH, C. J., TENNANT, D. & PETERS, A. C. (2001) Incidence of Campylobacter and Salmonella isolated from retail chicken and associated packaging in South Wales. Letters in Applied Microbiology 33, 450-454
25. HAUG, R. T. (1993) Kinetics of heat inactivation. In The Practical Handbook of Compost Engineering. London, Lewis Publishers. pp 161-203
26. HERNIMAN, K. A. J., MEDHURST, P. M., WILSON, J. N. & SELLERS, R. F. (1973) The action of heat, chemicals and disinfectants on swine vesicular disease virus. Veterinary Record 93, 620-624
27. LIESS, B. (1987) Pathogenesis and epidemiology of hog cholera. Annales de Recherches Veterinaires 18, 139-145
28. MACDIARMID, S. C. (1991) The Importation into New Zealand of Meat and Meat Products: a Review of the Risks to Animal Health. National Agricultural Security Service Publication Number 91-2. Wellington, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries
29. MCVICAR, J. W. (1984) Quantitative aspects of the transmission of African swine fever. American Journal of Veterinary Research 45, 1535-1541
30. MAFF, THE SCOTTISH OFFICE AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOR NORTHERN IRELAND & WELSH OFFICE (1997) The Digest of Agricultural Census Statistics, United Kingdom, 1996. London, The Stationery Office
31. PLOWRIGHT, W. & PARKER, J. (1967) The stability of African swine fever virus with particular reference to heat and pH inactivation. Archives Gesamte Virusforschung 21, 383-402
32. ROHWER, R. G. (1984) Virus-like sensitivity of the scrapie agent to heat inactivation Science 223, 600-602
33. ROWELL, D. L. (1997) The arrangement of particles and pores: soil structure. In soil Science, Methods and Applications. Harlow, Addison Wesley Longman. pp 60-78
34. SELLERS, R. F. (1971) Quantitative aspects of the spread of foot and mouth disease. Veterinary Bulletin 41, 431-439
35. SLATER, R. A., FREDERICKSON, J. & GILBERT, E. J. (2000) The State of Composting 1999. Results of The Composting Association's Survey of UK Composting Facilities and Collection Systems in 1999. Wellingborough, Composting Association. p 40
36. SLOB, W. (1994) Uncertainty analysis in multiplicative models. Risk Analysis 14, 571-576
37. SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY ADVISORY COMMITTEE (2000) Public summary of meeting on November 28, 2000. www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse/bse-science/seac/seac1100.html. Accessed November 15, 2001
38. SUTMOLLER, P. & VOSE, D. J. (1997) Contamination of animal products: the minimum pathogen dose required to initiate infection. Revue Scientifique et Technique - Office Internationale des Epizooties 16, 30-32
39. TURNER, C., WILLIAMS, S. M., BURTON, C. H., CUMBY, T. R., WILKINSON, P. J. & FARRENT, J. W. (1999) Pilot scale thermal treatment of pig slurry for the inactivation of animal virus pathogens. Journal of Environmental Science and Health B34, 989-1007
40. TURNER, C., WILLIAMS, S. M. & CUMBY, T. R. (2000) The inactivation of footh and mouth disease, Aujeszky's disease and classical swine fever viruses in pig slurry. Journal of Applied Microbiology 89, 760-767
41. WILESMITH, J. W., RYAN, J. B. M. & ATKINSON, M. J. (1991) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological studies on the origin. Veterinary Record 128, 199-203