Temperatures, polar mesosphere summer echoes, and noctilucent clouds over Spitsbergen (78°N)

Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres

Volumn 109, Issue 11, 2004, Pages

  Lübken, Franz Josef ^a   Zecha, Marius ^a   Höffner, Josef ^a   Röttger, Jürgen ^b  

^a LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS   (Germany)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR SONNENSYSTEMFORSCHUNG   (Germany)

Author keywords

NLC; PMSE; Temperature

Indexed keywords

AIR TEMPERATURE; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; ICE CRYSTAL; MIXING RATIO; NOCTILUCENT CLOUD; POLAR MESOSPHERE SUMMER ECHO; WATER VAPOR;

ARCTIC; SPITSBERGEN; SVALBARD; SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN;

EID: 4143110275     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003JD004247     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Berger, U., and U. von Zahn (2002), Icy particles in the summer mesopause region: Three-dimensional modeling of their environment and two-dimensional modeling of their transport, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A11), 1366, doi:10.1029/2001JA000316.
2. Blix, T. A., M. Rapp, and F. J. Lübken (2003), Relations between small-scale electron number density fluctuations, radar backscatter, and charged aerosol particles, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 8450, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD002430.
3. Cho, J. Y. N., and J. Röttger (1997), An updated review of polar mesosphere summer echoes: Observation, theory, and their relationship to noctilucent clouds and subvisible aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 2001-2020.
4. Cho, J. Y. N., T. M. Hall, and M. C. Kelley (1992), On the role of charged aerosols in polar mesosphere summer echoes, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 875-886.
5. Czechowsky, P., J. Klostermeyer, J. Röttger, R. Rüster, and G. Schmidt (1998), The SOUSY-Svalbard-Radar for middle and lower atmosphere research in the polar region, in Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Technical and Scientific Aspects of MST Radar, edited by B. Edwards, pp. 318-321, SCOSTEP, Boulder, Colo.
6. Fiedler, J., G. Baumgarten, and G. von Cossart (2003), Noctilucent clouds above ALOMAR between 1997 and 2001: Occurrence and properties, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 8453, doi:10.1029/2002JD002419.
7. Fricke-Begemann, C., M. Alpers, and J. Höffner (2002), Daylight rejection with a new receiver for potassium resonance temperature lidars, Opt. Lett., 27(21), 1932-1934.
8. Gadsden, M. (1981), The silver-blue cloudlets again: Nucleation and growth of ice in the mesosphere, Planet. Space Sci., 29, 1079-1087.
9. Gadsden, M., and W. Schröder (1989), Noctilucent Clouds, Springer-Verlag, New York.
10. Hansen, G., M. Serwazi, and U. von Zahn (1989), First detection of a noctilucent cloud by lidar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 1445-1448.
11. Hill, R. J., D. E. Gibson-Wilde, J. A. Werne, and D. C. Fritts (1999), Turbulence-induced fluctuations in ionization and application to PMSE, Earth Planet Space, 51, 499-513.
12. Höffner, J., C. Fricke-Begemann, and F.-J. Lübken (2003), First observarions of noctilucent clouds by lidar at Svalbard, 78°N, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1101-1111.
13. Kelley, M. C., D. T. Farley, and J. Röttger (1987), The effect of cluster ions on anomalous VHF backscatter from the summer polar mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 1031-1034.
14. Kömer, U., and G. R. Sonnemann (2001), Global three-dimensional modeling of the water vapor concentration of the mesosphere-mesopause region and implications with respect to the noctilucent cloud region, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 9639-9651.
15. Lie-Svendson, ø., T. A. Blix, U.-P. Hoppe, and E. V. Thrane (2003 , Modeling the plasma response to small-scale aerosol particle perturbations in the mesopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 8442, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD002753.
16. Lübken, F.-J., and A. Müllemann (2003), First in situ temperature measurements in the summer mesosphere at very high latitudes (78°N), J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 8448, doi: 10. 1029/20021DO02414.
17. Lülbken, F.-J., G. Lehmacher, T. Blix, U.-P. Hoppe, E. Thrane, J. Cho, and W. Swartz (1993), First in-situ observations of neutral and plasma density fluctuations within a PMSE layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2311-2314.
18. Lübken, F.-J., M. Rapp, and P. Hoffmann (2002), Neutral air turbulence and temperatures in the vicinity of polar mesosphere summer echoes, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D15), 4273, doi:10.1029/2001JD000915.
19. Mauersberger, K., and D. Krankowsky (2003), Vapor pressure above ice at temperatures below 170 K, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(3), 1121, doi:10.1029/ 2002GLO16183.
20. McHugh, M., M. Hervig, B. Magill, R. E. Thompson, E. Remsberg, J. Wrotny, and J. Russell III (2003), Improved mesospheric temperature, water vapor and polar mesospheric cloud extinctions from HALOE Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(8), 1440, doi:10.1029/2002GLO16859.
21. Nussbaumer, V, K.-H. Fricke, M. Langer, W Singer, and U. von Zahn (1996), First simultaneous and common-volume observations of NLC and PMSE by lidar and radar, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,161-19,167.
22. Rapp, M., and F.-J. Lübken (2003), On the nature of PMSE: Electron diffusion in the vicinity of charged particles revisited, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 8437, doi: 10. 1029/2002JD002857.
23. Rapp, M., J. Gumbel, F.-J. Lübken, and R. Latteck (2002a), D region electron number density limits for the existence of polar mesosphere summer echoes, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D19), 4187, doi:10.1029/ 2001JD001323.
24. Rapp, M., F.-J. Lübken, A. Müllemann, G. Thomas, and E. Jensen (2002b), Small-scale temperature variations in the vicinity of NLC: Experimental and model results, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D19), 4392, doi:10.1029/ 2001JD001241.
25. Rapp, M., F.-J. Lübken, P. Hoffmann, R. Latteck, G. Baumgarten, and T. Blix (2003), PMSE dependence on aerosol charge number density and aerosol size, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 8441, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD002650.
26. Röttger, J. (1994), Polar mesosphere summer echoes: Dynamics and aeronomy of the mesosphere, Adv. Space Res., 14(9), 123-137.
27. Röttger, J. (2001), Observations of the polar D-region and the mesosphere with the EISCAT Svalbard Radar and the SOUSY Svalbard Radar, Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res., 54, 9-20.
28. Rülster, R., J. Röttger, G. Schmidt P. Czechowsky, and J. Klostermeyer (2001), Observations of mesospheric summer echos at VHF in the polar cap region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1471-1474.
29. Schmidlin, F. J. (1991), The inflatable sphere: A technique for the accurate measurement of middle atmosphere temperatures, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22,673-22,682.
30. Thayer, J. P., M. Rapp, A. J. Gerrard, E. Gudmundsson, and T. J. Kane (2003), Gravity-wave influences on Arctic mesospheric clouds as determined by a Rayleigh lidar at Sondrestrom, Greenland, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 8449, doi:10.1029/2002JD002363.
31. von Cossart G., J. Fiedler, and U. von Zahn (1999), Size distributions of NLC particles as determined from 3-color observations of NLC by ground-based lidar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1513-1516.
32. von Zahn, U., and U. Berger (2003), Persistent ice cloud in the midsummer upper mesosphere at high latitudes: Three-dimensional modeling and cloud interactions with ambient water vapor, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 8451, doi:10.1029/2002JD002409.
33. von Zahn, U., and J. Bremer (1999), Simultaneous and common-volume observations of noctilucent clouds and polar mesosphere summer echoes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1521-1524.
34. von Zahn, U., and J. Höffner (1996), Mesopause temperature profiling by potassium lidar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 141-144.