메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 109, Issue 11, 2004, Pages

Spectroscopic measurements of NO2 in a Colorado thunderstorm: Determination of the mean production by cloud-to-ground lightning flashes

Author keywords

Lightning; NOx; Spectroscopy

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY; CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING; MEASUREMENT METHOD; NITROGEN OXIDES; SPECTROSCOPY; THUNDERSTORM;

EID: 4143108028     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003JD004158     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0029477853 scopus 로고
    • Regional estimates of lightning production of nitrogen oxides
    • Biazar, A. P., and R. T. McNider (1995), Regional estimates of lightning production of nitrogen oxides, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D11), 22,861-22,874.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , Issue.D11 , pp. 22861-22874
    • Biazar, A.P.1    McNider, R.T.2
  • 3
    • 0035104722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined satellite- and surface-based estimation of the intracloud-cloud-to-ground lightning ratio over the continental United States
    • Boccippio, D. J., K. L. Cummins, H. J. Christian, and S. J. Goodman (2002), Combined satellite- and surface-based estimation of the intracloud-cloud-to-ground lightning ratio over the continental United States, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 108-122.
    • (2002) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 108-122
    • Boccippio, D.J.1    Cummins, K.L.2    Christian, H.J.3    Goodman, S.J.4
  • 5
    • 0021566235 scopus 로고
    • Lightning: Estimates of the rates of energy dissipation and nitrogen fixation
    • Borucki, W. J., and W. L. Chameides (1984), Lightning: Estimates of the rates of energy dissipation and nitrogen fixation, Rev. Geophys., 22(4), 363-372.
    • (1984) Rev. Geophys. , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 363-372
    • Borucki, W.J.1    Chameides, W.L.2
  • 6
    • 0001592205 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of thunderstorms over the globe
    • Brooks, C. E. P. (1925), The distribution of thunderstorms over the globe, Geophys. Mem. London, 3(24), 147-164.
    • (1925) Geophys. Mem. London , vol.3 , Issue.24 , pp. 147-164
    • Brooks, C.E.P.1
  • 9
    • 84905434226 scopus 로고
    • Altitude, thickness, and charge concentration of charged regions of four thunderstorms during TRIP 1981 based upon in situ balloon electric field measurements
    • Byrne, G. J., A. A. Few, and M. E. Weber (1983), Altitude, thickness, and charge concentration of charged regions of four thunderstorms during TRIP 1981 based upon in situ balloon electric field measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10(l), 39-42.
    • (1983) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-42
    • Byrne, G.J.1    Few, A.A.2    Weber, M.E.3
  • 10
    • 0001227678 scopus 로고
    • Optical observations of lightning from a high-altitude airplane
    • Christian, H. J., and S. J. Goodman (1987), Optical observations of lightning from a high-altitude airplane, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, 701-711.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.4 , pp. 701-711
    • Christian, H.J.1    Goodman, S.J.2
  • 11
    • 0018696028 scopus 로고
    • 2 in the chemistry of the troposphere and stratosphere
    • 2 in the chemistry of the troposphere and stratosphere, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet Sci., 7, 443-472.
    • (1979) Ann. Rev. Earth Planet Sci. , vol.7 , pp. 443-472
    • Crutzen, P.J.1
  • 12
    • 0032571723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A combined TOA/MDF technology upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network
    • Cummins, K. L., M. J. Murphy, E. A. Gardo, W. L. Hiscox, R. B. Pyle, and A. E. Pifer (1998), A combined TOA/MDF technology upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D8), 9035-9044.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , Issue.D8 , pp. 9035-9044
    • Cummins, K.L.1    Murphy, M.J.2    Gardo, E.A.3    Hiscox, W.L.4    Pyle, R.B.5    Pifer, A.E.6
  • 14
    • 0033785055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the Stratospheric-Tropospheric Experiment: Radiation, Aerosols, and Ozone (STERAO)-Deep convection experiment with results for the July 10, 1996, storm
    • Dye, J. E., et al. (2000), An overview of the Stratospheric-Tropospheric Experiment: Radiation, Aerosols, and Ozone (STERAO)-Deep convection experiment with results for the July 10, 1996, storm, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D8), 10,023-10,045.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , Issue.D8 , pp. 10023-10045
    • Dye, J.E.1
  • 15
    • 0029529242 scopus 로고
    • On the influence of tropospheric clouds on zenith-scattered-light measurements of stratospheric species
    • Erle, F., K. Pfeilsticker, and U. Platt (1995), On the influence of tropospheric clouds on zenith-scattered-light measurements of stratospheric species, Geophys,. Res. Lett., 22(20), 2725-2728.
    • (1995) Geophys,. Res. Lett. , vol.22 , Issue.20 , pp. 2725-2728
    • Erle, F.1    Pfeilsticker, K.2    Platt, U.3
  • 16
    • 0024837241 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen oxides produced from lightning
    • Franzblau, E., and C. J. Popp (1989), Nitrogen oxides produced from lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 84(D8), 11,089-11,104.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.84 , Issue.D8 , pp. 11089-11104
    • Franzblau, E.1    Popp, C.J.2
  • 17
    • 0027879858 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide production by lightning discharges
    • Goldenbaum, G. C., and R. R. Dickerson (1993), Nitric oxide production by lightning discharges, J. Geophys. Res., 98(D10), 18,333-18,338.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , Issue.D10 , pp. 18333-18338
    • Goldenbaum, G.C.1    Dickerson, R.R.2
  • 19
    • 0033589855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • x, in electrified thunderstorms: Survey of previous studies and new observations at midlatitudes
    • x, in electrified thunderstorms: Survey of previous studies and new observations at midlatitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28,247-28,264.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 28247-28264
    • Huntrieser, H.1    Schlager, H.2    Feigl, C.3    Höller, H.4
  • 20
    • 0022169019 scopus 로고
    • Convective cloud downdraft structure: An interpretative survey
    • Knupp, K. R., and W. R. Cotton (1985), Convective cloud downdraft structure: An interpretative survey, Rev. Geophys., 23(2), 183-215.
    • (1985) Rev. Geophys. , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-215
    • Knupp, K.R.1    Cotton, W.R.2
  • 22
    • 0022172678 scopus 로고
    • Thunderstorm electrification: A case study
    • Lhermitte, R., and E. Williams (1985), Thunderstorm electrification: A case study, J. Geophys. Res., 90(D4), 6071-6078.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , Issue.D4 , pp. 6071-6078
    • Lhermitte, R.1    Williams, E.2
  • 23
    • 0025589856 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of field, laboratory, and theoretical estimates of global nitrogen fixation by lightning
    • Liaw, Y. P., D. L. Sisterson, and N. L. Miller (1990), Comparison of field, laboratory, and theoretical estimates of global nitrogen fixation by lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 95(D13), 22,489-22,494.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , Issue.D13 , pp. 22489-22494
    • Liaw, Y.P.1    Sisterson, D.L.2    Miller, N.L.3
  • 25
  • 26
    • 0001667794 scopus 로고
    • Photodissociation in the atmosphere: 1. Actinic flux and the effects of ground reflections and clouds
    • Madronich, S. (1987), Photodissociation in the atmosphere: 1. Actinic flux and the effects of ground reflections and clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 92(D8), 9740-9752.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , Issue.D8 , pp. 9740-9752
    • Madronich, S.1
  • 27
    • 0020641880 scopus 로고
    • Lightning propagation and flash density in squall lines as determined with radar
    • Mazur, V., and W. D. Rust (1983), Lightning propagation and flash density in squall lines as determined with radar, J. Geophys. Res., 88(C2), 1495-1502.
    • (1983) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.88 , Issue.C2 , pp. 1495-1502
    • Mazur, V.1    Rust, W.D.2
  • 29
    • 0033740898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • x production by lightning estimated from the Optical Transient Detector (OTD)
    • Ser. B
    • x production by lightning estimated from the Optical Transient Detector (OTD), Tellus, Ser. B, 52, 1206-1215.
    • (2000) Tellus , vol.52 , pp. 1206-1215
    • Nesbitt, S.W.1    Zhang, R.2    Orville, R.E.3
  • 30
    • 0000667921 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric nitrogen fixation by lightning
    • Noxon, J. F. (1976), Atmospheric nitrogen fixation by lightning, Geophys. Res. Lett., 3, 463.
    • (1976) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.3 , pp. 463
    • Noxon, J.F.1
  • 32
    • 0026283085 scopus 로고
    • Lightning ground flash density in the contiguous United States - 1989
    • Orville, R. E. (1991), Lightning ground flash density in the contiguous United States-1989, Mon. Weather Rev., 119, 573-577.
    • (1991) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.119 , pp. 573-577
    • Orville, R.E.1
  • 33
    • 0021639132 scopus 로고
    • Absolute spectral irradiance measurements of lightning from 375 to 880 nm
    • Orville, R. E., and R. W. Henderson (1984), Absolute spectral irradiance measurements of lightning from 375 to 880 nm, J. Atmos. Sci., 41(21), 3180-3187.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.41 , Issue.21 , pp. 3180-3187
    • Orville, R.E.1    Henderson, R.W.2
  • 34
    • 0035333064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud-to-ground lightning in the United States: NDLN results in the first decade, 1989-98
    • Orville, R. E., and G. R. Huffines (2001), Cloud-to-ground lightning in the United States: NDLN results in the first decade, 1989-98, Mon. Weather Rev, 129, 1179-1193.
    • (2001) Mon. Weather Rev , vol.129 , pp. 1179-1193
    • Orville, R.E.1    Huffines, G.R.2
  • 35
    • 0027799815 scopus 로고
    • On the evaluation of air mass factors for atmospheric near-ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy
    • Perliski, L. M., and S. Solomon (1993), On the evaluation of air mass factors for atmospheric near-ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy, J. Geophys. Res., 98(D6), 10,363-10,374.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , Issue.D6 , pp. 10363-10374
    • Perliski, L.M.1    Solomon, S.2
  • 37
    • 0035052731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud modulation of zenith sky oxygen photon path lengths over Boulder, Colorado: Measurement versus model
    • Portmann, R. W., S. Solomon, R. W. Sanders, J. S. Daniel, and E. G. Dutton (2001), Cloud modulation of zenith sky oxygen photon path lengths over Boulder, Colorado: Measurement versus model, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D1), 1139-1155.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , Issue.D1 , pp. 1139-1155
    • Portmann, R.W.1    Solomon, S.2    Sanders, R.W.3    Daniel, J.S.4    Dutton, E.G.5
  • 38
    • 0027101680 scopus 로고
    • A simple lightning parameterization for calculating global lightning distributions
    • Price, C., and D. Rind (1992), A simple lightning parameterization for calculating global lightning distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D9), 9919-9933.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , Issue.D9 , pp. 9919-9933
    • Price, C.1    Rind, D.2
  • 39
    • 0031455432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • x from lightning: 1. Global distribution based on lightning physics
    • x from lightning: 1. Global distribution based on lightning physics, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D5), 5929-5941.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , Issue.D5 , pp. 5929-5941
    • Price, C.1    Penner, J.2    Prather, M.3
  • 40
    • 0026003057 scopus 로고
    • Regions where lightning flashes begin
    • Proctor, D. E. (1991), Regions where lightning flashes begin, J. Geophys. Res., 96(D3), 5099-5112.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , Issue.D3 , pp. 5099-5112
    • Proctor, D.E.1
  • 41
    • 0001014005 scopus 로고
    • Lightning location relative to storm structure in a supercell storm and a multicell storm
    • Ray, P. S., D. R. MacGorman, W. D. Rust, W. L. Taylor, and L. W. Rasmussen (1987), Lightning location relative to storm structure in a supercell storm and a multicell storm, J. Geophys. Res., 92(D5), 5713-5724.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , Issue.D5 , pp. 5713-5724
    • Ray, P.S.1    MacGorman, D.R.2    Rust, W.D.3    Taylor, W.L.4    Rasmussen, L.W.5
  • 42
    • 0030391221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the production of active nitrogen by thunderstorms over New Mexico
    • Ridley, B. A., J. E. Dye, J. G. Walega, J. Zheng, F. E. Grahek, and W. Rison (1996), On the production of active nitrogen by thunderstorms over New Mexico, J. Geophys. Res., 101(DI5), 20,985-21,005.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , Issue.DI5 , pp. 20985-21005
    • Ridley, B.A.1    Dye, J.E.2    Walega, J.G.3    Zheng, J.4    Grahek, F.E.5    Rison, W.6
  • 43
    • 0024189811 scopus 로고
    • Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in the 10-11 June 85 mesoscale convective system observed during the Oklahoma-Kansas PRE-STORM project
    • Rutledge, S. A., and D. R. MacGorman (1988), Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in the 10-11 June 85 mesoscale convective system observed during the Oklahoma-Kansas PRE-STORM project, Mon. Weather Rev., 116, 1393-1408.
    • (1988) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.116 , pp. 1393-1408
    • Rutledge, S.A.1    MacGorman, D.R.2
  • 46
    • 0033789403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulations of the July 10 Stratospheric-Tropospheric Experiment: Radiation, Aerosols, and Ozone/deep convection experiment convective system: Kinematics and transport
    • Skamarock, W. C., J. G. Powers, M. Barth, J. E. Dye, T. Matejka, D. Bartels, K. Baumann, J. Stith, D. D. Parrish, and G. Hubler (2000), Numerical simulations of the July 10 Stratospheric-Tropospheric Experiment: Radiation, Aerosols, and Ozone/deep convection experiment convective system: Kinematics and transport, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D15), 19,973-19,990.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , Issue.D15 , pp. 19973-19990
    • Skamarock, W.C.1    Powers, J.G.2    Barth, M.3    Dye, J.E.4    Matejka, T.5    Bartels, D.6    Baumann, K.7    Stith, J.8    Parrish, D.D.9    Hubler, G.10
  • 47
    • 0032570520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorption of solar radiation by water vapor, oxygen, and related collision pairs in the Earth's atmosphere
    • Solomon, S., R. W. Portmann, R. W. Sanders, and J. S. Daniel (1998), Absorption of solar radiation by water vapor, oxygen, and related collision pairs in the Earth's atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D4), 3847-3858.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , Issue.D4 , pp. 3847-3858
    • Solomon, S.1    Portmann, R.W.2    Sanders, R.W.3    Daniel, J.S.4
  • 50
    • 0032572275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical structure in thunderstorm convective regions: 1. Mesoscale convective systems
    • Stolzenburg, M., W. D. Rust, B. F. Smull, and T. C. Marshall (1998), Electrical structure in thunderstorm convective regions: 1. Mesoscale convective systems, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D12), 14,059-14,078.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , Issue.D12 , pp. 14059-14078
    • Stolzenburg, M.1    Rust, W.D.2    Smull, B.F.3    Marshall, T.C.4
  • 52
    • 0020330436 scopus 로고
    • The effects of clouds on the light produced by lightning
    • Thomason, L. W., and E. P. Krider (1982), The effects of clouds on the light produced by lightning, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2051-2065.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 2051-2065
    • Thomason, L.W.1    Krider, E.P.2
  • 53
    • 84987141832 scopus 로고
    • Production of nitrogen oxides by lightning
    • Tuck, A. F. (1976), Production of nitrogen oxides by lightning, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 102, 749-755.
    • (1976) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.102 , pp. 749-755
    • Tuck, A.F.1
  • 54
    • 0032552280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide production by simulated lightning: Dependence on current, energy, and pressure
    • Wang, Y., A. W. DeSilva, G. C. Goldenbaum, and R. R. Dickerson (1998), Nitric oxide production by simulated lightning: Dependence on current, energy, and pressure, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D15), 19,149-19,159.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , Issue.D15 , pp. 19149-19159
    • Wang, Y.1    DeSilva, A.W.2    Goldenbaum, G.C.3    Dickerson, R.R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.