메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 309-334

Levodopa

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 41249083727     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (3)

References (146)
  • 1
    • 24344446871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice. Diagnosis and initial management of Parkinson's disease
    • Nutt JG, Wooten GF. Clinical practice. Diagnosis and initial management of Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 353(10):1021-1027.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , Issue.10 , pp. 1021-1027
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Wooten, G.F.2
  • 3
    • 0036589897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine miracle: From brain homogenate to dopamine replacement
    • Hornykiewicz O. Dopamine miracle: from brain homogenate to dopamine replacement. Mov Disord 2002; 17(3):501-508.
    • (2002) Mov Disord , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 501-508
    • Hornykiewicz, O.1
  • 4
    • 0036391727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-DOPA: From a biologically inactive amino acid to a successful therapeutic agent
    • Hornykiewicz O. L-DOPA: from a biologically inactive amino acid to a successful therapeutic agent. Amino Acids 2002; 23(1-3):65-70.
    • (2002) Amino Acids , vol.23 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 65-70
    • Hornykiewicz, O.1
  • 6
    • 85132531037 scopus 로고
    • Dioxyphenlalanin, eine neue Aminosarue aus Vicia faba
    • Guggenhiem M. Dioxyphenlalanin, eine neue Aminosarue aus Vicia faba. Z Phy Chem 1913.
    • (1913) Z Phy Chem
    • Guggenhiem, M.1
  • 7
    • 0000428532 scopus 로고
    • 3,4 - dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydrox-ytriptophan as reserpine antagonists
    • Carlsson A, Lindqvist M, Magmusson T. 3,4 - dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydrox-ytriptophan as reserpine antagonists. Nature (London) 1957; 180:1200.
    • (1957) Nature (London) , vol.180 , pp. 1200
    • Carlsson, A.1    Lindqvist, M.2    Magmusson, T.3
  • 9
    • 34250928307 scopus 로고
    • Verteilung von noradrenalin und dopamin im gehirn des menschwen und ihr verhalten bei erkrankingen des extrapyramidalen systems
    • Ehringer H, Hornykiewicz O. Verteilung von noradrenalin und dopamin im gehirn des menschwen und ihr verhalten bei erkrankingen des extrapyramidalen systems. Klin Wochensher 1960; 38:1236-1239.
    • (1960) Klin Wochensher , vol.38 , pp. 1236-1239
    • Ehringer, H.1    Hornykiewicz, O.2
  • 10
    • 33749281221 scopus 로고
    • Excretion of dopamine in diseases of basal ganglia
    • Barbeau A, Murphy GF, Sourkes TL. Excretion of dopamine in diseases of basal ganglia. Science 1961; 133:1706-1707.
    • (1961) Science , vol.133 , pp. 1706-1707
    • Barbeau, A.1    Murphy, G.F.2    Sourkes, T.L.3
  • 11
    • 0014208039 scopus 로고
    • Aromatic amino acides and modification of parkinsonism
    • Cotzias GC, Van Woert M, Shiffer L. Aromatic amino acides and modification of parkinsonism. N Engl J Med 1967; 276:374-379.
    • (1967) N Engl J Med , vol.276 , pp. 374-379
    • Cotzias, G.C.1    van Woert, M.2    Shiffer, L.3
  • 12
    • 0014673226 scopus 로고
    • Modification of parkinsonism-chronic treatment with L-DOPA
    • Cotzias GC, Papavasiliou PS, Gellene R. Modification of parkinsonism-chronic treatment with L-DOPA. N Engl J Med 1969; 280:337-345.
    • (1969) N Engl J Med , vol.280 , pp. 337-345
    • Cotzias, G.C.1    Papavasiliou, P.S.2    Gellene, R.3
  • 14
    • 0027008308 scopus 로고
    • The hisotory of drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
    • Kapp W. The hisotory of drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm 1992; 38:1-6.
    • (1992) J Neural Transm , vol.38 , pp. 1-6
    • Kapp, W.1
  • 15
    • 0018639137 scopus 로고
    • Levodopa with benserazide or carbidopa in Parkinson disease
    • Rinne UK, Molsa P. Levodopa with benserazide or carbidopa in Parkinson disease. Neurology 1979; 29(12):1584-1589.
    • (1979) Neurology , vol.29 , Issue.12 , pp. 1584-1589
    • Rinne, U.K.1    Molsa, P.2
  • 16
    • 0016730707 scopus 로고
    • Levodopa alone and in combination with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide (Madopar) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: A controlled clinical trial
    • Rinne UK, Birket-Smith E, Dupont E, et al. Levodopa alone and in combination with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide (Madopar) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: A controlled clinical trial. J Neurol 1975; 211(1):1-9.
    • (1975) J Neurol , vol.211 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-9
    • Rinne, U.K.1    Birket-Smith, E.2    Dupont, E.3
  • 17
    • 0023694278 scopus 로고
    • Controlled-release carbidopa/levodopa (CR4-Sinemet) in Parkinson's disease patients with and without motor fluctuations
    • Goetz CG, Tanner CM, Shannon KM, et al. Controlled-release carbidopa/levodopa (CR4-Sinemet) in Parkinson's disease patients with and without motor fluctuations. Neurology 1988; 38(7):1143-1146.
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , Issue.7 , pp. 1143-1146
    • Goetz, C.G.1    Tanner, C.M.2    Shannon, K.M.3
  • 18
    • 0024436402 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of Sinemet CR4 and standard Sinemet: Double blind and long-term open trial in parkinsonian patients with fluctuations
    • Jankovic J, Schwartz K, Vander Linden C. Comparison of Sinemet CR4 and standard Sinemet: double blind and long-term open trial in parkinsonian patients with fluctuations. Mov Disord 1989; 4(4):303-309.
    • (1989) Mov Disord , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 303-309
    • Jankovic, J.1    Schwartz, K.2    Vander Linden, C.3
  • 20
    • 0013340649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: Initial treatment with levodopa or dopamine agonists
    • Factor SA. Parkinson's disease: initial treatment with levodopa or dopamine agonists. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2001; 3(6):479-493.
    • (2001) Curr Treat Options Neurol , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 479-493
    • Factor, S.A.1
  • 21
    • 0001920413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COMT inhibitors: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparisons
    • Jorga KM. COMT inhibitors: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparisons. Clin Neuropharmacol 1998; 21(suppl 1):S9-S16.
    • (1998) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.21 , pp. S9-S16
    • Jorga, K.M.1
  • 22
    • 0021359568 scopus 로고
    • The "on-off" phenomenon in Parkinson's disease. Relation to levodopa absorption and transport
    • Nutt JG, Woodward WR, Hammerstad JP, Carter JH, Anderson JL. The "on-off" phenomenon in Parkinson's disease. Relation to levodopa absorption and transport. N Engl J Med 1984; 310(8):483-488.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.310 , Issue.8 , pp. 483-488
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Woodward, W.R.2    Hammerstad, J.P.3    Carter, J.H.4    Anderson, J.L.5
  • 23
    • 0019160120 scopus 로고
    • Nonaminergic striatal neurons convert exogenous L-dopa to dopamine in parkinsonism
    • Melamed E, Hefti F, Wurtman RJ. Nonaminergic striatal neurons convert exogenous L-dopa to dopamine in parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 1980; 8(6):558-563.
    • (1980) Ann Neurol , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 558-563
    • Melamed, E.1    Hefti, F.2    Wurtman, R.J.3
  • 24
    • 0015745743 scopus 로고
    • Brain dopamine and the syndromes of Parkinson and Huntington. Clinical, morphological and neurochemical correlations
    • Bernheimer H, Birkmayer W, Hornykiewicz O, Jellinger K, Seitelberger F. Brain dopamine and the syndromes of Parkinson and Huntington. Clinical, morphological and neurochemical correlations. J Neurol Sci 1973; 20(4):415-455.
    • (1973) J Neurol Sci , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 415-455
    • Bernheimer, H.1    Birkmayer, W.2    Hornykiewicz, O.3    Jellinger, K.4    Seitelberger, F.5
  • 25
    • 0023627787 scopus 로고
    • Motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: Pathogenetic and therapeutic studies
    • Mouradian MM, Juncos JL, Fabbrini G, Chase TN. Motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: pathogenetic and therapeutic studies. Ann Neurol 1987; 22(4):475-479.
    • (1987) Ann Neurol , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 475-479
    • Mouradian, M.M.1    Juncos, J.L.2    Fabbrini, G.3    Chase, T.N.4
  • 26
    • 0025078156 scopus 로고
    • Effects of L-dopa on extracellular dopamine in striatum of normal and 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats
    • Abercrombie ED, Bonatz AE, Zigmond MJ. Effects of L-dopa on extracellular dopamine in striatum of normal and 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats. Brain Res 1990; 525(1):36-44.
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.525 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-44
    • Abercrombie, E.D.1    Bonatz, A.E.2    Zigmond, M.J.3
  • 27
    • 0027768817 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of late levodopa failure
    • Poewe W. Clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of late levodopa failure. Neurology 1993; 43(12 suppl 6):S28-S30.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , Issue.12 , pp. S28-S30
    • Poewe, W.1
  • 29
    • 0035353725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of levodopa-related dyskinesias and motor fluctuations as estimated from the cumulative literature
    • Ahlskog JE, Muenter MD. Frequency of levodopa-related dyskinesias and motor fluctuations as estimated from the cumulative literature. Mov Disord 2001; 16(3):448-458.
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 448-458
    • Ahlskog, J.E.1    Muenter, M.D.2
  • 30
    • 0015043830 scopus 로고
    • L-dopa therapy of Parkinson's disease: Plasma L-dopa concentration, therapeutic response, and side effects
    • Muenter MD, Tyce GM. L-dopa therapy of Parkinson's disease: plasma L-dopa concentration, therapeutic response, and side effects. Mayo Clin Proc 1971; 46(4):231-239.
    • (1971) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 231-239
    • Muenter, M.D.1    Tyce, G.M.2
  • 31
    • 0033962207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apomorphine can sustain the long-duration response to L-DOPA in fluctuating PD
    • Nutt JG, Carter JH. Apomorphine can sustain the long-duration response to L-DOPA in fluctuating PD. Neurology 2000; 54(1):247-250.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 247-250
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Carter, J.H.2
  • 32
    • 0029079688 scopus 로고
    • Long-duration response to levodopa
    • Nutt JG, Carter JH, Woodward WR. Long-duration response to levodopa. Neurology 1995; 45(8):1613-1616.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , Issue.8 , pp. 1613-1616
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Carter, J.H.2    Woodward, W.R.3
  • 33
    • 0034905501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor fluctuations and dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease
    • Nutt JG. Motor fluctuations and dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2001; 8(2):101-108.
    • (2001) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-108
    • Nutt, J.G.1
  • 34
    • 0028874630 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics of levodopa in Parkinson's disease
    • Nutt JG. Pharmacodynamics of levodopa in Parkinson's disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1995; 22(11):837-840.
    • (1995) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol , vol.22 , Issue.11 , pp. 837-840
    • Nutt, J.G.1
  • 35
    • 0023729233 scopus 로고
    • Does an inhibitory action of levodopa contribute to motor fluctuations?
    • Nutt JG, Gancher ST, Woodward WR. Does an inhibitory action of levodopa contribute to motor fluctuations? Neurology 1988; 38(10):1553-1557.
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , Issue.10 , pp. 1553-1557
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Gancher, S.T.2    Woodward, W.R.3
  • 37
    • 0017468670 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of dystonia ("I-D-I" and "D-I-D") in response to l-dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease
    • Muenter MD, Sharpless NS, Tyce GM, Darley FL. Patterns of dystonia ("I-D-I" and "D-I-D") in response to l-dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease. Mayo Clin Proc 1977; 52(3):163-174.
    • (1977) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 163-174
    • Muenter, M.D.1    Sharpless, N.S.2    Tyce, G.M.3    Darley, F.L.4
  • 38
    • 0016259489 scopus 로고
    • "On-off" phenomenon with levodopa therapy in Parkinsonism. Clinical and pharmacologic correlations and the effect of intramuscular pyridoxine
    • Fahn S. "On-off" phenomenon with levodopa therapy in Parkinsonism. Clinical and pharmacologic correlations and the effect of intramuscular pyridoxine. Neurology 1974; 24(5):431-441.
    • (1974) Neurology , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 431-441
    • Fahn, S.1
  • 39
    • 0017275668 scopus 로고
    • "On-off" effects in patients with Parkinson's disease on chronic levodopa therapy
    • Marsden CD, Parkes JD. "On-off" effects in patients with Parkinson's disease on chronic levodopa therapy. Lancet 1976; 1(7954):292-296.
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.7954 , pp. 292-296
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Parkes, J.D.2
  • 40
    • 0042461503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: Motor fluctuations
    • Factor SA. Parkinson's disease: motor fluctuations. Curr Treat Options Neurol 1999; 1(1):21-32.
    • (1999) Curr Treat Options Neurol , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-32
    • Factor, S.A.1
  • 41
    • 0034109726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of levodopa-induced dyskinesias
    • Fahn S. The spectrum of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Ann Neurol 2000; 47(4 suppl 1):S2-S9.
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. S2-S9
    • Fahn, S.1
  • 42
    • 0014897092 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease
    • Muenter MD. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1970; 20(suppl 12):6-13.
    • (1970) Neurology , vol.20 , pp. 6-13
    • Muenter, M.D.1
  • 44
    • 0017344150 scopus 로고
    • Success and problems of long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease
    • Marsden CD, Parkes JD. Success and problems of long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1977; 1(8007):345-349.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8007 , pp. 345-349
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Parkes, J.D.2
  • 45
    • 0016772506 scopus 로고
    • Five years' treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa. Therapeutic results and survival of 100 patients
    • Sweet RD, McDowell FH. Five years' treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa. Therapeutic results and survival of 100 patients. Ann Intern Med 1975; 83(4):456-463.
    • (1975) Ann Intern Med , vol.83 , Issue.4 , pp. 456-463
    • Sweet, R.D.1    McDowell, F.H.2
  • 46
    • 0021278775 scopus 로고
    • Chronic low-dose levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease: An argument for delaying levodopa therapy
    • Rajput AH, Stern W, Laverty WH. Chronic low-dose levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease: an argument for delaying levodopa therapy. Neurology 1984; 34(8):991-996.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , Issue.8 , pp. 991-996
    • Rajput, A.H.1    Stern, W.2    Laverty, W.H.3
  • 47
    • 0023026069 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease: A 6-year follow-up study
    • Poewe WH, Lees AJ, Stern GM. Low-dose L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease: a 6-year follow-up study. Neurology 1986; 36(11):1528-1530.
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , Issue.11 , pp. 1528-1530
    • Poewe, W.H.1    Lees, A.J.2    Stern, G.M.3
  • 48
    • 0033595549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immediate-release and controlled-release carbidopa/levodopa in PD: A 5-year randomized multicenter study. Carbidopa/Lev-odopa Study Group
    • Koller WC, Hutton JT, Tolosa E, Capilldeo R. Immediate-release and controlled-release carbidopa/levodopa in PD: a 5-year randomized multicenter study. Carbidopa/Lev-odopa Study Group. Neurology 1999; 53(5):1012-1019.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , Issue.5 , pp. 1012-1019
    • Koller, W.C.1    Hutton, J.T.2    Tolosa, E.3    Capilldeo, R.4
  • 49
    • 3142733662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pramipexole vs levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson disease: A 4-year randomized controlled trial
    • Holloway RG, Shoulson I, Fahn S, et al. Pramipexole vs levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson disease: a 4-year randomized controlled trial. Arch Neurol 2004; 61(7): 1044-1053.
    • (2004) Arch Neurol , vol.61 , Issue.7 , pp. 1044-1053
    • Holloway, R.G.1    Shoulson, I.2    Fahn, S.3
  • 50
    • 0034684139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pramipexole vs levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial
    • Parkinson Study Group. Pramipexole vs levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2000; 284(15):1931-1938.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.284 , Issue.15 , pp. 1931-1938
  • 51
    • 0037012478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine transporter brain imaging to assess the effects of pramipexole vs levodopa on Parkinson disease progression
    • Group PS. Dopamine transporter brain imaging to assess the effects of pramipexole vs levodopa on Parkinson disease progression. JAMA 2002; 287(13):1653-1661.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , Issue.13 , pp. 1653-1661
  • 52
    • 0034682308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A five-year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson's disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa. 056 Study Group
    • Rascol O, Brooks DJ, Korczyn AD, De Deyn PP, Clarke CE, Lang AE. A five-year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson's disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa. 056 Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000; 342(20):1484-1491.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , Issue.20 , pp. 1484-1491
    • Rascol, O.1    Brooks, D.J.2    Korczyn, A.D.3    de Deyn, P.P.4    Clarke, C.E.5    Lang, A.E.6
  • 53
    • 0037785449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slower progression of Parkinson's disease with ropinirole versus levodopa: The REAL-PET study
    • Whone AL, Watts RL, Stoessl AJ, et al. Slower progression of Parkinson's disease with ropinirole versus levodopa: The REAL-PET study. Ann Neurol 2003; 54(1):93-101.
    • (2003) Ann Neurol , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-101
    • Whone, A.L.1    Watts, R.L.2    Stoessl, A.J.3
  • 54
    • 33645543539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pergolide versus levodopa monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease patients: The PELMOPET study
    • Oertel WH, Wolters E, Sampaio C, et al. Pergolide versus levodopa monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease patients: The PELMOPET study. Mov Disord 2006; 21:343-353.
    • (2006) Mov Disord , vol.21 , pp. 343-353
    • Oertel, W.H.1    Wolters, E.2    Sampaio, C.3
  • 55
    • 0036523881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it time to abandon functional imaging in the study of neuroprotection?
    • Morrish P. Is it time to abandon functional imaging in the study of neuroprotection? Mov Disord 2002; 17(2):229-232.
    • (2002) Mov Disord , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 229-232
    • Morrish, P.1
  • 56
    • 0042591609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • REAL and CALM: What have we learned?
    • Morrish PK. REAL and CALM: what have we learned? Mov Disord 2003; 18(7):839-840.
    • (2003) Mov Disord , vol.18 , Issue.7 , pp. 839-840
    • Morrish, P.K.1
  • 57
    • 0035849532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of L-dopa and pramipexole on striatal dopamine transporter in early PD
    • Guttman M, Stewart D, Hussey D, Wilson A, Houle S, Kish S. Influence of L-dopa and pramipexole on striatal dopamine transporter in early PD. Neurology 2001; 56(11): 1559-1564.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , Issue.11 , pp. 1559-1564
    • Guttman, M.1    Stewart, D.2    Hussey, D.3    Wilson, A.4    Houle, S.5    Kish, S.6
  • 58
    • 19944432710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of radiotracer imaging in Parkinson disease
    • Ravina B, Eidelberg D, Ahlskog JE, et al. The role of radiotracer imaging in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2005; 64(2):208-215.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , Issue.2 , pp. 208-215
    • Ravina, B.1    Eidelberg, D.2    Ahlskog, J.E.3
  • 59
    • 19744378296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa and the progression of Parkinson's disease
    • Fahn S, Oakes D, Shoulson I, et al. Levodopa and the progression of Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 2004; 351(24):2498-2508.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , Issue.24 , pp. 2498-2508
    • Fahn, S.1    Oakes, D.2    Shoulson, I.3
  • 60
    • 26444597591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does levodopa slow or hasten the rate of progression of Parkinson's disease?
    • Fahn S. Does levodopa slow or hasten the rate of progression of Parkinson's disease? J Neurol 2005; 252(suppl 4):iv37-iv42.
    • (2005) J Neurol , vol.252 , pp. iv37-iv42
    • Fahn, S.1
  • 61
    • 0016858783 scopus 로고
    • Editorial: Long-term assessment of levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease
    • Barbeau A. Editorial: long-term assessment of levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Can Med Assoc J 1975; 112(12):1379-1380.
    • (1975) Can Med Assoc J , vol.112 , Issue.12 , pp. 1379-1380
    • Barbeau, A.1
  • 62
    • 0018415901 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the clinical problems in parkinsonism and the complications of long-term levodopa therapy
    • Lesser RP, Fahn S, Snider SR, Cote LJ, Isgreen WP, Barrett RE. Analysis of the clinical problems in parkinsonism and the complications of long-term levodopa therapy. Neurology 1979; 29(9 Pt 1):1253-1260.
    • (1979) Neurology , vol.29 , Issue.9 , pp. 1253-1260
    • Lesser, R.P.1    Fahn, S.2    Snider, S.R.3    Cote, L.J.4    Isgreen, W.P.5    Barrett, R.E.6
  • 63
    • 0023261115 scopus 로고
    • Factors that influence the occurrence of response variations in Parkinson's disease
    • de Jong GJ, Meerwaldt JD, Schmitz PI. Factors that influence the occurrence of response variations in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1987; 22(1):4-7.
    • (1987) Ann Neurol , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-7
    • de Jong, G.J.1    Meerwaldt, J.D.2    Schmitz, P.I.3
  • 64
    • 0025802827 scopus 로고
    • "Early" initiation of levodopa treatment does not promote the development of motor response fluctuations, dyskinesias, or dementia in Parkinson's disease
    • Cedarbaum JM, Gandy SE, McDowell FH. "Early" initiation of levodopa treatment does not promote the development of motor response fluctuations, dyskinesias, or dementia in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1991; 41(5):622-629.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , Issue.5 , pp. 622-629
    • Cedarbaum, J.M.1    Gandy, S.E.2    McDowell, F.H.3
  • 65
    • 0023802240 scopus 로고
    • Does levodopa aggravate Parkinson's disease?
    • Blin J, Bonnet AM, Agid Y. Does levodopa aggravate Parkinson's disease? Neurology 1988; 38(9):1410-1416.
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , Issue.9 , pp. 1410-1416
    • Blin, J.1    Bonnet, A.M.2    Agid, Y.3
  • 66
    • 0025765530 scopus 로고
    • The occurrence of motor fluctuations in parkinson-ian patients treated long term with levodopa: Role of early treatment and disease progression
    • Caraceni T, Scigliano G, Musicco M. The occurrence of motor fluctuations in parkinson-ian patients treated long term with levodopa: role of early treatment and disease progression. Neurology 1991; 41(3):380-384.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 380-384
    • Caraceni, T.1    Scigliano, G.2    Musicco, M.3
  • 67
    • 0020989520 scopus 로고
    • Parkinsonism treated with levodopa: Progression and mortality
    • Hoehn MM. Parkinsonism treated with levodopa: progression and mortality. J Neural Transm 1983; 19:253-264.
    • (1983) J Neural Transm , vol.19 , pp. 253-264
    • Hoehn, M.M.1
  • 69
    • 0025108757 scopus 로고
    • Response fluctuations in Parkinson's disease
    • Roos RA, Vredevoogd CB, van der Velde EA. Response fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1990; 40(9):1344-1346.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , Issue.9 , pp. 1344-1346
    • Roos, R.A.1    Vredevoogd, C.B.2    van der Velde, E.A.3
  • 70
    • 0036388630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of stage of Parkinson's disease at the onset of levodopa therapy on development of motor complications
    • Kostic VS, Marinkovic J, Svetel M, Stefanova E, Przedborski S. The effect of stage of Parkinson's disease at the onset of levodopa therapy on development of motor complications. Eur J Neurol 2002; 9(1):9-14.
    • (2002) Eur J Neurol , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-14
    • Kostic, V.S.1    Marinkovic, J.2    Svetel, M.3    Stefanova, E.4    Przedborski, S.5
  • 71
    • 0031594961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sudden appearance of invalidating dyskinesia-dystonia and off fluctuations after the introduction of levodopa in two dopaminomimetic drug naive patients with stage IV Parkinson's disease
    • Onofrj M, Paci C, Thomas A. Sudden appearance of invalidating dyskinesia-dystonia and off fluctuations after the introduction of levodopa in two dopaminomimetic drug naive patients with stage IV Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 65(4):605-606.
    • (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.65 , Issue.4 , pp. 605-606
    • Onofrj, M.1    Paci, C.2    Thomas, A.3
  • 72
    • 0038450941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of Parkinson's disease research: Past, present and future
    • Factor SA, Weiner WJ, eds, New York: Demos
    • Langston JW. The impact of Parkinson's disease research: past, present and future. In: Factor SA, Weiner WJ, eds. Parkinson's Disease: Diagnosis and Clinical Management. New York: Demos, 2002:299-329.
    • (2002) Parkinson's Disease: Diagnosis and Clinical Management , pp. 299-329
    • Langston, J.W.1
  • 73
    • 0031969137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Welcome news about levodopa, but uncertainty remains
    • Fahn S. Welcome news about levodopa, but uncertainty remains. Ann Neurol 1998; 43(5):551-554.
    • (1998) Ann Neurol , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 551-554
    • Fahn, S.1
  • 74
    • 0023762236 scopus 로고
    • Motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: Central pathophysiological mechanisms, Part I
    • Fabbrini G, Mouradian MM, Juncos JL, Schlegel J, Mohr E, Chase TN. Motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: central pathophysiological mechanisms, Part I. Ann Neurol 1988; 24(3):366-371.
    • (1988) Ann Neurol , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 366-371
    • Fabbrini, G.1    Mouradian, M.M.2    Juncos, J.L.3    Schlegel, J.4    Mohr, E.5    Chase, T.N.6
  • 75
    • 0028238804 scopus 로고
    • Wearing-off fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: Contribution of postsynaptic mechanisms
    • Bravi D, Mouradian MM, Roberts JW, Davis TL, Sohn YH, Chase TN. Wearing-off fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: contribution of postsynaptic mechanisms. Ann Neurol 1994; 36(1):27-31.
    • (1994) Ann Neurol , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-31
    • Bravi, D.1    Mouradian, M.M.2    Roberts, J.W.3    Davis, T.L.4    Sohn, Y.H.5    Chase, T.N.6
  • 76
    • 0023711041 scopus 로고
    • Motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: Central pathophysiological mechanisms, Part II
    • Mouradian MM, Juncos JL, Fabbrini G, Schlegel J, Bartko JJ, Chase TN. Motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: central pathophysiological mechanisms, Part II. Ann Neurol 1988; 24(3):372-378.
    • (1988) Ann Neurol , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 372-378
    • Mouradian, M.M.1    Juncos, J.L.2    Fabbrini, G.3    Schlegel, J.4    Bartko, J.J.5    Chase, T.N.6
  • 77
    • 4644314827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: Current controversies
    • Olanow CW, Agid Y, Mizuno Y, et al. Levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: current controversies. Mov Disord 2004; 19(9):997-1005.
    • (2004) Mov Disord , vol.19 , Issue.9 , pp. 997-1005
    • Olanow, C.W.1    Agid, Y.2    Mizuno, Y.3
  • 78
    • 0346218258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa-induced motor complications are associated with alterations of glutamate receptors in Parkinson's disease
    • Calon F, Rajput AH, Hornykiewicz O, Bedard PJ, Di Paolo T. Levodopa-induced motor complications are associated with alterations of glutamate receptors in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2003; 14(3):404-416.
    • (2003) Neurobiol Dis , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 404-416
    • Calon, F.1    Rajput, A.H.2    Hornykiewicz, O.3    Bedard, P.J.4    di Paolo, T.5
  • 79
    • 20844454214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent vs continuous levodopa administration in patients with advanced Parkinson disease: A clinical and pharmacokinetic study
    • Stocchi F, Vacca L, Ruggieri S, Olanow CW. Intermittent vs continuous levodopa administration in patients with advanced Parkinson disease: a clinical and pharmacokinetic study. Arch Neurol 2005; 62(6):905-910.
    • (2005) Arch Neurol , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 905-910
    • Stocchi, F.1    Vacca, L.2    Ruggieri, S.3    Olanow, C.W.4
  • 80
    • 12544252127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duodenal levodopa infusion monother-apy vs oral polypharmacy in advanced Parkinson disease
    • Nyholm D, Nilsson Remahl AI, Dizdar N, et al. Duodenal levodopa infusion monother-apy vs oral polypharmacy in advanced Parkinson disease. Neurology 2005; 64(2): 216-223.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , Issue.2 , pp. 216-223
    • Nyholm, D.1    Nilsson Remahl, A.I.2    Dizdar, N.3
  • 81
    • 0030914778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor fluctuations during continuous levodopa infusions in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Nutt JG, Carter JH, Lea ES, Woodward WR. Motor fluctuations during continuous levodopa infusions in patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 1997; 12(3):285-292.
    • (1997) Mov Disord , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 285-292
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Carter, J.H.2    Lea, E.S.3    Woodward, W.R.4
  • 82
    • 0031906233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten years' experience with enteral levodopa infusions for motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease
    • Syed N, Murphy J, Zimmerman T Jr, Mark MH, Sage JI. Ten years' experience with enteral levodopa infusions for motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 1998; 13(2):336-338.
    • (1998) Mov Disord , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 336-338
    • Syed, N.1    Murphy, J.2    Zimmerman, T.3    Mark, M.H.4    Sage, J.I.5
  • 83
    • 0025129116 scopus 로고
    • Modification of central dopaminergic mechanisms by continuous levodopa therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease
    • Mouradian MM, Heuser IJ, Baronti F, Chase TN. Modification of central dopaminergic mechanisms by continuous levodopa therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1990; 27(1):18-23.
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-23
    • Mouradian, M.M.1    Heuser, I.J.2    Baronti, F.3    Chase, T.N.4
  • 84
    • 0022627693 scopus 로고
    • Initiation of levodopa therapy in parkinsonian patients should be delayed until the advanced stages of the disease
    • Melamed E. Initiation of levodopa therapy in parkinsonian patients should be delayed until the advanced stages of the disease. Arch Neurol 1986; 43(4):402-405.
    • (1986) Arch Neurol , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 402-405
    • Melamed, E.1
  • 85
    • 0034012221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa toxicity in Parkinson disease: Reality or myth? Reality-practice patterns should change
    • discussion 410
    • Shulman LM. Levodopa toxicity in Parkinson disease: reality or myth? Reality-practice patterns should change. Arch Neurol 2000; 57(3):406-407; discussion 410.
    • (2000) Arch Neurol , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 406-407
    • Shulman, L.M.1
  • 86
    • 18144423079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa-dyskinesia incidence by age of Parkinson's disease onset
    • Kumar N, Van Gerpen JA, Bower JH, Ahlskog JE. Levodopa-dyskinesia incidence by age of Parkinson's disease onset. Mov Disord 2005; 20(3):342-344.
    • (2005) Mov Disord , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 342-344
    • Kumar, N.1    van Gerpen, J.A.2    Bower, J.H.3    Ahlskog, J.E.4
  • 87
    • 0026484388 scopus 로고
    • The oxidant stress hypothesis in Parkinson's disease: Evidence supporting it
    • Fahn S, Cohen G. The oxidant stress hypothesis in Parkinson's disease: evidence supporting it. Ann Neurol 1992; 32(6):804-812.
    • (1992) Ann Neurol , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 804-812
    • Fahn, S.1    Cohen, G.2
  • 88
    • 10744228218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral markers of apoptosis in Parkinson's disease: The effect of dopaminergic drugs
    • Blandini F, Mangiagalli A, Cosentino M, et al. Peripheral markers of apoptosis in Parkinson's disease: the effect of dopaminergic drugs. Ann NY Acad Sci 2003; 1010: 675-678.
    • (2003) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1010 , pp. 675-678
    • Blandini, F.1    Mangiagalli, A.2    Cosentino, M.3
  • 89
    • 0025242960 scopus 로고
    • Oxidation reactions in Parkinson's disease
    • suppl; discussion 37-39
    • Olanow CW. Oxidation reactions in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1990; 40(10 suppl 3):suppl 32-37; discussion 37-39.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , Issue.10 , pp. 32-37
    • Olanow, C.W.1
  • 90
    • 18144412688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenging conventional wisdom: The etiologic role of dopamine oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease
    • Ahlskog JE. Challenging conventional wisdom: the etiologic role of dopamine oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2005; 20(3):271-282.
    • (2005) Mov Disord , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-282
    • Ahlskog, J.E.1
  • 91
    • 0026468171 scopus 로고
    • The free radical hypothesis in idiopathic parkinsonism: Evidence against it
    • Calne DB. The free radical hypothesis in idiopathic parkinsonism: evidence against it. Ann Neurol 1992; 32(6):799-803.
    • (1992) Ann Neurol , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 799-803
    • Calne, D.B.1
  • 92
    • 0032730204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: A consensus meeting
    • Agid Y, Ahlskog E, Albanese A, et al. Levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: a consensus meeting. Mov Disord 1999; 14(6):911-913.
    • (1999) Mov Disord , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 911-913
    • Agid, Y.1    Ahlskog, E.2    Albanese, A.3
  • 93
    • 0032554497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse reactions to levodopa: Drug toxicity or progression of disease?
    • Agid Y, Chase T, Marsden D. Adverse reactions to levodopa: drug toxicity or progression of disease? Lancet 1998; 351(9106):851-852.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , Issue.9106 , pp. 851-852
    • Agid, Y.1    Chase, T.2    Marsden, D.3
  • 94
    • 0031899713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa: Is toxicity a myth?
    • Agid Y. Levodopa: is toxicity a myth? Neurology 1998; 50(4):858-863.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 858-863
    • Agid, Y.1
  • 95
    • 0029775677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is levodopa toxic?
    • Fahn S. Is levodopa toxic? Neurology 1996; 47(6 suppl 3):S184-S195.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. S184-S195
    • Fahn, S.1
  • 96
    • 0025371344 scopus 로고
    • Excitotoxicity of L-dopa and 6-OH-dopa: Implications for Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases
    • Olney JW, Zorumski CF, Stewart GR, Price MT, Wang GJ, Labruyere J. Excitotoxicity of L-dopa and 6-OH-dopa: implications for Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Exp Neurol 1990; 108(3):269-272.
    • (1990) Exp Neurol , vol.108 , Issue.3 , pp. 269-272
    • Olney, J.W.1    Zorumski, C.F.2    Stewart, G.R.3    Price, M.T.4    Wang, G.J.5    Labruyere, J.6
  • 97
    • 0027487511 scopus 로고
    • Chronic levodopa administration alters cerebral mitochondrial respiratory chain activity
    • Przedborski S, Jackson-Lewis V, Muthane U, et al. Chronic levodopa administration alters cerebral mitochondrial respiratory chain activity. Ann Neurol 1993; 34(5):715-723.
    • (1993) Ann Neurol , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 715-723
    • Przedborski, S.1    Jackson-Lewis, V.2    Muthane, U.3
  • 98
    • 0031023430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa induces apoptosis in cultured neuronal cells-a possible accelerator of nigrostriatal degeneration in Parkinson's disease?
    • Ziv I, Zilkha-Falb R, Offen D, Shirvan A, Barzilai A, Melamed E. Levodopa induces apoptosis in cultured neuronal cells-a possible accelerator of nigrostriatal degeneration in Parkinson's disease? Mov Disord 1997; 12(1):17-23.
    • (1997) Mov Disord , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-23
    • Ziv, I.1    Zilkha-Falb, R.2    Offen, D.3    Shirvan, A.4    Barzilai, A.5    Melamed, E.6
  • 99
    • 0027362832 scopus 로고
    • Toxic and protective effects of L-dopa on mesencephalic cell cultures
    • Mytilineou C, Han SK, Cohen G. Toxic and protective effects of L-dopa on mesencephalic cell cultures. J Neurochem 1993; 61(4):1470-1478.
    • (1993) J Neurochem , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 1470-1478
    • Mytilineou, C.1    Han, S.K.2    Cohen, G.3
  • 101
    • 0030931665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophic effects of L-DOPA in postnatal midbrain dopamine neuron/cortical astrocyte cocultures
    • Mena MA, Davila V, Sulzer D. Neurotrophic effects of L-DOPA in postnatal midbrain dopamine neuron/cortical astrocyte cocultures. J Neurochem 1997; 69(4):1398-1408.
    • (1997) J Neurochem , vol.69 , Issue.4 , pp. 1398-1408
    • Mena, M.A.1    Davila, V.2    Sulzer, D.3
  • 102
    • 0019447228 scopus 로고
    • Long-term administration of levodopa does not damage dopaminergic neurons in the mouse
    • Hefti F, Melamed E, Bhawan J, Wurtman RJ. Long-term administration of levodopa does not damage dopaminergic neurons in the mouse. Neurology 1981; 31:1195-1195.
    • (1981) Neurology , vol.31 , pp. 1195-1195
    • Hefti, F.1    Melamed, E.2    Bhawan, J.3    Wurtman, R.J.4
  • 103
    • 0021129038 scopus 로고
    • Nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons remain undamaged in rats given high doses of L-DOPA and carbidopa chronically
    • Perry TL, Yong VW, Ito M, et al. Nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons remain undamaged in rats given high doses of L-DOPA and carbidopa chronically. J Neurochem 1984; 43(4):990-993.
    • (1984) J Neurochem , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 990-993
    • Perry, T.L.1    Yong, V.W.2    Ito, M.3
  • 104
    • 0037309436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa is toxic to dopamine neurons in an in vitro but not an in vivo model of oxidative stress
    • Mytilineou C, Walker RH, JnoBaptiste R, Olanow CW. Levodopa is toxic to dopamine neurons in an in vitro but not an in vivo model of oxidative stress. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 304(2):792-800.
    • (2003) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.304 , Issue.2 , pp. 792-800
    • Mytilineou, C.1    Walker, R.H.2    JnoBaptiste, R.3    Olanow, C.W.4
  • 105
    • 0036166979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic high dose L-DOPA alone or in combination with the COMT inhibitor entacapone does not increase oxidative damage or impair the function of the nigro-striatal pathway in normal cynomologus monkeys
    • Lyras L, Zeng BY, McKenzie G, Pearce RK, Halliwell B, Jenner P. Chronic high dose L-DOPA alone or in combination with the COMT inhibitor entacapone does not increase oxidative damage or impair the function of the nigro-striatal pathway in normal cynomologus monkeys. J Neural Transm 2002; 109(1):53-67.
    • (2002) J Neural Transm , vol.109 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-67
    • Lyras, L.1    Zeng, B.Y.2    McKenzie, G.3    Pearce, R.K.4    Halliwell, B.5    Jenner, P.6
  • 106
    • 0034935182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-dopa induces dyskinesia in normal monkeys: Behavioural and pharmacokinetic observations
    • Pearce RK, Heikkila M, Linden IB, Jenner P. L-dopa induces dyskinesia in normal monkeys: behavioural and pharmacokinetic observations. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001; 156(4):402-409.
    • (2001) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.156 , Issue.4 , pp. 402-409
    • Pearce, R.K.1    Heikkila, M.2    Linden, I.B.3    Jenner, P.4
  • 108
    • 0027287928 scopus 로고
    • Suppressive effect of L-dopa on dopamine cells remaining in the ventral tegmental area of rats previously exposed to the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine
    • Blunt SB, Jenner P, Marsden CD. Suppressive effect of L-dopa on dopamine cells remaining in the ventral tegmental area of rats previously exposed to the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine. Mov Disord 1993; 8(2):129-133.
    • (1993) Mov Disord , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-133
    • Blunt, S.B.1    Jenner, P.2    Marsden, C.D.3
  • 109
    • 0031968959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic levodopa is not toxic for remaining dopamine neurons, but instead promotes their recovery, in rats with moderate nigrostriatal lesions
    • Murer MG, Dziewczapolski G, Menalled LB, et al. Chronic levodopa is not toxic for remaining dopamine neurons, but instead promotes their recovery, in rats with moderate nigrostriatal lesions. Ann Neurol 1998; 43(5):561-575.
    • (1998) Ann Neurol , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 561-575
    • Murer, M.G.1    Dziewczapolski, G.2    Menalled, L.B.3
  • 110
    • 0030605877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of bromocriptine and/or L-DOPA on neurons in substantia nigra of MPTP-treated C57BL/6 mice
    • Fukuda T, Watabe K, Tanaka J. Effects of bromocriptine and/or L-DOPA on neurons in substantia nigra of MPTP-treated C57BL/6 mice. Brain Res 1996; 728(2):274-276.
    • (1996) Brain Res , vol.728 , Issue.2 , pp. 274-276
    • Fukuda, T.1    Watabe, K.2    Tanaka, J.3
  • 111
    • 0035353737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic L-DOPA administration is not toxic to the remaining dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons, but instead may promote their functional recovery, in rats with partial 6-OHDA or FeCl(3) nigrostriatal lesions
    • Datla KP, Blunt SB, Dexter DT. Chronic L-DOPA administration is not toxic to the remaining dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons, but instead may promote their functional recovery, in rats with partial 6-OHDA or FeCl(3) nigrostriatal lesions. Mov Disord 2001; 16(3):424-434.
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 424-434
    • Datla, K.P.1    Blunt, S.B.2    Dexter, D.T.3
  • 112
    • 0022946382 scopus 로고
    • Preservation of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus in a patient receiving levodopa (2 kg) plus decarboxylase inhibitor over a four-year period
    • Quinn N, Parkes D, Janota I, Marsden CD. Preservation of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus in a patient receiving levodopa (2 kg) plus decarboxylase inhibitor over a four-year period. Mov Disord 1986; 1(1):65-68.
    • (1986) Mov Disord , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-68
    • Quinn, N.1    Parkes, D.2    Janota, I.3    Marsden, C.D.4
  • 113
    • 0030984046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is levodopa toxic to human substantia nigra?
    • Rajput AH, Fenton M, Birdi S, Macaulay R. Is levodopa toxic to human substantia nigra? Mov Disord 1997; 12(5):634-638.
    • (1997) Mov Disord , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 634-638
    • Rajput, A.H.1    Fenton, M.2    Birdi, S.3    Macaulay, R.4
  • 114
    • 0034899258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa prolongs life expectancy and is non-toxic to substantia nigra
    • Rajput AH. Levodopa prolongs life expectancy and is non-toxic to substantia nigra. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2001; 8(2):95-100.
    • (2001) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-100
    • Rajput, A.H.1
  • 115
    • 0002469587 scopus 로고
    • Autopsy findings in parkinsonism following treatment with levodopa
    • (suppl)
    • Yahr MD, Wolf A, Antunes JL, et al. Autopsy findings in parkinsonism following treatment with levodopa. Neurology 1972; 22(suppl):56-71.
    • (1972) Neurology , vol.22 , pp. 56-71
    • Yahr, M.D.1    Wolf, A.2    Antunes, J.L.3
  • 117
    • 0030808074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malignant melanoma and levodopa: Is there a relationship? Two new cases and a review of the literature
    • Pfutzner W, Przybilla B. Malignant melanoma and levodopa: is there a relationship? Two new cases and a review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 37(2 Pt 2): 332-336.
    • (1997) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 332-336
    • Pfutzner, W.1    Przybilla, B.2
  • 118
    • 0028111911 scopus 로고
    • Safety of long-term levodopa therapy in malignant melanoma
    • Woofter MJ, Manyam BV. Safety of long-term levodopa therapy in malignant melanoma. Clin Neuropharmacol 1994; 17(4):315-319.
    • (1994) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 315-319
    • Woofter, M.J.1    Manyam, B.V.2
  • 119
    • 0022574859 scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of early dopa treatment in Parkinson's disease
    • Markham CH, Diamond SG. Long-term follow-up of early dopa treatment in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1986; 19(4):365-372.
    • (1986) Ann Neurol , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 365-372
    • Markham, C.H.1    Diamond, S.G.2
  • 120
    • 0019519328 scopus 로고
    • Evidence to support early levodopa therapy in Parkinson disease
    • Markham CH, Diamond SG. Evidence to support early levodopa therapy in Parkinson disease. Neurology 1981; 31(2):125-131.
    • (1981) Neurology , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-131
    • Markham, C.H.1    Diamond, S.G.2
  • 121
    • 14944354884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sydney Multicenter Study of Parkinson's disease: Non-L-dopa-responsive problems dominate at 15 years
    • Hely MA, Morris JG, Reid WG, Trafficante R. Sydney Multicenter Study of Parkinson's disease: non-L-dopa-responsive problems dominate at 15 years. Mov Disord 2005; 20(2): 190-199.
    • (2005) Mov Disord , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 190-199
    • Hely, M.A.1    Morris, J.G.2    Reid, W.G.3    Trafficante, R.4
  • 122
    • 0014082977 scopus 로고
    • Parkinsonism: Onset, progression and mortality
    • Hoehn MM, Yahr MD. Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology 1967; 17(5):427-442.
    • (1967) Neurology , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 427-442
    • Hoehn, M.M.1    Yahr, M.D.2
  • 123
    • 0023226021 scopus 로고
    • Multi-center study of Parkinson mortality with early versus later dopa treatment
    • Diamond SG, Markham CH, Hoehn MM, McDowell FH, Muenter MD. Multi-center study of Parkinson mortality with early versus later dopa treatment. Ann Neurol 1987; 22(1):8-12.
    • (1987) Ann Neurol , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-12
    • Diamond, S.G.1    Markham, C.H.2    Hoehn, M.M.3    McDowell, F.H.4    Muenter, M.D.5
  • 124
    • 0025265733 scopus 로고
    • Mortality associated with early and late lev-odopa therapy initiation in Parkinson's disease
    • Scigliano G, Musicco M, Soliveri P, et al. Mortality associated with early and late lev-odopa therapy initiation in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1990; 40(2):265-269.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 265-269
    • Scigliano, G.1    Musicco, M.2    Soliveri, P.3
  • 125
    • 0027425687 scopus 로고
    • Levodopa therapy and survival in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: Olmsted County project
    • Uitti RJ, Ahlskog JE, Maraganore DM, et al. Levodopa therapy and survival in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: Olmsted County project. Neurology 1993; 43(10):1918-1926.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , Issue.10 , pp. 1918-1926
    • Uitti, R.J.1    Ahlskog, J.E.2    Maraganore, D.M.3
  • 126
    • 0038015683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malignant melanoma and levodopa in Parkinson's disease: Causality or coincidence?
    • Fiala KH, Whetteckey J, Manyam BV. Malignant melanoma and levodopa in Parkinson's disease: causality or coincidence? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2003; 9(6):321-327.
    • (2003) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. 321-327
    • Fiala, K.H.1    Whetteckey, J.2    Manyam, B.V.3
  • 129
    • 0038015683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malignant melanoma and levodopa in Parkinson's disease: Causality or coincidence?
    • Fiala KH, Whetteckey J, Manyam BV. Malignant melanoma and levodopa in Parkinson's disease: causality or coincidence? Parkinsonsim Relat Disord 2003; 9:321-327.
    • (2003) Parkinsonsim Relat Disord , vol.9 , pp. 321-327
    • Fiala, K.H.1    Whetteckey, J.2    Manyam, B.V.3
  • 131
    • 4644368806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homocysteine and levodopa: Should Parkinson disease patients receive preventative therapy?
    • Postuma RB, Lang AE. Homocysteine and levodopa: should Parkinson disease patients receive preventative therapy? Neurology 2004; 63(5):886-891.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , Issue.5 , pp. 886-891
    • Postuma, R.B.1    Lang, A.E.2
  • 132
    • 0037163849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MTHFR 677C->T polymorphism and risk of coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis
    • Klerk M, Verhoef P, Clarke R, Blom HJ, Kok FJ, Schouten EG. MTHFR 677C->T polymorphism and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2002; 288(16): 2023-2031.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , Issue.16 , pp. 2023-2031
    • Klerk, M.1    Verhoef, P.2    Clarke, R.3    Blom, H.J.4    Kok, F.J.5    Schouten, E.G.6
  • 133
    • 0037183486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homocysteine, MTHFR 677C->T polymorphism, and risk of ischemic stroke: Results of a meta-analysis
    • Kelly PJ, Rosand J, Kistler JP, et al. Homocysteine, MTHFR 677C->T polymorphism, and risk of ischemic stroke: results of a meta-analysis. Neurology 2002; 59(4):529-536.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 529-536
    • Kelly, P.J.1    Rosand, J.2    Kistler, J.P.3
  • 134
    • 0037075257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease
    • Seshadri S, Beiser A, Selhub J, et al. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 2002; 346(7):476-483.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , Issue.7 , pp. 476-483
    • Seshadri, S.1    Beiser, A.2    Selhub, J.3
  • 136
    • 12144260873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modest increase in plasma homocysteine follows levodopa initiation in Parkinson's disease
    • O'Suilleabhain PE, Bottiglieri T, Dewey RB Jr, Sharma S, Diaz-Arrastia R. Modest increase in plasma homocysteine follows levodopa initiation in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2004; 19(12):1403-1408.
    • (2004) Mov Disord , vol.19 , Issue.12 , pp. 1403-1408
    • O'Suilleabhain, P.E.1    Bottiglieri, T.2    Dewey, R.B.3    Sharma, S.4    Diaz-Arrastia, R.5
  • 137
    • 0035848341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of folic acid supplementation and serum homocysteine levels
    • Wald DS, Bishop L, Wald NJ, et al. Randomized trial of folic acid supplementation and serum homocysteine levels. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161(5):695-700.
    • (2001) Arch Intern Med , vol.161 , Issue.5 , pp. 695-700
    • Wald, D.S.1    Bishop, L.2    Wald, N.J.3
  • 138
    • 0037225458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated plasma homocysteine levels in patients treated with levodopa: Association with vascular disease
    • Rogers JD, Sanchez-Saffon A, Frol AB, Diaz-Arrastia R. Elevated plasma homocysteine levels in patients treated with levodopa: association with vascular disease. Arch Neurol 2003; 60(1):59-64.
    • (2003) Arch Neurol , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-64
    • Rogers, J.D.1    Sanchez-Saffon, A.2    Frol, A.B.3    Diaz-Arrastia, R.4
  • 139
    • 23944450854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial function markers in parkinsonian patients with hyperhomocysteinemia
    • Bostantjopoulou S, Katsarou Z, Frangia T, et al. Endothelial function markers in parkinsonian patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. J Clin Neurosci 2005; 12(6):669-672.
    • (2005) J Clin Neurosci , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 669-672
    • Bostantjopoulou, S.1    Katsarou, Z.2    Frangia, T.3
  • 140
    • 27744465570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma homocysteine levels in L-dopa-treated Parkinson's disease patients with cognitive dysfunctions
    • Zoccolella S, Lamberti P, Iliceto G, et al. Plasma homocysteine levels in L-dopa-treated Parkinson's disease patients with cognitive dysfunctions. Clin Chem Lab Med 2005; 43(10):1107-1110.
    • (2005) Clin Chem Lab Med , vol.43 , Issue.10 , pp. 1107-1110
    • Zoccolella, S.1    Lamberti, P.2    Iliceto, G.3
  • 141
    • 14044279363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma homocysteine levels in Parkinson's disease: Role of antiparkinsonian medications
    • Zoccolella S, Lamberti P, Armenise E, et al. Plasma homocysteine levels in Parkinson's disease: role of antiparkinsonian medications. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2005; 11(2):131-133.
    • (2005) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-133
    • Zoccolella, S.1    Lamberti, P.2    Armenise, E.3
  • 142
    • 14044279299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of levodopa and COMT inhibitors on plasma homocysteine in Parkinson's disease patients
    • Lamberti P, Zoccolella S, Iliceto G, et al. Effects of levodopa and COMT inhibitors on plasma homocysteine in Parkinson's disease patients. Mov Disord 2005; 20(1):69-72.
    • (2005) Mov Disord , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-72
    • Lamberti, P.1    Zoccolella, S.2    Iliceto, G.3
  • 144
    • 27644517324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homocysteine as a predictive factor for hip fracture in elderly women with Parkinson's disease
    • Sato Y, Iwamoto J, Kanoko T, Satoh K. Homocysteine as a predictive factor for hip fracture in elderly women with Parkinson's disease. Am J Med 2005; 118(11):1250-1255.
    • (2005) Am J Med , vol.118 , Issue.11 , pp. 1250-1255
    • Sato, Y.1    Iwamoto, J.2    Kanoko, T.3    Satoh, K.4
  • 145
    • 0033793666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of acute levodopa and apomorphine challenge tests in the diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease
    • Clarke CE, Davies P. Systematic review of acute levodopa and apomorphine challenge tests in the diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 69(5):590-594.
    • (2000) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.69 , Issue.5 , pp. 590-594
    • Clarke, C.E.1    Davies, P.2
  • 146
    • 0033997364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute challenge with apomorphine and levodopa in Parkinsonism
    • Rossi P, Colosimo C, Moro E, Tonali P, Albanese A. Acute challenge with apomorphine and levodopa in Parkinsonism. Eur Neurol 2000; 43(2):95-101.
    • (2000) Eur Neurol , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-101
    • Rossi, P.1    Colosimo, C.2    Moro, E.3    Tonali, P.4    Albanese, A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.