Management and prevention of recurrent herpes labialis in immunocompetent patients

Herpes

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 56-61

  Gilbert, Stanley C ^a  

^a Dermatology and Laser Center Northwest   (United States)

Author keywords

Cold sore; Herpes labialis; Herpes simplex; Prevention; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ACICLOVIR; BEHENYL ALCOHOL; EMOLLIENT AGENT; FAMCICLOVIR; FOSCARNET; HERPES SIMPLEX VACCINE; PENCICLOVIR; PLACEBO; VALACICLOVIR; VIRUS DNA;

CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG MEGADOSE; FACE SURGERY; HERPES LABIALIS; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 1; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 2; HUMAN; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; IONTOPHORESIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT DISEASE; REVIEW; VIRUS REACTIVATION; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HERPES LABIALIS; HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN; HUMANS; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; RECURRENCE;

HERPES;

EID: 41149085072     PISSN: 09697667     EISSN: 14701537     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Bader C, Crumpacker CS, Schnipper LE, Ransil B, Clark JE, Arndt K et al. The natural history of recurrent facial-oral infection with herpes simplex virus. J Infect Dis 1978;138:897-905.
2. Higgins CR, Schofield JK, Tatnall FM, Leigh IM. Natural history, management and complications of herpes labialis. J Med Virol 1993;Suppl 1:22-26.
3. Kaufman HE, Brown DC, Ellison EM. Recurrent herpes in the rabbit and man. Science 1967;156:1628-1629.
4. Lafferty WE, Coombs RW, Benedetti J, Critchlow C, Corey L. Recurrences after oral and genital herpes simplex virus infection. Influence of site of infection and viral type. N Engl J Med 1987;316:1444-1449.
5. Spruance SL, Overall JC Jr, Kern ER, Krueger GG, Pliam V, Miller W. The natural history of recurrent herpes simplex labialis: implications for antiviral therapy. N Engl J Med 1977;297:69-75.
6. Spruance SL. The natural history of recurrent oral-facial herpes simplex virus infection. Semin Dermatol 1992;11:200-206.
7. Burkhart CN, Burkhart CG. Bimodal temporal distribution of herpetic reactivation. Mayo Clin Proc 2005;80:287-288.
8. Wheeler CE Jr. The herpes simplex problem. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988;18:163-168.
9. Gilbert SC. Oral shedding of herpes simplex virus type 1 in immunocompetent persons. J Oral Pathol Med 2006;35:548-553.
10. Tateishi K, Toh Y, Minagawa H, Tashiro H. Detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the saliva from 1,000 oral surgery outpatients by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virus isolation. J Oral Pathol Med 1994;23:80-84.
11. Woo SB, Lee SF. Oral recrudescent herpes simplex virus infection. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;83:239-243.
12. Knaup B, Schunemann S, Wolff MH. Subclinical reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the oral cavity. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2000;15:281-283.
13. Eisen D. The clinical characteristics of intraoral herpes simplex virus infection in 52 immunocompetent patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998;86:432-437.
14. Birek C. Herpesvirus-induced diseases: oral manifestations and current treatment options. J Calif Dent Assoc 2000;28:911-921.
15. Stanberry LR, Spruance SL. Cunningham AL, Bernstein DI, Mindel A, Sacks S et al. Glycoprotein-D-adjuvant vaccine to prevent genital herpes. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1652-1661.
16. Bourne N, Bravo FJ, Francotte M, Bernstein DI, Myers MG, Slaoui M et al. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 glycoprotein D subunit vaccines and protection against genital HSV-1 or HSV-2 disease in guinea pigs. J Infect Dis 2003;187:542-549.
17. Elion GB. Mechanism of action and selectivity of acyclovir. Am J Med 1982;73:7-13.
18. Elion GB. The biochemistry and mechanism of action of acyclovir. J Antimicrob Chemother 1983:12 (Suppl B):9-17.
19. Crumpacker CS. Mechanism of action of foscarnet against viral polymerases. Am J Med 1992;92:3S-7S.
20. Spruance SL, Crumpacker CS. Topical 5 percent acyclovir in polyethylene glycol for herpes simplex labialis. Antiviral effect without clinical benefit. Am J Med 1982;73:315-319.
21. Spruance SL, Crumpacker CS, Schnipper LE, Kern ER, Marlowe S, Arndt KA et al. Early, patient-initiated treatment of herpes labialis with topical 10% acyclovir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:553-555.
22. Raborn GW. Failure of acyclovir cream in treatment of herpes labialis. Er Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985;291:677-678.
23. Fiddian AP, Ivanyi L. Topical acyclovir in the management of recurrent herpes labialis. Br J Dermatol 1983;109:321-326.
24. Spruance SL, Nett R, Marbury T, Wolff R, Johnson J, Spaulding T. Acyclovir cream for treatment of herpes simplex labialis: results of two randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, multicenter clinical trials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:2238-2243.
25. Trottet L, Owen H, Holme P, Heylings J, Collin IP, Breen AP et al. Are all aciclovir cream formulations bioequivalent? Int J Pharm 2005;304:63-71.
26. Evans TG, Bernstein DI, Raborn GW, Harmenberg J. Kowalski J, Spruance SL. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of topical 5% acyclovir-1% hydrocortisone cream (ME-609) for treatment of UV radiation-induced herpes labialis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:1870-1874.
27. Horwitz E, Pisanty S, Czerninski R, Helser M, Eliav E, Touitou E. A clinical evaluation of a novel liposomal carrier for acyclovir in the topical treatment of recurrent herpes labialis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999;87:700-705.
28. Spruance SL, Stewart JC. Rowe NH, McKeough MB, Wenerstrom G, Freeman DJ. Treatment of recurrent herpes simplex labialis with oral acyclovir. J Infect Dis 1990;161:185-190.
29. Raborn GW, McGaw WT, Grace M, Tyrrell LD, Samuels SM. Oral acyclovir and herpes labialis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Dent Assoc 1987;115:38-42.
30. Spruance SL, Stewart JC, Freeman DJ, Brightman VJ, Cox JL, Wenerstrom G et al. Early application of topical 15% idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide shortens the course of herpes simplex labialis: a multicenter placebo-controlled trial. J Infect Dis 1990;161:191-197.
31. Spruance SL, Rea TL, Thoming C, Tucker R, Saltzman R, Boon R. Penciclovir cream for the treatment of herpes simplex labialis. A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Topical Penciclovir Collaborative Study Group. JAMA 1997;277:1374-1379.
32. Boon R, Goodman JJ, Martinez J, Marks GL, Gamble M, Welch C. Penciclovir cream for the treatment of sunlight-induced herpes simplex labialis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Penciclovir Cream Herpes Labialis Study Group. Clin Ther 2000;22:76-90.
33. McKeough MB, Spruance SL. Comparison of new topical treatments for herpes labialis: efficacy of penciclovir cream, acyclovir cream, and n-docosanol cream against experimental cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. Arch Dermatol 2001;137:1153-1158.
34. Femiano F, Gombos F, Scully C. Recurrent herpes labialis: efficacy of topical therapy with penciclovir compared with acyclovir (aciclovir). Oral Dis 2001;7:31-33.
35. Bernstein DI, Schleupner CJ, Evans TG, Blumberg DA, Bryson Y, Grafford K et al. Effect of foscarnet cream on experimental UV radiation-induced herpes labialis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997;41:1961-1964.
36. Lawee D, Rosenthal D, Aoki FY, Portnoy J. Efficacy and safety of foscarnet for recurrent orolabial herpes: a multicentre randomized double-blind study. CMAJ 1988;138:329-333.
37. Katz DH, Marcelletti JF, Khalil MH, Pope LE, Katz LR. Antiviral activity of 1-docosanol, an inhibitor of lipid-enveloped viruses including herpes simplex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991;88:10825-10829.
38. Katz DH, Marcelletti JF, Pope LE, Khalil MH, Katz LR, McFadden R. n-docosanol: broad spectrum anti-viral activity against lipid-enveloped viruses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994;724:472-488.
39. Pope LE, Marcelletti JF, Katz LR, Lin JY, Katz DH, Parish ML et al. The anti-herpes simplex virus activity of n-docosanol includes inhibition of the viral entry process. Antiviral Res 1998;40:85- 94.
40. Sacks SL, Thisted RA, Jones TM, Barbarash RA, Mikolich DJ, Ruoff GE et al. Clinical efficacy of topical docosanol 10% cream for herpes simplex labialis: A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:222-230.
41. Habbema L, De Boulle K, Roders GA, Katz DH. n-Docosanol 10% cream in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Acta Derm Venereol 1996;76:479-481.
42. Spruance SL, Jones TM, Blatter MM, Vargas-Cortes M, Barber J, Hill J et al. High-dose, short-duration, early valacyclovir therapy for episodic treatment of cold sores: results of two randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:1072- 1080.
43. Spruance SL, Bodsworth N, Resnick H, Conant M, Oeuvray C, Gao J et al. Single-dose, patient-initiated famciclovir: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for episodic treatment of herpes labialis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:47-53.
44. Rooney JF, Straus SE, Mannix ML, Wohlenberg CR, Alling DW, Dumois JA et al. Oral acyclovir to suppress frequently recurrent herpes labialis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:268-272.
45. Baker D, Eisen D, Valacyclovir for prevention of recurrent herpes labialis: 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Cutis 2003;71:239-242.
46. Gilbert SC. Suppressive therapy versus episodic therapy with oral valacyclovir for recurrent herpes labialis: efficacy and tolerability in an open-label, crossover study. J Drugs Dermatol 2007;6:400-405.
47. Pazin GJ. Herpes simplex esophagitis after trigeminal nerve surgery. Gastroenterology 1978;74:741-743.
48. Pazin GJ, Ho M, Jannetta PJ. Reactivation of herpes simplex virus after decompression of the trigeminal nerve root. J Infect Dis 1978;138:405-409.
49. Schadelin J, Schilt HU, Rohner M. Preventive therapy of herpes labialis associated with trigeminal surgery. Am J Med 1988;85:46-48.
50. Perkins SW, Sklarew EC. Prevention of facial herpetic infections after chemical peel and dermabrasion: new treatment strategies in the prophylaxis of patients undergoing procedures of the perioral area. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996;98:427-433; discussion 434-435.
51. Famciclovir as antiviral prophylaxis in laser resurfacing procedures [Computer Program]; 1999.
52. Gilbert S, McBurney E. Use of valacyclovir for herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) prophylaxis after facial resurfacing: A randomized clinical trial of dosing regimens. Dermatol Surg 2000;26:50-54.
53. Beeson WH, Rachel JD. Valacyclovir prophylaxis for herpes simplex virus infection or infection recurrence following laser skin resurfacing. Dermatol Surg 2002;28:331-336.
54. Hinman CD, Maibach H. Effect of air exposure and occlusion on experimental human skin wounds. Nature 1963;200:377-378.
55. Winter GD. Effect of air exposure and occlusion on experimental human skin wounds. Nature 1963;200:378-379.
56. Dougal G, Kelly P. A pilot study of treatment of herpes labialis with 1072 nm narrow waveband light. Clin Exp Dermatol 2001;26:149-154.
57. Hargate G. A randomised double-blind study comparing the effect of 1072-nm light against placebo for the treatment of herpes labialis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2006;31:638-641.
58. Kleymann G. Helicase primase: targeting the Achilles heel of herpes simplex viruses. Antivir Chem Chemother 2004;15:135-140.
59. Herbst-Kralovetz M, Pyles R. Toll-like receptors, innate immunity and HSV pathogenesis. Herpes 2006;13:37-41.
60. Wnuk SF, Robins MJ. Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors as anti-herpes agents. Antiviral Res 2006;71:122-126.
61. Gangarosa LP Sr, Hill JM, Thompson BL, Leggett C, Rissing JP. Iontophoresis of vidarabine monophosphate for herpes orolabialis. J Infect Dis 1986;154:930-934.
62. Henley-Cohn J, Hausfeld JN. Iontophoretic treatment of oral herpes. Laryngoscope 1984;94:118-121.
63. Morrel EM, Spruance SL, Goldberg DI. Topical iontophoretic administration of acyclovir for the episodic treatment of herpes labialis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinic-initiated trial. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:460-467.
64. Abla N, Naik A, Guy RH, Kalia YN. Topical iontophoresis of valaciclovir hydrochloride improves cutaneous aciclovir delivery. Pharm Res 2006;23:1842-1849.
65. Spruance SL, McKeough MB. Combination treatment with famciclovir and a topical corticosteroid gel versus famciclovir alone for experimental ultraviolet radiation-induced herpes simplex labialis: a pilot study. J Infect Dis 2000;181:1906-1910.