Pentoxifylline ameliorates lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus in young rats

Epilepsy and Behavior

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 354-365

  Tariq, Mohammad ^a   Ahmad, Mohammad ^a   Moutaery, Khalaf Al ^a   Deeb, Saleh Al ^a  

^a The General Directorate of Armed Forces Health Services   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

Neurobehavioral; Neurodegeneration; Neuropathology; Neurotransmitters; Oxidative stress; Pentoxifylline; Pilocarpine; Status epilepticus

Indexed keywords

DOPAMINE; LITHIUM; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PILOCARPINE; SEROTONIN;

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORPUS STRIATUM; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG ACTIVITY; EPILEPSY; EPILEPTIC STATE; FEMALE; HIPPOCAMPUS; HISTOPATHOLOGY; LATENT PERIOD; LEARNING; MALE; MAZE TEST; MEMORY; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NERVE CELL NECROSIS; NERVE FIBER; NERVE SPROUTING; NEUROCHEMISTRY; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RAT; ROTAROD TEST; SEIZURE; SPRAGUE DAWLEY RAT;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, NEWBORN; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; DOPAMINE; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL LATERALITY; GLUTATHIONE; HIPPOCAMPUS; LITHIUM; MALE; MAZE LEARNING; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NEURONS; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS; PILOCARPINE; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; ROTAROD PERFORMANCE TEST; SEROTONIN; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; THIOBARBITURIC ACID REACTIVE SUBSTANCES;

EID: 40849126613     PISSN: 15255050     EISSN: 15255069     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.12.004     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Jung K.Y., Kim J.M., and Kim D.W. Nonlinear dynamic characteristics of electroencephalography in a high-dose pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model. Epilepsy Res 54 (2003) 179-188
2. Gao X.G., Liu Y., and Liu X.Z. Treatment of late lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus with diazepam. Epilepsy Res 74 (2007) 126-130
3. Nagai T., Yamano T., and Fukuyama Y. Status epilepticus in infants and young children: basic mechanisms, clinical evaluation, prognosis and tratment. Acta Neurol Scand 115 (2007) 5
4. Shinnar S., Pellock J.M., Moshe S.L., et al. In whom does status epilepticus occur: age related-differences in children. Epilepsia 38 (1997) 907-914
5. Cendes F., and Andermann F. Do febrile seizures promote temporal lobe epilepsy? Retrospective studies. In: Baram T.Z., and Shinnar S. (Eds). Febrile seizures (2002), Academic Press, San Diego 77-86
6. Hernandez M.T., Sauerwein H.C., Jambaque I., et al. Deficits in executive functions and motor coordination in children with frontal lobe epilepsy. Neuropsychologia 40 (2002) 384-400
7. Huttenlocher P.R., and Hapke R.J. A follow-up study of intractable seizures in childhood. Ann Neurol 28 (1990) 699-705
8. Liu Z., Mikati M., and Holmes G.L. Mesial temporal sclerosis: pathogenesis and significance. Pediatr Neurol 12 (1995) 5-16
9. Cavalheiro E.A., Fernandes M.J., Turski L., and Naffah-Mazzacoratti M.G. Spontaneous recurrent seizures in rats: amino acid and monoamine determination in the hippocampus. Epilepsia 35 (1994) 1-11
10. Freitas R.M., Souza F.C.F., Vasconcelos S.M.M., Viana G.S.B., and Fonteles M.M.F. Acute alterations of neurotransmitters levels in striatum of young rat after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 61 (2003) 430-433
11. Freitas R.M., Vasconcelos S.M.M., Souza F.C.F., Viana G.S.B., and Fonteles M.M.F. Monoamine levels after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in hippocampus and frontal cortex of Wistar rats. Neurosci Lett 370 (2004) 196-200
12. A -receptors in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurochem Int 34 (1999) 435-445
13. Marinho M.M.F., Sousa F.C.F., Bruin V.M.S., Vale M.R., and Viana G.S.B. Effects of lithium, alone or associated with pilocarpine, on muscarinic and dopaminergic receptors and on phosphoinositide metabolism in rat hippocampus and striatum. Neurochem Int 33 (1998) 299-306
14. Freitas R.M., Vasconcelos S.M.M., Souza F.C.F., Viana G.S.B., and Fonteles M.M.F. Oxidative stress in the hippocampus after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in Wistar rats. FEBS J 72 (2005) 1307-1312
15. Bruce A.J., and Baudry M. Oxygen free radicals in rat limbic structures after kainate-induced seizures. Free Radic Biol Med 18 (1995) 993-1002
16. Halliwell B., and Gutteridge J.M.C. Free radicals in biology and medicine (1999), Oxford Science, London
17. Eun B.L., Liu X.H., and Barks J.D. Pentoxifylline attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in immature rats. Paediatr Res 47 (2000) 73-78
18. Creager M.A. Medical management of peripheral arterial disease. Cardiol Rev 9 (2001) 238-245
19. Windmeier C., and Gressner A.M. Pharmacological aspects of pentoxifylline with emphasis on its inhibitory actions on hepatic fibrogenesis. Gen Pharmacol 29 (1997) 181-196
20. Savas S., Delibas N., Savas C., Sutcu R., and Cindas A. Pentoxifylline reduces biochemical markers of ischemia-reperfusion induced spinal cord injury in rabbits. Spinal Cord 40 (2002) 224-229
21. Banfi C., Sironi L., De Simoni G., et al. Pentoxifylline prevents spontaneous brain ischemia in stroke-prone rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 310 (2004) 890-895
22. Cunha G.M.A., Bezerra P.J.P., Saldanha M.D.D., Cavalcante M.C., De Brun M.S.D., and Viana G.S.B. Pentoxifylline improves learning and memory in glutamate-lesioned rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 6 (2000) 687-694
23. Turski L., Ikonomidou C., Turski W.A., Bortolotto Z.A., and Cavalheiro E.A. Cholinergic mechanisms and epileptogenesis: the seizures induced by pilocarpine: a novel experimental model of intractable epilepsy. Synapse 3 (1989) 54-171
24. Cavalheiro E.A. The pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Ital J Neurol Sci 16 (1995) 33-37
25. Dube C., Boyet S., Marescaux C., and Nehlig A. Relationship between neuronal loss and interictal glucose metabolism during the chronic phase of lithium-pilocarpine model of epilepsy in the immature and adult rat. Exp Neurol 167 (2001) 227-241
26. Kubova H., Mares P., Suchomelova L., Brozek G., Druga R., and Pitkanen A. Status epilepticus in immature rats leads to behavioral and cognitive impairment and epileptogenesis. Eur J Neurosci 19 (2004) 3255-3265
27. Wall P.M., and Messier G. Methodological and conceptual issues in the use of elevated plus-maze as a psychological measurement instrument of animal anxiety-like behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 25 (2001) 275-286
28. Wu C.L., Huang L.T., Liou C.W., et al. Lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in immature rats result in long-term deficits in spatial learning and hippocampal cell loss. Neurosci Lett 312 (2001) 113-117
29. Rutten A., van Albada M., Silveira D.C., et al. Memory impairment following status epilepticus in immature rats: time-course and environmental effects. Eur J Neurosci 16 (2002) 501-513
30. Persinger M.A., Bureau Y.R.J., Kostakos M., Peredery O., and Falter H. Behaviors of rats with insidious multifocal brain damage induced by seizures following single peripheral injections of lithium and pilocarpine. Physiol Behav 53 (1993) 849-856
31. Hamm R.J., Pike B.R., O'Dell D.M., Lyeth B.G., and Jenkins L.W. The rotarod test: an evaluation of its effectiveness in assessing motor deficits following traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 11 (1994) 187-196
32. Faverjon S., Silveira D.C., Fu D.D., Cha B.H., Akman C., Hu Y., and Holmes G.L. Beneficial effects of enriched environment following status epilepticus in immature rats. Neurology 59 (2002) 1356-1364
33. Hoffmann A.F., Zhao Q., and Holmes G.L. Cognitive impairment following status epilepticus and recurrent seizures during early development: support for the two-hit hypothesis. Epilepsy Behav 5 (2004) 873-877
34. Jeltsch H., Bertrand F., Lazarus C., and Cassel J.C. Cognitive performances and locomotor activity following dentate granule cell damage in rats: role of lesion extent and type of memory tested. Neurobiol Learn Mem 76 (2001) 81-105
35. Holmes G.L., Sarkisian M., Ben-Ari Y., and Chevassus-AuLouis N. Mossy fiber sprouting following recurrent seizures during early development in rats. J Comp Neurol 404 (1999) 537-553
36. Boukhezra O., Riviello P., Fu D.D., Lui X., Zhao Q., Akman C., and Holmes G.L. Effect of the postictal state on visual-spatial memory in immature rats. Epilepsy Res 55 (2003) 165-175
37. Freitas R.M., Oliveira A.A., Vasconcelos S.M.M., Sousa F.C.F., Viana G.S., and Fonteles M.M.F. Expression of muscarinic and dopaminergic receptors and monoamine levels frontal cortex of epileptic rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 83 (2006) 302-306
38. Nascimento V.S., Oliveira A.A., Freitas R.M., et al. Pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus: monoamine level, muscarinic and dopaminergic receptors alterations in striatum of young rats. Neurosci Lett 383 (2005) 165-170
39. Patrick O.E., Hirohisa M., Masahira K., and Koreaki M. Central nervous system bioaminergic responses to mechanical trauma. Surg Neurol 35 (1991) 273-279
40. Ohkawa H., Ohishi N., and Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95 (1979) 351-358
41. Mangino M.J., Murphy M.K., and Glabar G.G. Protective effects of glycine during hypothermic renal ischemic reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol 261 (1991) F841-F848
42. Tariq M., Morais C., Kishore P.N., Biary N., Al Deeb S., and Al Moutaery K. Neurological recovery in diabetic rats following spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 15 (1998) 239-251
43. Jope R.S., Morrisett R.A., and Snead O.C. Characterization of lithium potentiation of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats. Exptl Neurol 91 (1986) 471-480
44. Treit D., Menard J., and Royan C. Anxiogenic stimuli in the elevated plus-maze. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 44 (1993) 463-469
45. Higashima M., Ohno K., Kinoshita H., and Koshino Y. Involvement of GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors in afterdischarge generation in rat hippocampal slices. Brain Res 865 (2000) 186-193
46. Walker J.E., Lewin E., Sheppard J.R., and Cromwell R. Enzymatic regulation of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the freezing epileptogenic lesion of rat brain and in homologous contralateral cortex. J Neurochem 21 (1973) 79-85
47. Rose G.M., Hopper A., De Vivo M., and Tehim A. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for cognitive enhancement. Curr Pharm Des 11 (2005) 3329-3334
48. DeLorenzo R.J., Sun D.A., and Deshpande L.S. Cellular mechanisms underlying acquired epilepsy: the calcium hypothesis of the induction and maintenance of epilepsy. Pharmacol Ther 111 (2006) 288-325
49. Kochanek P.M., Vaqni V.A., Janesko K.L., et al. Adenosine A1 receptor knockout mice develop lethal status epilepticus after experimental traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 26 (2006) 565-575
50. Imanishi T., Sawa A., Ichimaru Y., et al. Ameliorating effects of rolipram on experimentally induced impairments of learning and memory in rodents. Eur J Pharmacol 321 (1997) 273-278
51. Prediger R.D., Batista L.C., and Takahashi R.N. Caffeine reverses age-related deficits in olfactory discrimination and social recognition memory in rats: involvement of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. Neurobiol Aging 26 (2005) 957-964
52. Avsar E., and Empson R.M. Adenosine acting via A1 receptors, controls the transition to status epilepticus-like behavior in an in vitro model of epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 47 (2004) 427-437
53. Mandryk M., Fidecka S., Poleszak E., and Malec D. Participation of adenosine system in the ketamine-induced motor activity in mice. Pharmacol Rep 57 (2005) 55-60
54. Bouchet R., and Cazauvielh S. De l'epilepsie consideree dans ses rapports avec l'alienation mentale. Arch Gen Med 9 (1825) 510-542
55. Margerison J.H., and Corsellis J.A. Epilepsy and the temporal lobes: a clinical, electroencephalographic and neuropathological study of the brain in epilepsy, with particular reference to the temporal lobes. Brain 89 (1966) 499-530
56. 2+ influx by pentoxifylline in NR8383 alveolar macrophages. Immunopharmacology 43 (1999) 47-58
57. Olney J.W., deGubareff T., and Labruyere J. Seizure-related brain damage induced by cholinergic agents. Nature 301 (1983) 520-522
58. Brandt C., Gastens A.M., Sun M.Z., Hausknecht M., and Loscher W. Treatment with valproate after status epilepticus: effect on neuronal damage, epileptogenesis, and behavioral alterations in rats. Neuropharmacology 51 (2006) 789-804
59. Pitkanen A. New pharmacotherapy for epilepsy. I Drugs 7 (2004) 471-477
60. Pitkanen A., Tuunanen J., and Halonen T. Vigabatrin and carbamazepine have different efficacies in the prevention of status epilepticus induced neuronal damage in the hippocampus and amygdala. Epilepsy Res 24 (1996) 29-45
61. Bolanos A.R., Sarkisian M., Yang Y., et al. Comparison of valproate and phenobarbital treatment after status epilepticus in rats. Neurology 51 (1998) 41-48
62. Cilio M.R., Kartashov A.I., and Vigevano F. The long-term use of felbamate in children with severe refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 47 (2001) 1-7
63. Poirier J.L., Capek R., and De Koninck Y. Differential progression of Dark Neuron and Fluoro-Jade labeling in the rat hippocampus following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Neuroscience 97 (2000) 59-68
64. Kwiecien S., Brzozowski T., Konturek P.C., et al. Gastroprotection by pentoxifylline against stress-induced gastric damage: role of lipid peroxidation, antioxidizing enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines. J Physiol Pharmacol 55 (2004) 337-355
65. Ormandy G.C., Jope R.S., and Snead O.C. Anticonvulsant actions of MK-801 on the lithium-pilocarpine model of status epilepticus in rats. Exp Neurol 106 (1989) 172-180
66. Solberg Y., and Belkin M. The role of excitotoxicity in organophosphorous nerve agents central poisoning. Trends Pharmacol Sci 18 (1997) 183-185
67. Lafon-Cazal M., Pietri S., Culcasi M., and Bockaert J. NMDA-dependent superoxide production and neurotoxicity. Nature 364 (1993) 535-537
68. Michaelis E.K. Molecular biology of glutamate receptors in the central nervous system and their role in excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and aging. Prog Neurobiol 54 (1998) 369-415
69. Mello L.E., Cavalheiro E.A., Tan A.M., et al. Circuit mechanisms of seizures in the pilocarpine model of chronic epilepsy: cell loss and mossy fiber sprouting. Epilepsia 34 (1993) 985-995
70. Armstead W.M., Mirro R., Leffler C.W., and Busija D.W. Cerebral superoxide anion generation during seizures in newborn pigs. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 9 (1989) 175-179
71. Schulz J.B., Matthews R.T., Jenkins B.G., et al. Blockade of neuronal nitric oxide synthase protects against excitotoxicity in vivo. J Neurosci 15 (1995) 8419-8429
72. Horvath B., Marton Z., Halmosi R., et al. In vitro antioxidant properties of pentoxifylline, piracetam, and vinpocetine. Clin Neuropharmacol 25 (2002) 37-42
73. Gallardo J.M., de Carmen Prado-Uribe M., Amato D., and Paniagua R. Inflammation and oxidative stress markers by pentoxifylline treatment in rats with chronic renal failure and high sodium intake. Arch Med Res 38 (2007) 34-38