A review on the electrochemical sensors and biosensors composed of nanowires as sensing material

Sensors

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 290-313

  Umasankar, Yogeswaran ^a   Chen, Shen Ming ^a  

^a NATIONAL TAIPEI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Biosensors; Electroanalysis; Electrochemical sensors; Nano; Nanotechnology; Nanowires; Sensors

Indexed keywords

ASPECT RATIO; BIOSENSORS; ELECTRIC FIELD EFFECTS; FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS; NANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOWIRES; SENSORS;

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS; ELECTRICAL SENSORS; ELECTROANALYSIS; EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS; MULTIFUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES; NANO; PREPARATION METHOD; SENSING MATERIAL;

ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS;

EID: 40849111922     PISSN: 14243210     EISSN: 14248220     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/s8010290     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Wilson, G.S.; Gifford, R. Biosensors for real-time in vivo measurements. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2005, 20, 2388-2403; DOI 10.1016/j.bios.2004.12.003; PubMed 15854814.
2. Sakaguchi, T.; Morioka, Y.; Yamasaki, M.; Iwanaga, J.; Beppu, K.; Maeda, H.; Morita, Y.; Tamiya, E. Rapid and onsite BOD sensing system using luminous bacterial cells-immobilized chip. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2007, 22, 1345-1350; DOI 10.1016/j.bios.2006.06.008; PubMed 16846732.
3. Chen, S.M.; Chzo, W.Y. Simultaneous voltammetric detection of dopamine and ascorbic acid using didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) film-modified electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2006, 587, 226-234; DOI 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.11.019.
4. Vasantha, V.S.; Chen, S.M. Electrocatalysis and simultaneous detection of dopamine and ascorbic acid using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thiophene film modified electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2006, 592, 77-87; DOI 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.04.026.
5. Simoyi, M.F.; Falkenstein, E.; Dyke, K.V.; Blemings, K.P.; Klandorf, H. Allantoin the oxidation product of uric acid is present in chicken and turkey plasma. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B. 2003, 135, 325-335; DOI 10.1016/S1096-4959(03)00086-1.
6. Balasubramanian, K.; Burghard, M. Biosensors based on carbon nanotubes. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2006, 385, 452-468; DOI 10.1007/s00216-006- 0314-8; PubMed 16568294.
7. Zhang, S.; Wang, N.; Niu, Y.; Sun, C. Immobilization of glucose oxidase on gold nanoparticles modified Au electrode for the construction of biosensor. Sens. Act. B. 2005, 109, 367-374; DOI 10.1016/j.snb.2004.12.066.
8. Wang, J.; Musameh, M.; Lin, Y. Solubilization of carbon nanotubes by nafion toward the preparation of amperometric biosensors. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 2408-2409; DOI 10.1021/ja028951v; PubMed 12603125.
9. Yogeswaran, U.; Thiagarajan, S.; Chen, S.M. Nanocomposite of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes with nafion, nano platinum, and nano gold biosensing film for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, epinephrine, and uric acid. Anal. Biochem. 2007, 365, 122-131; DOI 10.1016/j.ab.2007.02.034; PubMed 17428433.
10. Yogeswaran, U.; Chen, S.M. Separation and concentration effect of f-MWCNTs on electrocatalytic responses of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid at f-MWCNTs incorporated with poly (neutral red) composite films. Electrochim. Acta. 2007, 52, 5985-5996; DOI 10.1016/j.electacta. 2007.03.047.
11. Hubalek, J.; Hradecky, J.; Adam, V.; Krystofova, O.; Huska, D.; Masarik, M.; Trnkova, L.; Horna, A.; Klosova, K.; Adamek, M.; Zehnalek, J.; Kizek, R. Spectrometric and voltammetric analysis of urease - nickel nanoelectrode as an electrochemical sensor. Sensors 2007, 7, 1238-1255.
12. Yogeswaran, U.; Thiagarajan, S.; Chen, S.M. Pinecone shape hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on a film of multi-walled carbon nanotubes coated with gold particles for the simultaneous determination of tyrosine, guanine, adenine and thymine. Carbon 2007, 45, 2783-2796; DOI 10.1016/j.carbon.2007.09.029.
13. Yogeswaran, U.; Chen, S.M. Electrocatalytic properties of electrodes which are functionalized with composite films of f-MWCNTs incorporated with poly(neutral red). J. Electrochem. Soc. 2007, 154, E178-E186.
14. Kim, I.J.; Han, S.D.; Han, C.H.; Gwak, J.; Lee, H.D.; Wang, J.S. Micro semiconductor CO sensors based on indium-doped tin dioxide nanocrystalline powders. Sensors 2006, 6, 526-535.
15. Lyons, M.E.G.; Keeley, G.P. The redox behaviour of randomly dispersed single walled carbon nanotubes both in the absence and in the presence of adsorbed glucose oxidase. Sensors 2006, 6, 1791-1826.
16. Liang, W.; Zhuobin, Y. Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase at a gold electrode modified with single-wall carbon nanotubes. Sensors 2003, 3, 544-554.
17. Hernandez-Velez, M. Nanowires and ID arrays fabrication: An overview. Thin Solid Films. 2006, 495, 51-63; DOI 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.08.331.
18. Yogeswaran, U.; Chen, S.M. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes with poly(methylene blue) composite film for the enhancement and separation of electroanalytical responses of catecholamine and ascorbic acid. Sens. Act. B 2008, 128, in press; DOI 10.1016/j.snb.2007.10.040.
19. Shie, J.W.; Yogeswaran, U.; Chen, S.M. Electroanalytical properties of cytochrome c by direct electrochemistry on multi-walled carbon nanotubes incorporated with DNA biocomposite film. Talanta 2008, 74, 1659-1669.
20. Li, S.; He, P.; Dong, J.; Guo, Z.; Dai, L. DNA-directed self-assembling of carbon nanotubes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 14-15; DOI 10.1021/ja0446045; PubMed 15631425.
21. Vaseashta, A.; Dimova-Malinovska, D. Nanostructured and nanoscale devices, sensors and detectors. Sci. Tech. Adv. Mat. 2005, 6, 312-318.
22. Zhang, X.L.; Wang, J.X.; Wang, Z.; Wang, S.C Improvement of amperometric sensor used for determination of nitrate with polypyrrole nanowires modified electrode. Sensors 2005, 5, 580-593.
23. Qian, L.; Yang, X. Composite film of carbon nanotubes and chitosan for preparation of amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor. Talanta. 2006, 68, 721-727; DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.05.030.
24. Wang, J.; Chen, G.; Chatrathi, M.P.; Musameh, M. Capillary electrophoresis microchip with a carbon nanotube-modified electrochemical detector. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 298-302; DOI 10.1021/ac035130f; PubMed 14719874.
25. 3 nanowire mat devices for biosensing applications. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 6922-6923; DOI 10.1021/ja0503478; PubMed 15884914.
26. Roberts, M.A.; Kelley, S.O. Ultrasensitive detection of enzymatic activity with nanowires electrodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 11356-11357; DOI 10.1021/ja074546y; PubMed 17713912.
27. Shi, L.; Yu, C.; Zhou, J. Thermal characterization and sensor applications of one-dimensional nanostructures employing microelectromechanical systems. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2005, 109, 22102-22111; DOI 10.1021/jp0539041; PubMed 16853876.
28. Laocharoensuk, R.; Bulbarello, A.; Hocevar, S.B.; Mannino, S.; Ogorevc, B.; Wang, J. On-demand protection of electrochemical sensors based on adaptive nanowires. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 7774-7775; DOI 10.1021/ja0729736; PubMed 17547412.
29. Lee, E.P.; Peng, Z.; Cate, D.M.; Yang, H.; Campbell, C.T.; Xia, Y. Growing Pt nanowires as a densely packed array on metal gauze. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 10634-10635; DOI 10.1021/ja074312e; PubMed 17685620.
30. Zhu, N.; Chang, Z.; He, P.; Fang, Y. Electrochemically fabricated polyaniline nanowires-modified electrode for voltammetric detection of DNA hybridization. Electrochim. Acta. 2006, 51, 3758-3762; DOI 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.10.038.
31. Tian, Y.; Wang, J.; Wang, Z.; Wang, S. Electroreduction of nitrite at an electrode modified with polypyrrole nanowires. Synthetic Metals. 2004, 143, 309-313; DOI 10.1016/j.synthmet.2003.12.014.
32. Hultgren, A.; Tanase, M.; Felton, EJ.; Bhadriraju, K.; Salem, A.K.; Chen, C.S.; Reich, D.H. Optimization of yield in magnetic cell separations using nickel nanowires of different lengths. Biotechnol. Prog. 2005, 21, 509-515; DOI 10.1021/bp049734w; PubMed 15801791.
33. Wanekaya, A.K.; Chen, W.; Myung, N.V.; Mulchandani, A. Nanowire-based electrochemical biosensors. Electroanalysis. 2006, 18, 533-550; DOI 10.1002/elan.200503449.
34. Müller, T.; Heining, K.H.; Schmidt, B. Formation of Ge nanowires in oxidized silicon V-grooves by ion beam synthesis. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 2001, 175, 468-473.
35. Sun, Y.; Khang, D.Y.; Hua, F.; Hurley, K.; Nuzzo, R.G.; Rogers, J.A. Photolithographic route to the fabrication of micro/nanowires of III-V semiconductors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 30-40; DOI 10.1002/adfm.200400411.
36. Cheng, F.L.; Zhang, M.L.; Wang, H. Fabrication of polypyrrole nanowire and nanotube arrays. Sensors 2005, 5, 245-249.
37. Penumetcha, S.S.; Kona, R.; Hardin, J.L.; Molder, A.L.; Steinle, E.D. Monitoring transport across modified nanoporous alumina membranes. Sensors 2007, 7, 2942-2952.
38. Martin, C.R. Membrane-based synthesis of nanomaterials. Chem. Mater. 1996, 8, 1739-1746; DOI 10.1021/cm960166s.
39. Müller, F.; Birner, A.; Schilling, J.; Li, A.P.; Nielsch, K.; Gösele, U.; Lehmann, V. High aspect ratio microstructures based on anisotropic porous materials. Microsyst. Technol. 2002, 8, 7-9; DOI 10.1007/s00542-002-0047-3.
40. Choi, J.; Nielsch, K.; Reiche, M.; Wehrspohn, R.B.; Gösele, U. Fabrication of monodomain alumina pore arrays with an interpore distance smaller than the lattice constant of the imprint stamp. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. 2003, 21, 763-766; DOI 10.1116/1.1556397.
41. Masuda, H.; Abe, A.; Nakao, M.; Yokoo, A.; Tamamura, T.; Nishio, K. Ordered mosaic nanocomposites in anodic porous alumina. Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 161-164; DOI 10.1002/adma.200390035.
42. Masuda, H.; Ohya, M.; Asoh, H.; Nishio, K. Photonic band gap in naturally occurring ordered anodic porous alumina. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2001, 40, L1217-L1219.
43. Bae, E.J.; Choi, W.B.; Jeong, K.S.; Chu, J.U.; Park, G.S.; Song, S.; Yoo, I.K. Selective growth of carbon nanotubes on pre-patterned porous anodic aluminum oxide. Adv. Mater. 2002, 14, 277-279; DOI 10.1002/1521-4095(20020219)14:4〈277::AID-ADMA277〉3.0.CO;2-A.
44. Martin, A.; Martinez, F.; Calvo, J.I.; Prádanos, P.; Palacios, L.; Hernández, A. Protein adsorption onto an inorganic microfiltration membrane: Solute-solid interactions and surface coverage. J. Membr. Sci. 2002, 207, 199-207; DOI 10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00228-4.
45. Dickey, E.C.; Varghese, O.K.; Ong, K.G.; Gong, D.; Paulose, M.; Grimes, C.A. Room temperature ammonia and humidity sensing using highly ordered nanoporous alumina films. Sensors 2002, 2, 91-110.
46. Asoh, H.; Ono, S.; Hirose, T.; Nakao, M.; Masuda, H. Growth of anodic porous alumina with square cells. Electrochim. Acta. 2003, 48, 3171-3174; DOI 10.1016/S0013-4686(03)00347-5.
47. Choi, J.; Wehrspohn, R.; Gösele, U. Moiré pattern formation on porous alumina arrays using nanoimprint lithography. Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 1531-1534; DOI 10.1002/adma.200305251.
48. Asoh, H.; Matsuo, M.; Yoshihama, M.; Ono, S. Transfer of nanoporous pattern of anodic porous alumina into Si substrate. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 4408-4410; DOI 10.1063/1.1629385.
49. Hoyer, P. Formation of a titanium dioxide nanotube array. Langmuir. 1996, 12, 1411-1413; DOI 10.1021/la9507803.
50. Sander, M.S.; Coté, M.J.; Gu, W.; Kile, B.M.; Tripp, C.P. Template-assisted fabrication of dense, aligned arrays of titania nanotubes with well-controlled dimensions on substrates. Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 2052-2057; DOI 10.1002/adma.200400446.
51. 2 coatings applied to magnetoelastic thick films. Sensors 2002, 2, 331-338.
52. Varghese, O.K.; Paulose, M.; Grimes, C.A.; Dickey, E.C. Crystallization and high-temperature structural stability of titanium oxide nanotube arrays. J. Mater. Res. 2003, 18, 156-165.
53. Sarkar, J.; Khan, G.G.; Basumalick, A. Nanowires: properties, applications and synthesis via porous anodic aluminium oxide template. Bull. Mater. Sci. 2007, 30, 271-290; DOI 10.1007/s12034-007-0047-0.
54. Muller, C.J.; van Ruitenbeek, J.M.; de Jongh, L.J. Conductance and supercurrent discontinuities in atomic-scale metallic constrictions of variable width. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1992, 69, 140-143; DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.140; PubMed 10046209.
55. Muller, C.J.; Krans, J.M.; Todorov, T.N.; Reed, M.A. Quantization effects in the conductance of metallic contacts at room temperature. Phys. Rev. B. 1996, 53, 1022-1025; DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.1022.
56. van Wees, B.J.; van Houten, H.; Beenakker, C.W.J.; Williamson, J.G.; Kouvenhoven, L.P.; van der Marel, D.; Foxon, C.T. Quantized conductance of point contacts in a two-dimensional electron gas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1988, 60, 848-850; DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.848; PubMed 10038668.
57. Wharam, D.A.; Thornton, TJ.; Newbury, R.; Pepper, M.; Ahmed, H.; Frost, J.E.F.; Hasko, D.G.; Peacock, D.C.; Ritchie, D.A.; Jones, G.A.C. One-dimensional transport and the quantisation of the ballistic resistance. J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 1988, 21, L209-L214.
58. Costa-Krämer, J.L.; Garcia, N.; Olin, H. Conductance quantization in bismuth nanowires at 4 K. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 78, 4990-4993; DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4990.
59. Zhao, J.; Buia, C.; Han, J.; Lu, J.P. Quantum transport properties of ultrathin silver nanowires. Nanotechnology. 2003, 14, 501-504; DOI 10.1088/0957-4484/14/5/304.
60. Duan, X.; Huang, Y.; Lieber, C.M. Nonvolatile memory and programmable logic from molecule-gated nanowires. Nano. Lett. 2002, 2, 487-490; DOI 10.1021/nl025532n.
61. Rout, C.S.; Krishna, S.H.; Vivekchand, S.R.C.; Govindaraj, A.; Rao, C.N.R. Hydrogen and ethanol sensors based on ZnO nanorods, nanowires and nanotubes. Chem. Phy. Lett. 2006, 418, 586-590; DOI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.11.040.
62. Tien, L.C.; Wang, H.T.; Kang, B.S.; Ren, F.; Sadik, P.W.; Norton, D.P.; Pearton, S.J.; Line, J. Room-Temperature Hydrogen-Selective Sensing Using Single Pt-Coated ZnO Nanowires at Microwatt Power Levels. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2005, 8, G230-G232; DOI 10.1149/1.1979450.
63. Wang, H.T.; Kang, B.S.; Ren, F.; Tien, L.C.; Sadik, P.W.; Norton, D.P.; Pearton, S.J.; Lin, J. Detection of hydrogen at room temperature with catalyst-coated multiple ZnO nanorods. Appl. Phys. A. 2005, 81, 1117-1119; DOI 10.1007/s00339-005-3310-5.
64. Walter, E.C.; Ng, K.; Zach, M.P.; Penner, R.M.; Favier, F. lectronic devices from electrodeposited metal nanowires. Microelectronic Eng. 2002, 61-62, 555-561.
65. Walter, E.C.; Penner, R.M.; Liu, H.; Ng, K.H.; Zach, M.P.; Favier, F. Sensors from electrodeposited metal nanowires. Surf. Interface Anal. 2002, 34, 409-412; DOI 10.1002/sia.1328.
66. Lu, Y.; Yang, M.; Qu, F. Enzyme-functionalized gold nanowires for the fabrication of biosensors. Bioelectrochem. 2007, 71, 211-216; DOI 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2007.05.003.
67. Qu, F.; Yang, M.; Shen, G.; Yu, R. Electrochemical biosensing utilizing synergic action of carbon nanotubes and platinum nanowires prepared by template synthesis. Biosen. Bioelectron. 2007, 22, 1749-1755; DOI 10.1016/j.bios.2006.08.003.
68. Cusmà, A.; Curulli, A.; Zane, D.; Kaciulis, S.; Padeletti, G. Feasibility of enzyme biosensors based on gold nanowires. Mat. Sci. Eng. C. 2007, 27, 1158-1161; DOI 10.1016/j.msec.2006.09.035.
69. Aravamudhan, S.; Kumar, A.; Mohapatra, S.; Bhansali, S. Sensitive estimation of total cholesterol in blood using Au nanowires based micro-fluidic platform. Biosen. Bioelectron. 2007, 22, 2289-2294; DOI 10.1016/j.bios.2006.11.027.
70. Aravamudhan, S.; Ramgir, N.S.; Bhansali, S. Electrochemical biosensor for targeted detection in blood using aligned Au nanowires. Sensors and Actuators B. 2007, 127, 29-35; DOI 10.1016/j.snb.2007.07.008.
71. Gao, Z.; Agarwal, A.; Trigg, A.D.; Singh, N.; Fang, C.; Tung, C.H.; Fan, Y.; Buddharaju, K.D.; Kong, J. Silicon nanowire arrays for label-free detection of DNA. Anal. Chem. 2007, 79, 3291-3297; DOI 10.1021/ac061808q; PubMed 17407259.
72. Lapierre-Devlin, M.A.; Asher, C.L.; Taft, B.J.; Gasparac, R.; Roberts, M.A.; Kelley, S.O. Amplified electrocatalysis at DNA-modified nanowires. Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 1051-1055; DOI 10.1021/nl050483a; PubMed 15943441.
73. Liu, L.; Song, J.F.; Yu, P.F.; Cui, B. A novel electrochemical sensing system for inosine and its application for inosine determination in pharmaceuticals and human serum. Electrochem. Comm. 2006, 8, 1521-1526; DOI 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.07.013.
74. Basu, M.; Seggerson, S.; Henshaw, J.; Jiang, J.; Cordona, R.D.A.; Lefave, C.; Boyle, P.J.; Miller, A.; Pugia, M.; Basu, S. Nano-biosensor development for bacterial detection during human kidney infection: Use of glycoconjugate- specific antibody-bound gold NanoWire arrays (GNWA). Glycoconjugate Journal. 2004, 21, 487-496; DOI 10.1007/s10719-004-5539-1; PubMed 15750790.
75. Liu, Z.; Searson, P.C. Single nanoporous gold nanowire sensors. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2006, 110, 4318-4322; DOI 10.1021/jp056940t; PubMed 16509729.
76. Ramgir, N.S.; Zajac, A.; Sekhar, P.K.; Lee, L.; Zhukov, T.A.; Bhansali, S. Voltammetric detection of cancer biomarkers exemplified by interleukin-10 and osteopontin with silica nanowires. J. Phys. Chem. C. 2007, 111, 13981-13987; DOI 10.1021/jp073371b.
77. Murray, B.J.; Walter, E.C.; Penner, R.M. Amine vapor sensing with silver mesowires. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 665-670; DOI 10.1021/nl049841k