메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 8, 2007, Pages

Primary role of functional ischemia, quantitative evidence for the two-hit mechanism, and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor therapy in mouse muscular dystrophy

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE; PHOSPHODIESTERASE V INHIBITOR; PLACEBO; TADALAFIL; CARBOLINE DERIVATIVE; PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITOR; PHOSPHODIESTERASE V;

EID: 40749137005     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000806     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (106)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0024332141 scopus 로고
    • Dystrophin abnormalities in Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy
    • Hoffman EP, Kunkel LM (1989) Dystrophin abnormalities in Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy. Neuron 2: 1019-1029.
    • (1989) Neuron , vol.2 , pp. 1019-1029
    • Hoffman, E.P.1    Kunkel, L.M.2
  • 2
    • 0025998134 scopus 로고
    • Population frequencies of inherited neuromuscular diseases- a world survey
    • Emery AE (1991) Population frequencies of inherited neuromuscular diseases- a world survey. Neuromuscul Disord 1: 19-29.
    • (1991) Neuromuscul Disord , vol.1 , pp. 19-29
    • Emery, A.E.1
  • 3
    • 0031908112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of activity-induced muscle injury in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
    • Petrof BJ (1998) The molecular basis of activity-induced muscle injury in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Mol Cell Biochem 179: 111-123.
    • (1998) Mol Cell Biochem , vol.179 , pp. 111-123
    • Petrof, B.J.1
  • 4
    • 0034610326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional muscle ischemia in neuronal nitric oxide synthase-deficient skeletal muscle of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
    • Sander M, Chavoshan B, Harris SA, Iannaccone ST, Stull JT, et al. (2000) Functional muscle ischemia in neuronal nitric oxide synthase-deficient skeletal muscle of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97: 13818-13823.
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.97 , pp. 13818-13823
    • Sander, M.1    Chavoshan, B.2    Harris, S.A.3    Iannaccone, S.T.4    Stull, J.T.5
  • 5
    • 0032411144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired metabolic modulation of alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle
    • Thomas GD, Sander M, Lau KS, Huang PL, Stull JT, et al. (1998) Impaired metabolic modulation of alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95: 15090-15095.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.95 , pp. 15090-15095
    • Thomas, G.D.1    Sander, M.2    Lau, K.S.3    Huang, P.L.4    Stull, J.T.5
  • 6
    • 0001503453 scopus 로고
    • Effect Of A Brief Contraction Of Forearm Muscles On Forearm Blood Flow
    • Corcondilas A, Koroxenidis GT, Shepherd JT (1964) Effect Of A Brief Contraction Of Forearm Muscles On Forearm Blood Flow. J Appl Physiol 19: 142-146.
    • (1964) J Appl Physiol , vol.19 , pp. 142-146
    • Corcondilas, A.1    Koroxenidis, G.T.2    Shepherd, J.T.3
  • 7
    • 0015219671 scopus 로고
    • Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Functional ischemia reproduces its characteristic lesions
    • Mendell JR, Engel WK, Derrer EC (1971) Duchenne muscular dystrophy: functional ischemia reproduces its characteristic lesions. Science 172: 1143-1145.
    • (1971) Science , vol.172 , pp. 1143-1145
    • Mendell, J.R.1    Engel, W.K.2    Derrer, E.C.3
  • 8
    • 0347560375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • nNOS and eNOS modulate cGMP formation and vascular response in contracting fast-twitch skeletal muscle
    • Lau KS, Grange RW, Isotani E, Sarelius IH, Kamm KE, et al. (2000) nNOS and eNOS modulate cGMP formation and vascular response in contracting fast-twitch skeletal muscle. Physiol Genomics 2: 21-27.
    • (2000) Physiol Genomics , vol.2 , pp. 21-27
    • Lau, K.S.1    Grange, R.W.2    Isotani, E.3    Sarelius, I.H.4    Kamm, K.E.5
  • 9
    • 0035139227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology of nitric oxide in skeletal muscle
    • Stamler JS, Meissner G (2001) Physiology of nitric oxide in skeletal muscle. Physiol Rev 81: 209-237.
    • (2001) Physiol Rev , vol.81 , pp. 209-237
    • Stamler, J.S.1    Meissner, G.2
  • 10
    • 0032504123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle contractions stimulate cGMP formation and attenuate vascular smooth muscle myosin phosphorylation via nitric oxide
    • Lau KS, Grange RW, Chang WJ, Kamm KE, Sarelius I, et al. (1998) Skeletal muscle contractions stimulate cGMP formation and attenuate vascular smooth muscle myosin phosphorylation via nitric oxide. FEBS Lett 431: 71-74.
    • (1998) FEBS Lett , vol.431 , pp. 71-74
    • Lau, K.S.1    Grange, R.W.2    Chang, W.J.3    Kamm, K.E.4    Sarelius, I.5
  • 11
    • 0023240679 scopus 로고
    • Utrastructure of cardiocyte degeneration and myocardial calcification in the dystrophic hamster
    • Burbach JA (1987) Utrastructure of cardiocyte degeneration and myocardial calcification in the dystrophic hamster. Am J Anat 179: 291-307.
    • (1987) Am J Anat , vol.179 , pp. 291-307
    • Burbach, J.A.1
  • 12
    • 0015046831 scopus 로고
    • Nouvelle hypothese sur la pathogenic de la dystrophie musculaire pseudo-hypertrophique de Duchenne.
    • Engel WK (1971) Nouvelle hypothese sur la pathogenic de la dystrophie musculaire pseudo-hypertrophique de Duchenne. Revue Neurologique (Paris) 124: 291-298.
    • (1971) Revue Neurologique (Paris) , vol.124 , pp. 291-298
    • Engel, W.K.1
  • 13
    • 0016230042 scopus 로고
    • Duchenne dystrophy. I. Morphometric study of the muscle microvasculature
    • Jerusalem F, Engel AG, Gomez MR (1974) Duchenne dystrophy. I. Morphometric study of the muscle microvasculature. Brain 97: 115-122.
    • (1974) Brain , vol.97 , pp. 115-122
    • Jerusalem, F.1    Engel, A.G.2    Gomez, M.R.3
  • 14
    • 0021084081 scopus 로고
    • Endothelial alterations of skeletal muscle capillaries in childhood myopathies
    • Kobayashi Y, Suzuki H, Iinuma K, Tada K, Yamamoto TY (1983) Endothelial alterations of skeletal muscle capillaries in childhood myopathies. Tohoku J Exp Med 140: 381-389.
    • (1983) Tohoku J Exp Med , vol.140 , pp. 381-389
    • Kobayashi, Y.1    Suzuki, H.2    Iinuma, K.3    Tada, K.4    Yamamoto, T.Y.5
  • 15
    • 0023511611 scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial cell injury and platelet embolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy at the preclinical stage
    • Miike T, Sugino S, Ohtani Y, Taku K, Yoshioka K (1987) Vascular endothelial cell injury and platelet embolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy at the preclinical stage. J Neurol Sci 82: 67-80.
    • (1987) J Neurol Sci , vol.82 , pp. 67-80
    • Miike, T.1    Sugino, S.2    Ohtani, Y.3    Taku, K.4    Yoshioka, K.5
  • 16
    • 0016812881 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the structure of small blood vessels in normal, denervated and dystrophic human muscle
    • Musch BC, Papapetropoulos TA, McQueen DA, Hudgson P, Weightman D (1975) A comparison of the structure of small blood vessels in normal, denervated and dystrophic human muscle. J Neurol Sci 26: 221-234.
    • (1975) J Neurol Sci , vol.26 , pp. 221-234
    • Musch, B.C.1    Papapetropoulos, T.A.2    McQueen, D.A.3    Hudgson, P.4    Weightman, D.5
  • 17
    • 0020684990 scopus 로고
    • Increased contractility in vascular smooth muscle of dystrophic hamsters
    • Hunter EG, Elbrink J (1983) Increased contractility in vascular smooth muscle of dystrophic hamsters. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 61: 182-185.
    • (1983) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.61 , pp. 182-185
    • Hunter, E.G.1    Elbrink, J.2
  • 18
    • 0024431035 scopus 로고
    • Possible systemic smooth muscle layer dysfunction due to a deficiency of dystrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
    • Miyatake M, Miike, T, Zhao J, Yoshioka K, Uchino M, et al. (1989) Possible systemic smooth muscle layer dysfunction due to a deficiency of dystrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Neurol Sci 93: 11-17.
    • (1989) J Neurol Sci , vol.93 , pp. 11-17
    • Miyatake, M.1    Miike, T.2    Zhao, J.3    Yoshioka, K.4    Uchino, M.5
  • 19
    • 0031755357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscular dystrophy in mdx mice despite lack of neuronal nitric oxide synthase
    • Chao DS, Silvagno F, Bredt DS (1998) Muscular dystrophy in mdx mice despite lack of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. J Neurochem 71: 784-789.
    • (1998) J Neurochem , vol.71 , pp. 784-789
    • Chao, D.S.1    Silvagno, F.2    Bredt, D.S.3
  • 21
    • 84940141888 scopus 로고
    • Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor
    • Komori K, Vanhoutte PM (1990) Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. Blood Vessels 27: 238-245.
    • (1990) Blood Vessels , vol.27 , pp. 238-245
    • Komori, K.1    Vanhoutte, P.M.2
  • 22
    • 9144223017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pivotal role of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase in endothelium-dependent hyper-polarization
    • Morikawa K, Shimokawa H, Matoba T, Kubota H, Akaike T, et al. (2003) Pivotal role of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase in endothelium-dependent hyper-polarization. J Clin Invest 112: 1871-1879.
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.112 , pp. 1871-1879
    • Morikawa, K.1    Shimokawa, H.2    Matoba, T.3    Kubota, H.4    Akaike, T.5
  • 23
    • 0035891532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies: A "two hit" hypothesis of the cause of muscle necrosis
    • Rando TA (2001) Role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies: a "two hit" hypothesis of the cause of muscle necrosis Microsc Res Tech 55: 223-235.
    • (2001) Microsc Res Tech , vol.55 , pp. 223-235
    • Rando, T.A.1
  • 24
    • 0024361964 scopus 로고
    • Local tissue oxygenation during constant red blood cell flux: A discrete source analysis of velocity and hematocrit changes
    • Tsai AG, Intaglietta M (1989) Local tissue oxygenation during constant red blood cell flux: a discrete source analysis of velocity and hematocrit changes. Microvasc Res 37: 308-322.
    • (1989) Microvasc Res , vol.37 , pp. 308-322
    • Tsai, A.G.1    Intaglietta, M.2
  • 25
    • 1542603668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributions of wall shear stress in venular convergences of mouse cremaster muscle
    • Kim MB, Sarelius IH (2003) Distributions of wall shear stress in venular convergences of mouse cremaster muscle. Microcirculation 10: 167-178.
    • (2003) Microcirculation , vol.10 , pp. 167-178
    • Kim, M.B.1    Sarelius, I.H.2
  • 26
    • 33744928913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal profile of rat skeletal muscle capillary haemodynamics during recovery from contractions
    • Ferreira LF, Padilla DJ, Musch TI, Poole DC (2006) Temporal profile of rat skeletal muscle capillary haemodynamics during recovery from contractions. J Physiol 573: 787-797.
    • (2006) J Physiol , vol.573 , pp. 787-797
    • Ferreira, L.F.1    Padilla, D.J.2    Musch, T.I.3    Poole, D.C.4
  • 27
    • 0030445841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythrocyte flux in capillary networks during maturation: Implications for oxygen delivery
    • Berg BR, Sarelius IH (1996) Erythrocyte flux in capillary networks during maturation: implications for oxygen delivery. Am J Physiol 271: H2263-2273.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.271
    • Berg, B.R.1    Sarelius, I.H.2
  • 28
    • 0023193670 scopus 로고
    • Effect of high voltage stimulation on blood flow in the rat hind limb
    • Mohr T, Akers TK, Wessman HC (1987) Effect of high voltage stimulation on blood flow in the rat hind limb. Phys Ther 67: 526-533.
    • (1987) Phys Ther , vol.67 , pp. 526-533
    • Mohr, T.1    Akers, T.K.2    Wessman, H.C.3
  • 29
    • 0023234323 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that cGMP is the mediator of endothelium-dependent inhibition of contractile responses of rat arteries to alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation
    • MacLeod KM, Ng DD, Harris KH, Diamond J (1987) Evidence that cGMP is the mediator of endothelium-dependent inhibition of contractile responses of rat arteries to alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation. Mol Pharmacol 32: 59-64.
    • (1987) Mol Pharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 59-64
    • MacLeod, K.M.1    Ng, D.D.2    Harris, K.H.3    Diamond, J.4
  • 30
    • 0021874540 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) mediates endothelium-dependent relaxation
    • Griffith TM, Edwards DH, Lewis MJ, Henderson AH (1985) Evidence that cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) mediates endothelium-dependent relaxation. Eur J Pharmacol 112: 195-202.
    • (1985) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.112 , pp. 195-202
    • Griffith, T.M.1    Edwards, D.H.2    Lewis, M.J.3    Henderson, A.H.4
  • 31
    • 0023518452 scopus 로고
    • Endothelium-derived relaxing factor from pulmonary artery and vein possesses pharmacologic and chemical properties identical to those of nitric oxide radical
    • Ignarro LJ, Byrns RE, Buga GM, Wood KS (1987) Endothelium-derived relaxing factor from pulmonary artery and vein possesses pharmacologic and chemical properties identical to those of nitric oxide radical. Circ Res 61: 866-879.
    • (1987) Circ Res , vol.61 , pp. 866-879
    • Ignarro, L.J.1    Byrns, R.E.2    Buga, G.M.3    Wood, K.S.4
  • 32
    • 0035725895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular responses to beta-adrenoceptor subtype-selective agonists with and without endothelium in rat common carotid arteries
    • Chiba S, Tsukada M (2001) Vascular responses to beta-adrenoceptor subtype-selective agonists with and without endothelium in rat common carotid arteries. J Auton Pharmacol 21: 7-13.
    • (2001) J Auton Pharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 7-13
    • Chiba, S.1    Tsukada, M.2
  • 33
    • 23244465468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of nitric oxide production in vascular endothelial cells by all-trans retinoic acid through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway
    • Uruno A, Sugawara A, Kanatsuka H, Kagechika H, Saito A, et al. (2005) Upregulation of nitric oxide production in vascular endothelial cells by all-trans retinoic acid through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Circulation 112: 727-736.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 727-736
    • Uruno, A.1    Sugawara, A.2    Kanatsuka, H.3    Kagechika, H.4    Saito, A.5
  • 34
    • 0032955699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charybdotoxin and apamin block EDHF in rat mesenteric artery if selectively applied to the endothelium
    • Doughty JM, Plane F, Langton PD (1999) Charybdotoxin and apamin block EDHF in rat mesenteric artery if selectively applied to the endothelium. Am J Physiol 276: H1107-1112.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.276
    • Doughty, J.M.1    Plane, F.2    Langton, P.D.3
  • 35
    • 0031588371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelium and cannabinoid receptor involvement in levcromakalim vasorelaxation
    • White R, Hiley CR (1997) Endothelium and cannabinoid receptor involvement in levcromakalim vasorelaxation. Eur J Pharmacol 339: 157-160.
    • (1997) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.339 , pp. 157-160
    • White, R.1    Hiley, C.R.2
  • 36
    • 0010478667 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial damage in muscle occurs after marked depletion of glutathione and is prevented by giving glutathione monoester
    • Martensson J, Meister A (1989) Mitochondrial damage in muscle occurs after marked depletion of glutathione and is prevented by giving glutathione monoester. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 471-475.
    • (1989) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.86 , pp. 471-475
    • Martensson, J.1    Meister, A.2
  • 37
    • 0034948458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle necrosis and regeneration after injection of Thalassophryne nattereri (niquim) fish venom in mice
    • Lopes-Ferreira M, Nunez J, Rucavado A, Farsky SH, Lomonte B, et al. (2001) Skeletal muscle necrosis and regeneration after injection of Thalassophryne nattereri (niquim) fish venom in mice. Int J Exp Pathol 82: 55-64.
    • (2001) Int J Exp Pathol , vol.82 , pp. 55-64
    • Lopes-Ferreira, M.1    Nunez, J.2    Rucavado, A.3    Farsky, S.H.4    Lomonte, B.5
  • 38
    • 0029034975 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis precedes necrosis of dystrophin-deficient muscle
    • Tidball JG, Albrecht DE, Lokensgard BE, Spencer MJ (1995) Apoptosis precedes necrosis of dystrophin-deficient muscle. J Cell Sci 108 (Pt 6): 2197-2204.
    • (1995) J Cell Sci , vol.108 , Issue.PART 6 , pp. 2197-2204
    • Tidball, J.G.1    Albrecht, D.E.2    Lokensgard, B.E.3    Spencer, M.J.4
  • 39
    • 0025662048 scopus 로고
    • Dystrophin-deficient mdx muscle fibers are preferentially vulnerable to necrosis induced by experimental lengthening contractions
    • Weller B, Karpati G, Carpenter S (1990) Dystrophin-deficient mdx muscle fibers are preferentially vulnerable to necrosis induced by experimental lengthening contractions. J Neurol Sci 100: 9-13.
    • (1990) J Neurol Sci , vol.100 , pp. 9-13
    • Weller, B.1    Karpati, G.2    Carpenter, S.3
  • 40
    • 0037003908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozymes expressed in mouse skeletal muscle
    • Bloom TJ (2002) Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozymes expressed in mouse skeletal muscle. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 80: 1132-1135.
    • (2002) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.80 , pp. 1132-1135
    • Bloom, T.J.1
  • 41
    • 0035494438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nitric oxide synthase transgene ameliorates muscular dystrophy in mdx mice
    • Wehling M, Spencer MJ, Tidball JG (2001) A nitric oxide synthase transgene ameliorates muscular dystrophy in mdx mice. J Cell Biol 155: 123-131.
    • (2001) J Cell Biol , vol.155 , pp. 123-131
    • Wehling, M.1    Spencer, M.J.2    Tidball, J.G.3
  • 42
    • 4043150071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of a NOS transgene in dystrophin-deficient muscle reduces muscle membrane damage without increasing the expression of membrane-associated cytoskeletal proteins
    • Tidball JG, Wehling-Henricks M (2004) Expression of a NOS transgene in dystrophin-deficient muscle reduces muscle membrane damage without increasing the expression of membrane-associated cytoskeletal proteins. Mol Genet Metab 82: 312-320.
    • (2004) Mol Genet Metab , vol.82 , pp. 312-320
    • Tidball, J.G.1    Wehling-Henricks, M.2
  • 43
    • 33745610045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smooth muscle-specific dystrophin expression improves aberrant vasoregulation in mdx mice
    • Ito K, Kimura S, Ozasa S, Matsukura M, Ikezawa M, et al. (2006) Smooth muscle-specific dystrophin expression improves aberrant vasoregulation in mdx mice. Hum Mol Genet 15: 2266-2275.
    • (2006) Hum Mol Genet , vol.15 , pp. 2266-2275
    • Ito, K.1    Kimura, S.2    Ozasa, S.3    Matsukura, M.4    Ikezawa, M.5
  • 44
    • 0019195506 scopus 로고
    • The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine
    • Furchgott RF, WZawadzki JV (1980) The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 288: 373-376.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.288 , pp. 373-376
    • Furchgott, R.F.1    WZawadzki, J.V.2
  • 45
    • 18044372877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide and penile erectile function
    • Toda N, Ayajiki K, Okamura T (2005) Nitric oxide and penile erectile function. Pharmacol Ther 106: 233-266.
    • (2005) Pharmacol Ther , vol.106 , pp. 233-266
    • Toda, N.1    Ayajiki, K.2    Okamura, T.3
  • 46
    • 0029149471 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide synthase complexed with dystrophin and absent from skeletal muscle sarcolemma in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
    • Brenman JE, Chao DS, Xia H, Aldape K, Bredt DS (1995) Nitric oxide synthase complexed with dystrophin and absent from skeletal muscle sarcolemma in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cell 82: 743-752.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.82 , pp. 743-752
    • Brenman, J.E.1    Chao, D.S.2    Xia, H.3    Aldape, K.4    Bredt, D.S.5
  • 47
    • 0032852539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased myocardial nNOS, increased iNOS and abnormal ECGs in mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
    • Bia BL, Cassidy PJ, Young ME, Rafael JA, Leighton B, et al. (1999) Decreased myocardial nNOS, increased iNOS and abnormal ECGs in mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 31: 1857-1862.
    • (1999) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.31 , pp. 1857-1862
    • Bia, B.L.1    Cassidy, P.J.2    Young, M.E.3    Rafael, J.A.4    Leighton, B.5
  • 48
    • 0035346311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • iNOS expression in dystrophinopathies can be reduced by somatic gene transfer of dystrophin or utrophin
    • Louboutin JP, Rouger K, Tinsley JM, Halldorson J, Wilson JM (2001) iNOS expression in dystrophinopathies can be reduced by somatic gene transfer of dystrophin or utrophin. Mol Med 7: 355-364.
    • (2001) Mol Med , vol.7 , pp. 355-364
    • Louboutin, J.P.1    Rouger, K.2    Tinsley, J.M.3    Halldorson, J.4    Wilson, J.M.5
  • 49
    • 0033489855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine-induced macrophage differentiation: A tale of 2 genes
    • Winston BW, Krein PM, Mowat C, Huang Y (1999) Cytokine-induced macrophage differentiation: a tale of 2 genes. Clin Invest Med 22: 236-255.
    • (1999) Clin Invest Med , vol.22 , pp. 236-255
    • Winston, B.W.1    Krein, P.M.2    Mowat, C.3    Huang, Y.4
  • 50
    • 0024430671 scopus 로고
    • Loss of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase gene expression in differentiated cells of myelo-monocytic origin
    • Auwerx JH, Chait A, Wolfbauer G, Deeb SS (1989) Loss of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase gene expression in differentiated cells of myelo-monocytic origin. Blood 74: 1807-1810.
    • (1989) Blood , vol.74 , pp. 1807-1810
    • Auwerx, J.H.1    Chait, A.2    Wolfbauer, G.3    Deeb, S.S.4
  • 51
    • 0026320132 scopus 로고
    • Changes in Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase gene during induced erythroid and myeloid differentiation
    • Tomoda T, Nomura I, Kurashige T, Kubonishi I, Miyoshi I, et al. (1991) Changes in Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase gene during induced erythroid and myeloid differentiation. Acta Haematol 86: 183-188.
    • (1991) Acta Haematol , vol.86 , pp. 183-188
    • Tomoda, T.1    Nomura, I.2    Kurashige, T.3    Kubonishi, I.4    Miyoshi, I.5
  • 52
    • 3042836344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity dampen H2O2 signaling in human alveolar macrophages
    • Carter AB, Tephly LA, Venkataraman S, Oberley LW, Zhang Y, et al. (2004) High levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity dampen H2O2 signaling in human alveolar macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 31: 43-53.
    • (2004) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.31 , pp. 43-53
    • Carter, A.B.1    Tephly, L.A.2    Venkataraman, S.3    Oberley, L.W.4    Zhang, Y.5
  • 53
    • 0021615146 scopus 로고
    • Creatine kinase estimation in pure fetal blood samples for the prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
    • Edwards RJ, Watts DC, Watts RL, Rodeck CH (1984) Creatine kinase estimation in pure fetal blood samples for the prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Prenat Diagn 4:267-277.
    • (1984) Prenat Diagn , vol.4 , pp. 267-277
    • Edwards, R.J.1    Watts, D.C.2    Watts, R.L.3    Rodeck, C.H.4
  • 54
    • 0017601373 scopus 로고
    • Muscle histology and creatine kinase levels in the foetus in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
    • Emery AE (1977) Muscle histology and creatine kinase levels in the foetus in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nature 266: 472-473.
    • (1977) Nature , vol.266 , pp. 472-473
    • Emery, A.E.1
  • 56
    • 13844312793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac and sternocleidomastoid muscle involvement in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: An MRI study
    • Mavrogeni S, Tzelepis GE, Athanasopoulos G, Maounis T, Douskou M, et al. (2005) Cardiac and sternocleidomastoid muscle involvement in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an MRI study. Chest 127: 143-148.
    • (2005) Chest , vol.127 , pp. 143-148
    • Mavrogeni, S.1    Tzelepis, G.E.2    Athanasopoulos, G.3    Maounis, T.4    Douskou, M.5
  • 57
    • 0023120978 scopus 로고
    • Visualization of neuromuscular junctions over periods of several months in living mice
    • Lichtman JW, Magrassi L, Purves D (1987) Visualization of neuromuscular junctions over periods of several months in living mice. J Neurosci 7: 1215-1222.
    • (1987) J Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 1215-1222
    • Lichtman, J.W.1    Magrassi, L.2    Purves, D.3
  • 58
    • 84975030700 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology
    • Strahler AN (1957) Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Trans Am Geophys Union 38: 913-920.
    • (1957) Trans Am Geophys Union , vol.38 , pp. 913-920
    • Strahler, A.N.1
  • 59
    • 0024307890 scopus 로고
    • In vivo visualization of pre- and postsynaptic changes during synapse elimination in reinnervated mouse muscle
    • Rich MM, Lichtman JW (1989) In vivo visualization of pre- and postsynaptic changes during synapse elimination in reinnervated mouse muscle. J Neurosci 9: 1781-1805.
    • (1989) J Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 1781-1805
    • Rich, M.M.1    Lichtman, J.W.2
  • 60
    • 0028817970 scopus 로고
    • Visualization of dystrophic muscle fibers in mdx mouse by vital staining with Evans blue: Evidence of apoptosis in dystrophin-deficient muscle
    • Matsuda R, Nishikawa A, Tanaka H (1995) Visualization of dystrophic muscle fibers in mdx mouse by vital staining with Evans blue: evidence of apoptosis in dystrophin-deficient muscle. J Biochem (Tokyo) 118: 959-964.
    • (1995) J Biochem (Tokyo) , vol.118 , pp. 959-964
    • Matsuda, R.1    Nishikawa, A.2    Tanaka, H.3
  • 61
    • 0026251517 scopus 로고
    • Spatial distribution of red blood cells in individual skeletal muscle capillaries during extreme hemodilution
    • Tsai AG, Arfors KE, Intaglietta M (1991) Spatial distribution of red blood cells in individual skeletal muscle capillaries during extreme hemodilution. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp 10: 317-334.
    • (1991) Int J Microcirc Clin Exp , vol.10 , pp. 317-334
    • Tsai, A.G.1    Arfors, K.E.2    Intaglietta, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.