Beyond the comparator model: A multifactorial two-step account of agency

Consciousness and Cognition

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 219-239

  Synofzik, Matthis ^a   Vosgerau, Gottfried ^b   Newen, Albert ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Alien hand; Delusions; Delusions of control; Efference copy; Internal model; Ownership; Schizophrenia; Self; Sense of agency; Thought insertion

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DECISION MAKING; DELUSION; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PERCEPTION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION;

EID: 40749092490     PISSN: 10538100     EISSN: 10902376     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2007.03.010     Document Type: Article

References (122)

1. Aarts H., Custers R., and Wegner D. On the inference of person authorship: Enhancing experienced agency by priming effect information. Conscious Cognition 14 (2005) 439-458
2. Aleman A., and Kahn R.S. Strange feelings: Do amygdala abnormalities dysregulate the emotional brain in schizophrenia?. Progress in Neurobiology 77 (2005) 283-298
3. Anscombe G.E.M. Intention (1957), Blackwell, Oxford
4. Bayne T., and Pacherie E. In defence of a doxastic conception of delusions. Mind & Language 20 (2005) 163-188
5. Bays P.M., Wolpert D.M., and Flanagan J.R. Perception of the consequences of self-action is temporally tuned and event driven. Current Biology 15 12 (2005) 1125-1128
6. Bell C.C. Memory-based expectations in electrosensory systems. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 11 (2001) 481-487
7. Bisiach E., and Geminiani G. Anosognosia related to hemiplegia and hemianopia. In: Prigatano G.P., and Schacter D.L. (Eds). Awareness of deficit after brain injury (1991), Oxford University Press, New York 17-39
8. Bisiach E., Rusconi M.L., and Vallar G. Remission of somatoparaphrenic delusion through vestibular stimulation. Neuropsychologia 29 (1991) 1029-1031
9. Blakemore S.J., Boyer P., Pachot-Clouard M., Meltzoff A., Segebarth C., and Decety J. The detection of contingency and animacy from simple animations in the human brain. Cerebral Cortex 13 (2003) 837-844
10. Blakemore S.J., Frith C.D., and Wolpert D.M. Spatio-temporal prediction modulates the perception of self-produced stimuli. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 11 5 (1999) 551-559
11. Blakemore S.J., Goodbody S.J., and Wolpert D.M. Predicting the consequences of our own actions: the role of sensorimotor context estimation. Journal of Neuroscience 18 18 (1998) 7511-7518
12. Blakemore S.J., Sarfati Y., Bazin N., and Decety J. The detection of intentional contingencies in simple animations in patients with delusions of persecution. Psychological Medicine 33 8 (2003) 1433-1441
13. Blakemore S.J., Smith J., Steel R., Johnstone C.E., and Frith C.D. The perception of self-produced sensory stimuli in patients with auditory hallucinations and passivity experiences: Evidence for a breakdown in self-monitoring. Psychological Medicine 30 5 (2000) 1131-1139
14. Blakemore S.J., Wolpert D.M., and Frith C.D. Central cancellation of self-produced tickle sensation. Nature Neuroscience 1 7 (1998) 635-640
15. Blakemore S.J., Wolpert D.M., and Frith C.D. Abnormalities in the awareness of action. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6 6 (2002) 237-242
16. Botvinick M. Probing the neural basis of body ownership. Science 305 5685 (2004) 782-783
17. Botvinick M., and Cohen J. Rubber hands 'feel' touch that eyes see. Nature 391 6669 (1998) 756
18. Cahill C., Silbersweig D., and Frith C. Psychotic experiences induced in deluded patients using distorted auditory feedback. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 1 (1996) 201-211
19. Campbell J. Schizophrenia, the space of reasons, and thinking as motor process. The Monist 84 (1999) 609-625
20. Campbell J. The ownership of thoughts. Philosophy Psychiatry Psychology 9 (2002) 35-40
21. Campbell J. The first person, embodiment, and the certainty that one exists. The Monist 87 (2004) 475-488
22. Coliva A. Thought insertion and immunity to error through misidentification. Philosophy Psychiatry Psychology 9 (2002) 27-34
23. Daprati E., Franck N., Georgieff N., Proust J., Pacherie E., Dalery J., et al. Looking for the agent: An investigation into consciousness of action and self-consciousness in schizophrenic patients. Cognition 65 1 (1997) 71-86
24. Daprati E., and Sirigu A. Laterality effects on motor awareness. Neuropsychologia 40 8 (2002) 1379-1386
25. Davies M., Coltheart M., Langdon R., and Breen N. Monothematic delusions: Towards a two-factor account. Philosophy Psychiatry Psychology 8 2-3 (2001) 133-158
26. Delevoye-Turrell Y., Giersch A., and Danion J.M. A deficit in the adjustment of grip force responses in schizophrenia. Neuroreport 13 12 (2002) 1537-1539
27. de Vignemont F., and Fourneret P. The sense of agency: A philosophical and empirical review of the "Who" system. Conscious Cognition 13 1 (2004) 1-19
28. Ehrsson H.H., Holmes N.P., and Passingham R.E. Touching a rubber hand: Feeling of body ownership is associated with activity in multisensory brain areas. Journal of Neuroscience 25 (2005) 10564-10573
29. Ehrsson H.H., Spence C., and Passingham R.E. That's my hand! Activity in premotor cortex reflects feeling of ownership of a limb. Science 305 5685 (2004) 875-877
30. Eilan N., and Roessler J. Agency and self-awareness: Mechanisms and epistemology. In: Roessler J., and Eilan N. (Eds). Agency and self-awareness (2003), OUP, Oxford 1-47
31. Erichsen F. Die Bedeutung von Werthaltungen für die Schizophrenie [the significance of valence in schizophrenia]. Psychiatria Clinica 6 (1973) 30-52
32. Evans G. The varieties of reference (1982), Oxford University Press, Oxford
33. Farrer C., Franck N., Georgieff N., Frith C.D., Decety J., and Jeannerod M. Modulating the experience of agency: A positron emission tomography study. Neuroimage 18 2 (2003) 324-333
34. Farrer C., Franck N., Paillard J., and Jeannerod M. The role of proprioception in action recognition. Conscious Cognition 12 4 (2003) 609-619
35. Feinberg I. Efference copy and corollary discharge: Implications for thinking and its disorders. Schizophrenia Bulletin 4 4 (1978) 636-640
36. Festinger L. A theory of cognitive dissonance (1957), University Press, Stanford, CA
37. Festinger L. Conflict, decision, and dissonance (1964), University Press, Stanford CA
38. Fink G.R., Marshall J.C., Halligan P.W., Frith C.D., Driver J., Frackowiak R.S., et al. The neural consequences of conflict between intention and the senses. Brain 122 Pt 3 (1999) 497-512
39. Flanagan J.R., Vetter P., Johansson R.S., and Wolpert D.M. Prediction precedes control in motor learning. Current Biology 13 2 (2003) 146-150
40. Fourneret P., Franck N., Slachevsky A., and Jeannerod M. Self-monitoring in schizophrenia revisited. Neuroreport 12 6 (2001) 1203-1208
41. Fourneret P., Paillard J., Lamarre Y., Cole J., and Jeannerod M. Lack of conscious recognition of one's own actions in a haptically deafferented patient. Neuroreport 13 4 (2002) 541-547
42. Franck N., Farrer C., Georgieff N., Marie-Cardine M., Dalery J., d'Amato T., et al. Defective recognition of one's own actions in patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 158 3 (2001) 454-459
43. Frith C. The cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia (1992), Erlbaum, Hilsdale
44. Frith C. Comments on Shaun Gallagher: Neurocognitive models of schizophrenia: A neurophenomenological critique. Psychopathology 37 1 (2004) 20-22
45. Frith C. The self in action: Lessons from delusions of control. Conscious Cognition 14 4 (2005) 752-770
46. Frith C.D., Blakemore S., and Wolpert D.M. Explaining the symptoms of schizophrenia: Abnormalities in the awareness of action. Brain Research Brain Research Review 31 2-3 (2000) 357-363
47. Frith C.D., and Done D.J. Experiences of alien control in schizophrenia reflect a disorder in the central monitoring of action. Psychological Medicine 19 2 (1989) 359-363
48. Gallagher S. Philosophical conceptions of the self: Implications for cognitive science. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 (2000) 14-21
49. Gallagher S. Neurocognitive models of schizophrenia: A neurophenomenological critique. Psychopathology 37 1 (2004) 8-19
50. Gallagher S. How the body shapes the mind (2005), OUP, Oxford
51. Gallagher S. The Natural Philosophy of Agency. Philosophy Compass 2 2 (2007) 347-357
52. Haarmeier T., Bunjes F., Lindner A., Berret E., and Thier P. Optimizing visual motion perception during eye movements. Neuron 32 3 (2001) 527-535
53. Haggard P. Conscious intention and motor cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9 6 (2005) 290-295
54. Haggard P., Martin F., Taylor-Clarke M., Jeannerod M., and Franck N. Awareness of action in schizophrenia. Neuroreport 14 7 (2003) 1081-1085
55. Held R., and Freedman S.J. Plasticity in human sensorimotor control. Science 142 (1963) 455-462
56. Helmholtz H. Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik (1866), Voss, Leipzig
57. Henquet C., Krabbendam L., Dautzenberg J., Jolles J., and Merckelbach H. Confusing thoughts and speech: Source monitoring and psychosis. Psychiatry Research 133 1 (2005) 57-63
58. Humphreys L., and Barrowclough C. Attributional style, defensive functioning and persecutory delusions: Symptom-specific or general coping strategy?. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology 45 (2006) 231-246
59. Jeannerod M. Visual and action cues contribute to the self-other distinction. Nature Neuroscience 7 (2004) 422-423
60. Jeannerod M., and Pacherie E. Agency, simulation and self-identification. Mind & Language 19 (2004) 113-146
61. Johnson M.K., and Raye C.L. Reality monitoring. Psychological Review 88 (1981) 67-85
62. Karnath H.O. Disturbed coordinate transformation in the neural representation of space as the crucial mechanism leading to neglect. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 4 (1994) 147-150
63. Karnath H.O. Spatial orientation and the representation of space with parietal lobe lesions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 352 (1997) 1411-1419
64. Kawato M. Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 9 (1999) 718-727
65. Keefe R.S., Arnold M.C., Bayen U.J., McEvoy J.P., and Wilson W.H. Source-monitoring deficits for self-generated stimuli in schizophrenia: Multinomial modeling of data from three sources. Schizophrenia Research 57 1 (2002) 51-67
66. Kircher T.T., and Leube D.T. Self-consciousness, self-agency, and schizophrenia. Conscious Cognition 12 4 (2003) 656-669
67. Knoblich G., Elsner B., Aschersleben G., and Metzinger T. Grounding the self in action. Conscious and Cognition 12 (2003) 487-494
68. Knoblich G., Stottmeister F., and Kircher T. Self-monitoring in patients with schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine 34 8 (2004) 1561-1569
69. Lau H.C., Rogers R.D., Haggard P., and Passingham R.E. Attention to intention. Science 303 (2004) 1208-1210
70. Legrand D. The bodily self: The sensorimotor roots of pre-reflexive self-consciousness. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 5 (2006) 89-118
71. Leube D.T., Knoblich G., Erb M., Grodd W., Bartels M., and Kircher T.T. The neural correlates of perceiving one's own movements. Neuroimage 20 4 (2003) 2084-2090
72. Libet B., Gleason C.A., Wright E.W., and Pearl D.K. Time of conscious intention to act in relation to onset of cerebral activity (readiness-potential). The unconscious initiation of a freely voluntary act. Brain 106 Pt 3 (1983) 623-642
73. Liddle P.F. Schizophrenic syndromes, cognitive performance and neurological dysfunction. Psychological Medicine 17 1 (1987) 49-57
74. Lindner A., Haarmeier T., Erb M., Grodd W., and Thier P. Cerebrocerebellar circuits for the perceptual cancellation of eye-movement-induced retinal image motion. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18 (2006) 1899-1912
75. Lindner A., Thier P., Kircher T.T., Haarmeier T., and Leube D.T. Disorders of agency in schizophrenia correlate with an inability to compensate for the sensory consequences of actions. Current Biology 15 12 (2005) 1119-1124
76. Malenka R.C., Angel R.W., Hampton B., and Berger P.A. Impaired central error-correcting behavior in schizophrenia. Archieves of General Psychiatry 39 1 (1982) 101-107
77. Marcel A. The sense of agency: Awareness and ownership of action. In: Roessler J., and Eilan N. (Eds). Agency and awarness (2003), Oxford University Press, Oxford 48-93
78. Martin J.A., and Penn D.L. Attributional style in schizophrenia: An investigation in outpatients with and without persecutory delusions. Schizophrenia Bulletin 28 (2002) 131-141
79. Mechsner F. A psychological approach to human voluntary movement. Journal of Motor Behavior 36 4 (2004) 355-370
80. Mechsner F., Kerzel D., Knoblich G., and Prinz W. Perceptual basis of bimanual coordination. Nature 414 6859 (2001) 69-73
81. Morrison A.P., and Haddock G. Cognitive factors in source monitoring and auditory hallucinations. Psychological Medicine 27 3 (1997) 669-679
82. Mushiake H., Saito N., Sakamoto K., Itoyama Y., and Tanji J. Activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex reflects multiple steps of future events in action plans. Neuron 50 (2006) 631-641
83. Newen A., and Vogeley K. Self-representation: Searching for a neural signature of self-consciousness. Conscious Cognition 12 4 (2003) 529-543
84. Pacherie E. The content of intentions. Mind & Language 15 (2000) 400-432
85. Pacherie E. Agency lost and found: A commentary on spence. Philosophy Psychiatry Psychology 8 2/3 (2001) 173-176
86. Pacherie E., Green M., and Bayne T. Phenomenology and delusions: Who put the 'alien' in alien control?. Consciousness and Cognition 15 (2006) 566-577
87. Poulet J.F., and Hedwig B. A corollary discharge maintains auditory sensitivity during sound production. Nature 418 6900 (2002) 872-876
88. Prinz W. Experimental approaches to action. In: Roessler J., and Eilan N. (Eds). Agency and self-awareness (2003), OUP, Oxford 165-187
89. Proust J. Perceiving intentions. In: Roessler J., and Eilan N. (Eds). Agency and self-awareness (2003), OUP, Oxford 296-320
90. Ramachandran V.S., and Hirstein W. The perception of phantom limbs. The D.O. Hebb lecture. Brain 121 Pt 9 (1998) 1603-1630
91. Ramachandran V.S., and Rogers-Ramachandran D. Synaesthesia in phantom limbs induced with mirrors. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 263 1369 (1996) 377-386
92. Saito N., Mushiake H., Sakamoto K., Itoyama Y., and Tanji J. Representation of immediate and final behavioral goals in the monkey prefrontal cortex during an instructed delay period. Cerebral Cortex 15 (2005) 1535-1546
93. Shergill S.S., Bays P.M., Frith C.D., and Wolpert D.M. Two eyes for an eye: The neuroscience of force escalation. Science 301 5630 (2003) 187
94. Shergill S.S., Samson G., Bays P.M., Frith C.D., and Wolpert D.M. Evidence for sensory prediction deficits in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 162 12 (2005) 2384-2386
95. Sirigu A., Daprati E., Pradat-Diehl P., Franck N., and Jeannerod M. Perception of self-generated movement following left parietal lesion. Brain 122 Pt 10 (1999) 1867-1874
96. Slachevsky A., Pillon B., Fourneret P., Pradat-Diehl P., Jeannerod M., and Dubois B. Preserved adjustment but impaired awareness in a sensory-motor conflict following prefrontal lesions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 13 3 (2001) 332-340
97. Spence S.A. Alien control: From phenomenology to cognitive neurobiology. Philosophy Psychiatry Psychology 8 2/3 (2001) 163-172
98. Sperry R. Neural basis of the spontaneous optokinetic response produced by visual inversion. Journal of Comparative Physiology and Psychology 43 (1950) 482-489
99. Stephens G.L., and Graham G. When self-consciousness rbreaks: Alien voices and inserted thoughts (2000), MIT Press, Cambridge
100. Subotnik K.L., Nuechterlein K.H., Green M.F., Horan W.P., Nienow T.M., Ventura J., et al. Neurocognitive and social cognitive correlates of formal thought disorder in schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia Research 85 1-3 (2006) 84-95
101. Synofzik, M., Schlotterbeck, P., Leube, D. T., Thier, P., & Lindner, A. (2005). When self-monitoring breaks down: The differential role of external and internal information for the perception of self-action in schizophrenia. Paper presented at the ASSC 9, Pasadena, Caltech.
102. Synofzik M., Thier P., and Lindner A. Internalizing agency of self-action: Perception of one's own hand movements depends on an adaptable prediction about the sensory action outcome. Journal of Neurophysiology 96 3 (2006) 1592-1601
103. Thier P., and Karnath H.O. Parietal lobe contributions to orientation in 3D space (1997), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
104. Tsakiris, M., Hesse, M. D., Boy, C., Haggard, P., Fink, G. R. (in press). Neural signatures of body ownership: A sensory network for bodily self-consciousness. Cereb Cortex.
105. Tsakiris M., and Haggard P. Awareness of somatic events associated with a voluntary action. Experimental Brain Research 149 (2003) 439-446
106. Tsakiris M., and Haggard P. Experimenting with the acting self. Cognitive Neuropsychology 22 (2005) 387-407
107. Tsakiris M., and Haggard P. The rubber hand illusion revisited: Visuotactile integration and self-attribution. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance 31 (2005) 80-91
108. Tsakiris M., Haggard P., Franck N., Mainy N., and Sirigu A. A specific role for efferent information in self-recognition. Cognition 96 (2005) 215-231
109. Tsakiris M., Prabhu G., and Haggard P. Having a body versus moving your body: How agency structures body-ownership. Conscious Cognition 15 2 (2006) 423-432
110. von Holst E., and Mittelstaedt H. Das Reafferenzprinzip. Naturwissenschaften 37 (1950) 464-476
111. Vosgerau, G. (in press). Conceptuality in Spatial Representation. Philosophical Psychology.
112. Vosgerau G., and Newen A. Thoughts, motor actions, and the self. Mind and Language 22 (2007) 22-43
113. Voss M., Ingram J.N., Haggard P., and Wolpert D.M. Sensorimotor attenuation by central motor command signals in the absence of movement. Nature Neuroscience 9 1 (2006) 26-27
114. Wegner D. The illusion of conscious will (2002), MIT Press, Cambridge
115. Wegner D. The mind's best trick: How we experience conscious will. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7 (2003) 65-69
116. Wegner D., and Sparrow B. Authorship processing. In: Gazzaniga M.S. (Ed). The new cognitive neurosciences. third ed. (2004), Cambridge, MIT Press
117. Wegner D.M., Sparrow B., and Winerman L. Vicarious agency: experiencing control over the movements of others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86 6 (2004) 838-848
118. Wohlschlager A., Engbert K., and Haggard P. Intentionality as a constituting condition for the own self-and other selves. Conscious Cognition 12 4 (2003) 708-716
119. Wolpert D.M., and Flanagan J.R. Motor prediction. Current Biology 11 18 (2001) R729-R732
120. Wolpert D.M., and Ghahramani Z. Computational principles of movement neuroscience. Nature Neuroscience 3 Suppl. (2000) 1212-1217
121. Wolpert D.M., Ghahramani Z., and Jordan M.I. An internal model for sensorimotor integration. Science 269 5232 (1995) 1880-1882
122. Wolpert D., Miall R.C., and Kawato M. Internal models in the cerebellum. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2 (1998) 338-347