Cross-cultural music phrase processing: An fMRI study

Human Brain Mapping

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 312-328

  Nan, Yun ^a,b   Knösche, Thomas R ^a,c   Zysset, Stefan ^a   Friedend, Angela D ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN COGNITIVE AND BRAIN SCIENCES   (Germany)

^b BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c INSTITUTE OF PSYCHOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

Cross cultural comparison; fMRI; Music perception; Phrase structure

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN REGION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULTURAL FACTOR; FEMALE; FRONTAL CORTEX; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; MUSIC; NERVE CELL NETWORK; PARIETAL LOBE; PERCEPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; AUDITORY PERCEPTION; BRAIN MAPPING; CEREBRAL CORTEX; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MUSIC; OXYGEN;

EID: 40649090444     PISSN: 10659471     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20390     Document Type: Article

References (137)

1. Adams RB, Janata P (2002): A comparison of neural circuits underlying auditory and visual object categorization. Neuroimage 16:361-377.
2. Aguirre GK, Zarahn E, DEsposito M (1997): Empirical analyses of BOLD fMRI statistics 2. Spatially smoothed data collected under null-hypothesis and experimental conditions. Neuroimage 5:199-212.
3. Aydin K, Ciftci K, Terzibasioglu E, Ozkan M, Demirtas A, Sencer S, Minareci O (2005): Quantitative proton MR spectroscopic findings of cortical reorganization in the auditory cortex of musicians. Am J Neuroradiol 26:128-136.
4. Aziz-Zadeh L, Iacoboni M, Zaidel E, Wilson S, Mazziotta J (2004): Left hemisphere motor facilitation in response to manual action sounds. Eur J Neurosci 19:2609-2612.
5. Bamiou D-E, Musiek FE, Luxon LM (2003): The insula (Island of Reil) and its role in auditory processing - Literature review. Brain Res Rev 42:143-154.
6. Bangert M, Altenmüller EO (2003): Mapping perception to action in piano practice: A longitudinal DC-EEG study. BMC Neuroscience 4:26.
7. Barnea A, Granot R, Pratt H (1994): Absolute pitch - Electrophysiological evidence. Int J Psychophysiol 16:29-38.
8. Bermudez P, Zatorre RJ (2005): Conditional associative memory for musical stimuli in nonmusicians: Implications for absolute pitch. J Neurosci 25:7718-7723.
9. Bernal B, Altman NR, Medina LS (2004): Dissecting nonverbal auditory cortex asymmetry: An fMRI study. Int J Neurosci 114:661-680.
10. Binder JR, Frost JA, Hammeke TA, Rao SM, Cox RW (1996): Function of the left planum temporale in auditory and linguistic processing. Brain 119:1239-1247.
11. Binder JR, Frost JA, Hammeke TA, Bellgowan PSF, Springer JA, Kaufman JN, Possing ET (2000): Human temporal lobe activation by speech and nonspeech sounds. Cerebral Cortex 10:512-528.
12. Binkofski F, Amunts K, Stephan KM, Posse S, Schormann T, Freund H-J, Zilles K, Seitz RJ (2000): Broca's region subserves imagery of motion: A combined cytoarchitectonic and fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 11:273-285.
13. Blood AJ, Zatorre RJ (2001): Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:11818-11823.
14. Boltz MG (1993): Time-estimation and expectancies. Mem Cogn 21:853-863.
15. Braver TS, Bongiolatti SR (2002): The role of frontopolar cortex in subgoal processing during working memory. Neuroimage 15:523-536.
16. Burton MW, Small SL, Blumstein SE (2000): The role of segmentation in phonological processing: An fMRI investigation. J Cogn Neurosci 12:679-690.
17. Caplan D, Alpert N, Waters G (1999): PET studies of syntactic processing with auditory sentence presentation. NeuroImage 9:343-351.
18. Clarke E (1985): The musical mind: The cognitive psychology of music, Sloboda JA. Nature 315:696. Book review.
19. Collette F, Van der Linden M, Laureys S, Delfiore G, Degueldre C, Luxen A, Salmon E (2005): Exploring the unity and diversity of the neural substrates of executive functioning. Hum Brain Mapp 25:409-423.
20. Corbetta M, Shulman GL (2002): Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 3:201-215.
21. Corbetta M, Kincade JM, Shulman GL (2002): Neural systems for visual orienting and their relationships to spatial working memory. J Cogn Neurosci 14:508-523.
22. Crummer GC, Walton JP, Wayman JW, Hantz EC, Frisina RD (1994): Neural processing of musical timbre by musicians, non-musicians, and musicians possessing absolute pitch. J Acoust Soc Am 95:2720-2727.
23. Dapretto M, Bookheimer SY (1999): Form and content: Dissociating syntax and semantics in sentence comprehension. Neuron 24:427-432.
24. Downar J, Crawley AP, Mikulis DJ, Davis KD (2000): A multimodal cortical network for the detection of changes in the sensory environment. Nat Neurosci 3:277-283.
25. Fadiga L, Craighero L, Buccino G, Rizzolatti G (2002): Speech listening specifically modulates the excitability of tongue muscles: A TMS study. Eur J Neurosci 15:399-402.
26. Ferrari PF, Gallese V, Rizzolatti G, Fogassi L (2003): Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and communicative mouth actions in the monkey ventral premotor cortex. Eur J Neurosci 17:1703-1714.
27. Fiez JA, Balota DA, Raichle ME, Petersen SE (1999): Effects of lexicality, frequency, and spelling-to-sound consistency on the functional anatomy of reading. Neuron 24:205-218.
28. Fifer RC (1993): Insular stroke causing unilateral auditory processing disorder: Case report. J Am Acad Audiol 4:364-369.
29. Forman SD, Cohen JD, Fitzgerald M, Eddy WF, Mintun MA, Noll DC (1995): Improved assessment of significant activation in functional magnetic-resonance- imaging (fMRI) - Use of a cluster-size threshold. Magn Reson Med 33:636-647.
30. Frankland BW, Cohen AJ (2004): Parsing of melody: Quantification and testing of the local grouping rules of Lerdahl and Jackendoff's generative theory of tonal music. Music Percept 21:499-543.
31. Friederici AD (2002): Towards a neural basis of auditory sentence processing. Trends Cogn Sci 6:78-84.
32. Friederici AD, Alter K (2004): Lateralization of auditory language functions: A dynamic dual pathway model. Brain Lang 89:267-276.
33. Friston KJ, Holmes AP, Poline JB, Grasby PJ, Williams SCR, Frackowiak RS, Turner R (1995): Analysis of fmri time-series revisited. Neuroimage 2:45-53.
34. Glover GH (1999): Deconvolution of impulse response in event-related BOLD fMRI. Neuroimage 9:416-429.
35. Griffiths TD (2003): Functional imaging of pitch analysis. Neurosci Music 999:40-49.
36. Griffiths TD, Warren JD (2002): The planum temporale as a computational hub. Trends Neurosci 25:348-353.
37. Griffiths TD, Rees A, Witton C, Cross PM, Shakir RA, Green GGR (1997): Spatial and temporal auditory processing deficits following right hemisphere infarction. A psychophysical study. Brain 120:785-794.
38. Griffiths TD, Buchel C, Frackowiak RSJ, Patterson RD (1998): Analysis of temporal structure in sound by the human brain. Nat Neurosci 1:422-427.
39. Griffiths TD, Johnsrude I, Dean JL, Green GGR (1999): A common neural substrate for the analysis of pitch and duration pattern in segmented sound? Neuroreport 10:3825-3830.
40. Habib M, Daquin G, Milandre L, Royere ML, Rey M, Lanteri A, Salamon G, Khalil R (1995): Mutism and auditory agnosia due to bilateral insular damage-role of the insula in human communication. Neuropsychologia 3:327-339.
41. Halpern AR, Zatorre RJ (1999): When that tune runs through your head: A PET investigation of auditory imagery for familiar melodies. Cereb Cortex 9:697-704.
42. Halpern AR, Zatorre RJ, Bouffard M, Johnson JA (2004): Behavioral and neural correlates of perceived and imagined musical timbre. Neuropsychologia 42:1281-1292.
43. Haueisen J, Knösche TR (2001): Involuntary motor activity in pianists evoked by music perception. J Cogn Neurosci 13:786-792.
44. Hickock G, Poeppel D (2000): Towards a functional neuroanatomy of speech perception. Trends Cogn Sci 4:131-138.
45. Hickock G, Poeppel D (2004): Dorsal and ventral streams: A framework for understanding aspects of the functional anatomy of language. Cognition 92:67-99.
46. Hirsh-Pasek K, Nelson DGK, Jusczyk PW, Cassidy KW, Druss B, Kennedy L (1987): Clauses are perceptual units for young infants. Cognition 26:269-286.
47. Holmes AP, Friston KJ (1998): Generalisability, random effects, and population inference. Neuroimage 7:754.
48. Huettel SA, McCarthy G (2001): The effects of single-trial averaging upon the spatial extent of fMRI activation. Neuroreport 12:2411-2416.
49. Iidaka T, Matsumoto A, Nogawa J, Yamamoto Y, Sadato N (2006): Frontoparietal network involved in successful retrieval from episodic memory. Spatial and temporal analyses using fMRI and ERP. Cereb Cortex 16:1349-1360.
50. Imaruoka T, Yanagida T, Miyauchi S (2003): Attentional set for external information activates the right intraparietal area. Cogn Brain Res 16:199-209.
51. Itoh K, Suwazono S, Arao H, Miyazaki K, Nakada T (2005): Electrophysiological correlates of absolute pitch and relative pitch. Cereb Cortex 15:760-769.
52. Janata P, Grafton ST (2003): Swinging in the brain: Shared neural substrates for behaviors related to sequencing and music. Nat Neurosci 6:682-687.
53. Jäncke L, Wüstenberg T, Scheich H, Heinze HJ (2002a): Phonetic perception and the temporal cortex. Neuroimage 15:733-746.
54. Jäncke L, Wüstenberg T, Schulze K, Heinze HJ (2002b): Asymmetric hemodynamic responses of the human auditory cortex to monaural and binaural stimulation. Hear Res 170:166-178.
55. Johnson JK, Petsche H, Richter P, vonStein A, Filz O (1996): The dependence of coherence estimates of spontaneous EEG on gender and music training. Music Percept 13:563-581.
56. Jusczyk PW, Krumhansl CL (1993): Pitch and rhythmic patterns affecting infants sensitivity to musical phrase structure. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 19:627-640.
57. Keenan JP, Thangaraj V, Halpern AR, Schlaug G (2001): Absolute pitch and planum temporale. Neuroimage 14:1402-1408.
58. Knösche TR, Neuhaus C, Haueisen J, Alter K (2003): The role of the planum temporale in the perception of musical phrases. In: Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Noninvasive Functional Source Imaging (NFSI), Chieti, Italy, September 2003.
59. Knösche TR, Neuhaus C, Haueisen J, Alter K, Maess B, Witte OW, Friederici AD (2005): Perception of phrase structure in music. Hum Brain Mapp 24:259-273.
60. Koelsch S, Gunter TC, von Cramon DY, Zysset S, Lohmann G, Friederici AD (2002): Bach speaks: A cortical "language-network" serves the processing of music. Neuroimage 17:956-966.
61. Koelsch S, Grossmann T, Gunter T C, Hahne A, Schröger E, Friederici AD (2003a): Children processing music: Electric brain responses reveal musical competence and gender differences. J Cogn Neurosci 15:683-693.
62. Koelsch S, Maess B, Grossmann T, Friederici AD (2003b): Electric brain responses reveal gender differences in music processing. Neuroreport 14:709-713.
63. Koelsch S, Fritz T, Schulze K, Alsop D, Schlaug G (2005): Adults and children processing music: An fMRI study. Neuroimage 25:1068-1076.
64. Koelsch S, Fritz T, von Cramon DY, Müller K, Friederici AD (2006). Investigating emotion with music: An fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 27:239-250.
65. Kreutz G, Russ MO, Bongard S, Lanfermann H (2003): Cerebral correlates of music listening. An fMRI-study on the effects of "happy" and "sad" classical music. Nervenheilkunde 22:150-156.
66. Krumhansl CL, Jusczyk PW (1990): Infants perception of phrase structure in music. Psychol Sci 1:70-73.
67. Langheim FJP, Callicott JH, Mattay VS, Duyn JH, Weinberger DR (2002): Cortical systems associated with covert music rehearsal. Neuroimage 16:901-908.
68. Lee DJ, Chen Y, Schlaug G (2003): Corpus callosum: Musician and gender effects. Neuroreport 14:205-209.
69. Levitin DJ, Menon V (2003): Musical structure is processed in "language" areas of the brain: A possible role for Brodmann Area 47 in temporal coherence. Neuroimage 20:2142-2152.
70. Levitin DJ, Menon V (2005): The neural locus of temporal structure and expectancies in music: Evidence from functional neuroimaging at 3 Tesla. Music Percept 22:563-575.
71. Liégeois-Chauvel C, Peretz I, Babai M, Laguitton V, Chauvel P (1998): Contribution of different cortical areas in the temporal lobes to music processing. Brain 121:1853-1867.
72. LoCasto PC, Krebs-Noble D, Gullapalli RP, Burton MW (2004): An fMRI investigation of speech and tone segmentation. J Cogn Neurosci 16:1612-1624.
73. Lohmann G, Muller K, Bosch V, Mentzel H, Hessler S, Chen L, Zysset S, von Cramon DY (2001): LIPSIA - A new software system for the evaluation of functional magnetic resonance images of the human brain. Comput Med Imaging Graph 25:449-457.
74. Lütkenhöner B, Steinsträter O (1998): High-precision neuromagnetic study of the functional organization of the human auditory cortex. Audiol Neurootol 3:191-213.
75. Maess B, Koelsch S, Gunter TC, Friederici AD (2001): Musical syntax is processed in Broca's area: An MEG study. Nat Neurosci 4:540-545.
76. May JK, Assheuer J, Paxinos G (2004): Atlas of the Human Brain. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press.
77. Meister IG, Krings T, Foltys H, Boroojerdi B, Muller M, Topper R, Thron A (2004): Playing piano in the mind - An fMRI study on music imagery and performance in pianists. Cogn Brain Res 19:219-228.
78. Menon V, Levitin DJ, Smith BK, Lembke A, Krasnow BD, Glazer D, Glover GH, McAdams S (2002): Neural correlates of timbre change in harmonic sounds. Neuroimage 17:1742-1754.
79. Mesulam MM, Mufson EJ (1985): The insula of Reil in man and monkey. Architectonics, connectivity and function. In: Jones EG, Peters A, editors. Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 4. New York: Plenum. pp 179-226.
80. Meyer M, Steinhauer K, Alter K, Friederici AD, von Cramon DY (2004): Brain activity varies with modulation of dynamic pitch variance in sentence melody. Brain Lang 89:277-289.
81. Morrison SJ, Demorest SM, Aylward EH, Cramer SC, Maravilla KR (2003): FMRI investigation of cross-cultural music comprehension. Neuroimage 20:378-384.
82. Müller RA, Kleinhans N, Courchesne E (2001): Broca's area and the discrimination of frequency transitions: A functional MRI study. Brain Lang 76:70-76.
83. Nakamura A, Maess B, Knösche TR, Gunter TC, Bach P, Friederici AD (2004): Cooperation of different neuronal systems during hand sign recognition. Neuroimage 23:25-34.
84. Nan Y, Knösche TR, Friederici AD (2006): The perception of music phrase structure: A cross-cultural ERP study. Brain Res 1094:179-191.
85. Neuhaus C, Knösche TR, Friederici AD (2006): Effects of musical expertise and boundary markers on phrase perception in music. J Cogn Neurosci 18:472-493.
86. Ni W, Constable RT, Mencl WE, Pugh KR, Fulbright RK, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Gore JC, Shankweiler D (2000): An event-related neuroimaging study distinguishing form and content in sentence processing. J Cogn Neurosci 12:120-133.
87. Norris DG (2000): Reduced power multislice MDEFT imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 11:445-451.
88. Ohnishi T, Matsuda H, Asada T, Aruga M, Hirakata M, Nishikawa M, Katoh A, Imabayashi E (2001): Functional anatomy of musical perception in musicians. Cereb Cortex 11:754-760.
89. Oldfield RC (1971): The assessment and analysis of handness. Neuropsychologia 9:97-113.
90. Pannekamp A, Toepel U, Alter K, Hahne A, Friederici AD (2005): Prosody-driven sentence processing: An event-related brain potential study. J Cogn Neurosci 17:407-421.
91. Patel AD, Peretz I, Tramo M, Labreque R (1998): Processing prosodic and musical patterns: A neuropsychological investigation. Brain Lang 61:123-144.
92. Penfield W, Faulk ME (1955): The insula - Further observations on its function. Brain 78:445-470.
93. Peretz I, Zatorre RJ (2005): Brain organization for music processing. Ann Rev Psychol 56:89-114.
94. Platel H, Price C, Baron JC, Wise R, Lambert J, Frackowiak RSJ, Lechevalier B, Eustache F (1997): The structural components of music perception: A functional anatomical study. Brain 120:229-243.
95. Platel H, Baron JC, Desgranges B, Bernard F, Eustache F (2003): Semantic and episodic memory of music are subserved by distinct neural networks. Neuroimage 20:244-256.
96. Poeppel D (2001): Pure word deafness and the bilateral processing of the speech code. Cogn Sci 25:679-693.
97. Poeppel D (2003): The analysis of speech in different temporal integration windows: Cerebral lateralization as 'asymmetric sampling in time'. Speech Commun 41:245-255.
98. Poldrack RA, Wagner AD, Prull MW, Desmond JE, Glover GH, Gabrieli JDE (1999): Functional specialization for semantic and phonological processing in the left inferior prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage 10:15-35.
99. Ranganath C, Johnson MK, D'Esposito M (2003): Prefrontal activity associated with working memory and episodic long-term memory. Neuropsychologia 41:378-389.
100. Riemann H (1900): Vademecum der Phrasierung. Leipzig: Max-Hesse-Verlag.
101. Rizzolatti G, Craighero L (2004): The mirror-neuron system. Ann Rev Neurosci 27:169-192.
102. Rizzolatti G, Fadiga L, Gallese V, Fogassi L (1996): Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cogn Brain Res 3:131-141.
103. Samson S, Zatorre RJ (1994): Contribution of the right temporal-lobe to musical timbre discrimination. Neuropsychologia 32:231-240.
104. Satoh M, Takeda K, Nagata K, Hatazawa J, Kuzuhara S (2001): Activated brain regions in musicians during an ensemble: A PET study. Cogn Brain Res 12:101-108.
105. Satoh M, Takeda K, Nagata K, Hatazawa J, Kuzuhara S (2003): The anterior portion of the bilateral temporal lobes participates in music perception: A positron emission tomography study. Am J Neuroradiol 24:1843-1848.
106. Schlaug G, Jancke L, Huang YX, Steinmetz H (1995): In-vivo evidence of structural brain asymmetry in musicians. Science 267:699-701.
107. Schmithorst VJ (2005): Separate cortical networks involved in music perception: Preliminary functional MRI evidence for modularity of music processing. Neuroimage 25:444-451.
108. Schnyer DM, Verfaellie M, Alexander MP, LaFleche G, Nicholls L, Kaszniak AW (2004): A role for right medial prefrontal cortex in accurate feeling-of-knowing judgments: Evidence from patients with lesions to frontal cortex. Neuropsychologia 42:957-966.
109. Schnyer DM, Nicholls L, Verfaellie M (2005): The role of VMPC in metamemorial judgments of content retrievability. J Cogn Neurosci 17:832-846.
110. Schubotz RI, von Cramon DY (2001): Functional organization of the lateral premotor cortex: fMRI reveals different regions activated by the anticipation of object properties, location and speed. Brain Res 11:97-112.
111. Schubotz RI, Friederici AD, von Cramon DY (2000): Time perception and motor timing: A common cortical and subcortical basis revealed by fMRI. Neuroimage 11:1-12.
112. Seung Y, Kyong JS, Woo SH, Lee BT, Lee KM (2005): Brain activation during music listening in individuals with or without prior music training. Neurosci Res 52:323-329.
113. Shah NJ, Marshall NC, Zafiris O, Schwab A, Zilles K, Markowitsch HJ, Fink GR (2001): The neural correlates of person familiarity - A functional magnetic resonance imaging study with clinical implications. Brain 124:804-815.
114. Shahin A, Bosnyak DJ, Trainor LJ, Roberts LE (2003): Enhancement of neuroplastic P2 and N1c auditory evoked potentials in musicians. J Neurosci 23:5545-5552.
115. Small DM, Gitelman DR, Gregory MD, Nobre AC, Parrish TB, Mesulam MM (2003): The posterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex mediate the anticipatory allocation of spatial attention. Neuroimage 18:633-641.
116. Spreen O, Benton AL, Fincham RW (1965): Auditory agnosia without multimodaphasia. Arch Neurol 13:84-92.
117. Steinhauer K, Alter K, Friederici AD (1999): Brain potentials indicate immediate use of prosodic cues in natural speech processing. Nat Neurosci 2:191-196.
118. Sudakov K, McLean PD, Reeves A, Marino R (1971): Unit study of exteroceptive inputs to claustrocortex in awake sifting squirrel monkeys. Brain Res 28:19-34.
119. Sundara M, Namasivayam AK, Chen R (2001): Observation-execution matching system for speech: A magnetic stimulation study. Neuroreport 12:1341-1344.
120. Talairach J, Tournoux P (1988): Co-planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain. New York: Thieme.
121. Thiel CM, Zilles K, Fink GR (2004): Cerebral correlates of alerting, orienting and reorienting of visuospatial attention: An event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage 21:318-328.
122. Tillmann B, Janata P, Bharucha JJ (2003): Activation of the inferior frontal cortex in musical priming. Cogn Brain Res 16:145-161.
123. Tramo MJ, Bharucha JJ (1991): Musical priming by the right-hemisphere post-callosotomy. Neuropsychologia 29:313-325.
124. Ugurbil K, Garwood M, Ellermann J, Hendrich K, Hinke R, Hu XP, et al (1993): Imaging at high magnetic-fields - initial experiences at 4-T. Magn Reson Q 9:259-277.
125. Vuust P, Roepsdorff A, Wallentin M, Moudridsen K, Østergaard L (2006): It don't mean a thing. Keeping the rhythm during polyrhythmic tension, activates language areas (BA47). Neuroimage 31:832-841.
126. Wagner AD, Pare-Blagoev EJ, Clark J, Poldrack RA (2001): Recovering meaning: Left prefrontal cortex guides controlled semantic retrieval. Neuron 31:329-338.
127. Watkins K, Paus T (2004): Modulation of motor excitability during speech perception: The role of Broca's area. J Cogn Neurosci 16:978-987.
128. Watkins KE, Strafella AP, Paus T (2003): Seeing and hearing speech excites the motor system involved in speech production. Neuropsychologia 41:989-994.
129. Wheeler ME, Buckner RL (2004): Functional-anatomic correlates of remembering and knowing. Neuroimage 21:1337-1349.
130. Worsley KJ, Friston KJ (1995): Analysis of fmri time-series revisited - Again. Neuroimage 2:173-181.
131. Yonelinas AP, Often LJ, Shaw KN, Rugg MD (2005): Separating the brain regions involved in recollection and familiarity in recognition memory. J Neurosci 25:3002-3008.
132. Zarahn E, Aguirre G K, DEsposito M (1997): Empirical analyses of BOLD fMRI statistics. I. Spatially unsmoothed data collected under null-hypothesis conditions. Neuroimage 5:179-197.
133. Zatorre RJ (1997): Cerebral correlates of human auditory processing: Perception of speech and musical sounds. In: Syka J, editor. Acoustical Signal Processing in the Central Auditory System. New York: Plenum. pp 453-468.
134. Zatorre RJ (2003): Absolute pitch: A model for understanding the influence of genes and development on neural and cognitive function. Nat Neurosci 6:692-695.
135. Zatorre RJ, Evans AC, Meyer E (1994): Neural mechanisms underlying melodic perception and memory for pitch. J Neurosci 14:1908-1919.
136. Zatorre RJ, Halpern AR, Perry DW, Meyer E, Evans AC (1996): Hearing in the mind's ear: A PET investigation of musical imagery and perception. J Cogn Neurosci 8:29-46.
137. Zatorre RJ, Belin P, Penhune VB (2002): Structure and function of auditory cortex: Music and speech. Trends Cogn Sci 6:37-46.