Recent progress on the cytokine regulation of intestinal immune responses to Eimeria

Poultry Science

Volumn 83, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 611-623

  Lillehoj, H S ^a   Min, W ^a   Dalloul, R A ^a,b  

^a AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

Chicken; Cytokine; Eimeria; Immunity; Vaccine

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; AVES; EIMERIA; GALLIFORMES; GALLUS GALLUS; MAMMALIA; SALMONELLA;

CHEMOKINE; CYTOKINE;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ANTIBODY PRODUCTION; BIRD DISEASE; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; COCCIDIOSIS; EIMERIA; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETICS; IMMUNOLOGY; REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATION;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODY FORMATION; CHEMOKINES; COCCIDIOSIS; CYTOKINES; EIMERIA; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; IMMUNITY, CELLULAR; POULTRY DISEASES; T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS;

EID: 4043097483     PISSN: 00325791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.4.611     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (153)

1. Aggarwal, S., and A. L. Gurney. 2002. IL-17: Prototype member of an emerging cytokine family. J. Leukoc. Biol. 71:1-8.
2. Antonysamy, M. A., W. C. Fanslow, F. Fu, W. Li, S. Qian, A. B. Troutt, and A. W. Thomson. 1999. Evidence for a role of IL-17 in organ allograft rejection: IL-17 promotes the functional differentiation of dendritic cell progenitors. J. Immunol. 162:577-584.
3. Attur, M. G., R. N. Patel, S. B. Abramson, and A. R. Amin. 1997. Interleukin-17 up-regulation of nitric oxide production in human osteoarthritis cartilage. Arthritis Rheum. 40:1050-1053.
4. Baier, M., N. Bannert, A. Werner, K. Lang, and R. Kurth. 1997. Molecular cloning, sequence, expression, and processing of the interleukin 16 precursor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:5273-5277.
5. Bannert, N., H. S. Adler, A. Werner, M. Baier, and R. Kurth. 1998. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of interleukin 16 from nonhuman primates and from the mouse. Immunogenetics 47:390-397.
6. Bannert, N., R. Kurth, and M. Baier. 1999. The gene encoding mouse interleukin-16 consists of seven exons and maps to chromosome 7 D2-D3. Immunogenetics 49:704-706.
7. Basler, K., T. Edlund, T. M. Jessell, and T. Yamada. 1993. Control of cell pattern in the neural tube: Regulation of cell differentiation by Dorsalin-1, a novel TGF-β family member. Cell 73:687-702.
8. Befus, A. D., N. Johnston, G. A. Leslie, and J. Bienenstock. 1980. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue in the chicken. I. Morphology, ontogeny, and some functional characteristics of Peyer's patches. J. Immunol. 125:2626-2632.
9. Bessay, M., Y. Le Vern, D. Kerboeuf, P. Yvore, and P. Quere. 1996. Changes in intestinal intra-epithelial and systemic T-cell subpopulations after an Eimeria infection in chicken: Comparative study between E. acervulina and E. tenella. Vet. Res. 27:503-514.
10. Bhogal, B. S., H. Y. Tse, E. B. Jacobson, and D. M. Schmatz. 1986. Chicken T lymphocyte clones with specificity for Eimeria tenella. I. Generation and functional characterization. J. Immunol. 137:3318-3325.
11. Biddison, W. E., D. D. Taub, W. W. Cruikshank, D. M. Center, E. W. Connor, K. Honma. 1997. Chemokine and matrix metalloproteinase secretion by myelin proteolipid protein-specific CD8+ T cells: Potential roles in inflammation. J. Immunol. 158:3046-3053.
12. Bonneville, M., C. A. Janeway Jr., K. Ito, W. Haser, I. Ishida, N. Nakanishi, and S. Tonegawa. 1988. Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes are a distinct set of γδ T cells. Nature 336:479-481.
13. Breed, D. G. J., J. Dorrestein, T. P. M. Schetters, L. V. D. Waart, and E. Rijke. 1997a. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from Eimeria tenella infected chickens produce γ-interferon after stimulation in vitro. Parasite Immunol. 19:127-135.
14. Breed, D. G., J. Dorrestein, and A. N. Vermeulen. 1996. Immunity to Eimeria tenella in chickens: Phenotypical and functional changes in peripheral blood T-cell subsets. Avian Dis. 40:37-48.
15. Breed, D. G. J., T. P. M. Schetters, N. A. P. Verhoeven, and A. N. Vermeulen. 1997b. Characterization of phenotype related responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes from Eimeria tenella infected chicken. Parasite Immunol. 19:563-569.
16. Brockus, C. W., M. W. Jackwood, and B. G. Harmon. 1998. Characterization of beta-defensin prepropeptide mRNA from chicken and turkey bone marrow. Anim. Genet. 29:283-289.
17. Burt, D. W., and I. R. Paton. 1991. Molecular cloning and primary structure of the chicken transforming growth factor-β2 gene. DNA Cell Biol. 10:723-734.
18. Byrnes, S., R. Eaton, and M. Kogut. 1993. In vitro interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α production by macrophages from chicken infected with Eimeria maxima or Eimeria tenella. Int. J. Parasitol. 23:639-645.
19. Center, D. M., H. Kornfeld, and W. W. Cruikshank. 1996. Interleukin 16 and its function as a CD4 ligand. Immunol. Today 17:476-481.
20. Chabaud, M., J. M. Durand, N. Buchs, F. Fossiez, G. Page, L. Frappart, and P. Miossec. 1999. Human interleukin-17: A T cell-derived proinflammatory cytokine produced by the rheumatoid synovium. Arthritis Rheum. 42:963-970.
21. Chai, J. Y., and H. S. Lillehoj. 1988. Isolation and functional characterization of chicken intestinal intra-epithelial lymphocytes showing natural killer cell activity against tumour target cells. Immunology 63:111-117.
22. Choi, K. D., and H. S. Lillehoj. 2000. Role of chicken EL-2 on γδ T-cells and Eimeria acervulina-induced changes in intestinal IL-2 mRNA expression and γδ T-cells. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 73:309-321.
23. Choi, K. D., H. S. Lillehoj, and D. S. Zarlenga. 1999. Changes in local IFN-gamma and TGF-beta4 mRNA expression and intraepithelial lymphocytes following Eimeria acervulina infection. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 71:263-275.
24. Chung, K. S., and H. S. Lillehoj. 1991. Development and functional characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing chicken lymphocytes with natural killer cell activity. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 28:351-363.
25. Cogburn, L. A., and B. Glick. 1983. Functional lymphocytes in the chicken pineal gland. J. Immunol. 130:2109-2112.
26. Cruikshank, W. W., J. S. Berman, A. C. Theodore, J. Bernardo, and D. M. Center. 1987. Lymphokine activation of T4+ T lymphocytes and monocytes. J. Immunol. 138:3817-3823.
27. Cruikshank, W. W., H. Kornfeld, and D. M. Center. 2000. Interleukin-16. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67:757-766.
28. Cuikshank, W. W., K. Lim, A. C. Theodore, J. Cook, G. Fine, P. F. Weller, and D. M. Center. 1996. IL-16 inhibition of CD3-dependent lymphocyte activation and proliferation. J. Immunol. 157:5240-5248.
29. Diez, B., A. Galdeano, R. Nicolas, and R. Cisterna. 1989. Relationship between the production of interferon-α/β and interferon-γ during acute toxoplasmosis. Parasitology 1:11-15.
30. Digby, M. R., and J. W. Lowenthal. 1995. Cloning and expression of the chicken interferon-γ gene. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 15:939-945.
31. Dimier, I. H., P. Quere, M. Naciri, and D. T. Bout. 1998. Inhibition of Eimeria tenella development in vitro mediated by chicken macrophages and fibroblasts treated with chicken cell supernatants with IFN-γ activity. Avian Dis. 42:239-247.
32. Dimier-Poisson, I. H., Z. Soundouss, M. Naciri, D. T. Bout, and P. Quere. 1999. Mechanisms of the Eimeria tenella growth inhibitory activity induced by concanavalin A and reticuloendotheliosis virus supernatants with interferon-γ activity in chicken macrophages and fibroblasts. Avian Dis. 43:65-74.
33. Evans, E. W., G. G. Beach, K. M. Moore, M. W. Jackwood, J. R. Glisson, and B. G. Harmon. 1995. Anti-microbial activity of chicken and turkey heterophil peptides CHP1, CHP2, THP1, and THP3. Vet. Microbiol. 47:295-303.
34. Evans, E. W., G. G. Beach, J. Wunderlich, and B. G. Harmon. 1994. Isolation of anti-microbial peptides from avian heterophils. J. Leukoc. Biol. 56:661-665.
35. Farner, N. L., J. A. Hank, and P. M. Sondel. 1997. Interleukin-2: Molecular and clinical aspects. Pages 29-40 in Cytokines in Health and Diseases. D. G. Remick and J. S. Friedland, ed. Marcel Dekker, New York.
36. Fossiez, F., O. Djossou, P. Chomarat, L. Flores-Romo, S. Ait-Yahia, C. Maat, J. J. Pin, P. Garrone, E. Garcia, S. Saeland, D. Blanchard, C. Gaillard, B. Das Mahapatra, E. Rouvier, P. Golstein, J. Banchereau, and S. Lebecque. 1996. T cell interleukin-17 induces stromal cells to produce proinflammatory and hematopoietic cytokines. J. Exp. Med. 183:2593-2603.
37. Geissen, M., S. Heller, D. Pennica, U. Ernsberger, and H. Rohrer. 1998. The specification of sympathetic neurotransmitter phenotype depends on gp130 cytokine receptor signaling. Development 125:4791-4801.
38. Giambrone, J. J., P. H. Klesius, M. K. Eckamn, and S. A. Edgar. 1981. Influence of hormonal and chemical bursectomy on the development of acquired immunity to coccidia in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 60:2612-2618.
39. Gobel, T. W., B. Kaspers, and M. Stangassinger. 2001. NK and T cells constitute two major, functionally distinct intestinal epithelial lymphocyte subsets in the chicken. Int. Immunol. 13:757-762.
40. Goodman, T., and L. Lefrancois. 1988. Expression of the gamma-delta T-cell receptor on intestinal CD8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes. Nature 333:855-858.
41. Guy-Grand, D., C. Griscelli, and P. Vassalli. 1974. The gut-associated lymphoid system: Nature and properties of the large dividing cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 4:435-443.
42. Hakim, F. T., R. T. Gazzinelli, E. Denkers, S. Hieny, G. M. Shearer, and A. Sher. 1991. CD8+ T cells from mice vaccinated against Toxoplasma gondii are cytotoxic for parasite-infected or antigen-pulsed host cells. J. Immunol. 147:2310-2316.
43. Harmon, B. G. 1998. Avian heterophils in inflammation and disease resistance. Poult. Sci. 77:972-977.
44. Heriveau, C., I. Dimier-Poisson, J. Lowenthal, M. Naciri, and P. Quere. 2000. Inhibition of Eimeria tenella replication after recombinant IFN-α activation in chicken macrophages, fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Vet. Parasitol. 92:37-49.
45. Hu, J., N. Bumstead, E. Skamene, P. Gros, and D. Malo. 1996. Structural organization, sequence, and expression of the chicken NRAMP1 gene encoding the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1. DNA Cell Biol. 15:113-123.
46. Hunter, C. A., L. Bermudez, H. Beernink, W. Waegell, and J. S. Remington. 1995. Transforming growth factor-β inhibits interleukin-12-induced production of interferon-γ by natural killer cells: A role for transforming growth factor-β in the regulation of T cell-independent resistance to Toxoplasma gondii. Eur. J. Immunol. 25:994-1000.
47. Isaacs, A., and J. Lindenmann. 1957. Virus interference. I. The interferon. Proc. R. Soc. London (Biol.) 147:258-267.
48. Isobe, T., and H. S. Lillehoj. 1993. Dexamethasone suppresses T cell-mediated immunity and enhances disease susceptibility to Eimeria mivati infection. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 39:431-446.
49. Jakowlew, S. B., A. Mathias, and H. S. Lillehoj. 1997. Transforming growth factor-β isoform s in the developing chicken intestine and spleen: Increase in transforming growth factor β4 with coccidia infection. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 55:321-339.
50. Johnson, A. L., J. T. Bridgham, L. Bergeron, and J. Yuan, 1997. Characterization of the avian Ich-1 cDNA and expression of Ich-1 mRNA in the hen ovary. Gene 192:227-233.
51. Johnson, A. L., J. T. Bridgham, M. Munks, and J. P. Witty. 1998. Characterization of the chicken interleukin-1 β converting enzyme caspase-1 cDNA and expression of caspase-1 mRNA in the hen. Gene 219:55-62.
52. Jovanovic, D. V., J. A. Di Battista, J. Martel-Pelletier, F. C. Jolicoeur, Y. He, M. Zhang, F. Mineau, and J. P. Pelletier. 1998. IL-17 stimulates the production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, by human macrophages. J. Immunol. 160:3513-3521.
53. Kaiser, P., S. Hughes, and N. Bumstead. 1999. The chicken 9E3/ CEF4 CXC chemokine is the avian orthologue of IL8 and maps to chicken chromosome 4 syntenic with genes flanking the mammalian chemokine cluster. Immunogenetics 49:673-684.
54. Kaser, A., S. Dunzendorfer, F. A. Offner, O. Ludwiczek, B. Enrich, R. O. Koch, W. W. Cruikshank, C. J. Wiedermann, and H. Tilg. 2000. B lymphocyte-derived IL-16 attracts dendritic cells and Th cells. J. Immunol. 165:2474-2480.
55. Kaspers, B., H. S. Lillehoj, and E. P. Lillehoj. 1993. Chicken macrophages and thrombocytes share a common cell surface antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody. Vet. Immun. Immunopathol. 36:333-346.
56. Keane, J., J. Nicoll, S. Kim, D. M. Wu, W. W. Cruikshank, W. Brazer, B. Natke, Y. Zhang, D. M. Center, and H. Kornfeld. 1998. Conservation of structure and function between human and murine IL-16. J. Immunol. 160:5945-5954.
57. Keller, L. H., H. S. Lillehoj, and J. M. Solnosky. 1992. JMV-1 stimulation of avian natural killer cell activity. Avian Pathol. 21:239-250.
58. Kennedy, J., D. L. Rossi, S. M. Zurawski, F. Vega, Jr., R. A. Kastelein, J. L. Wagner, C. H. Hannum, and A. Zlotnik. 1996. Mouse IL-17: A cytokine preferentially expressed by αβ TCR + CD4-CD8-T cells. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 16:611-617.
59. Klimiuk, P. A., J. J. Goronzy, and C. M. Weyand. 1999. IL-16 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in rheumatoid synovitis. J. Immunol. 162:4293-4299.
60. Kogut, M. H., and C. Lange. 1989a. Interferon-γ-mediated inhibition of the development of Eimeria tenella in cultured cells. J. Parasitol. 75:313-317.
61. Kogut, M. H., and C. Lange. 1989b. Recombinant interferon-γ inhibits cell invasion by Eimeria tenella. Interferon Res. 9:67-77.
62. Kotake, S., N. Udagawa, N. Takahashi, K. Matsuzaki, K. Itoh, S. Ishiyama, S. Saito, K. Inoue, N. Kamatani, M. T. Gillespie, T. J. Martin, and T. Suda. 1999. IL-17 in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis is a potent stimulator of osteoclastogenesis. J. Clin. Invest. 103:1345-1352.
63. Laberge, S., P. Ernst, O. Ghaffar, W. Cruikshank, H. Kornfeld, D. M. Center, and Q. Hamid. 1997. Increased expression of interleukin-16 in bronchial mucosa of subjects with atopic asthma. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 17:193-202.
64. Laberge, S., O. Ghaffar, M. Boguniewicz, D. M. Center, D. Y. Leung, and Q. Hamid. 1998. Association of increased CD4+ T-cell infiltration with increased IL-16 gene expression in atopic dermatitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 102:645-650.
65. Laberge, S., S. Pinsonneault, P. Ernst, R. Olivenstein, O. Ghaffar, D. M. Center, and Q. Hamid. 1999. Phenotype of IL-16-producing cells in bronchial mucosa: Evidence for the human eosinophil and mast cell as cellular sources of IL-16 in asthma. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 119:120-125.
66. Laurent, F., R. Mancassola, S. Lacroix, R. Menezes, and M. Naciri. 2001. Analysis of chicken mucosal immune response to Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima infection by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Infect. Immun. 69:2527-2534.
67. Lee, K. P., L. M. Carlson, J. B. Woodcock, N. Ramachandra, T. L. Schultz, T. A. Davis, J. B. Lowe, C. B. Thompson, and R. D. Larsen. 1996. Molecular cloning and characterization of CFT1, a developmentally regulated avian alpha (1,3)-fucosyl-transferase gene. J. Biol. Chem. 271:32960-32967.
68. Lee, S., H. Kaneko, I. Sekigawa, Y. Tokano, Y. Takasaki, and H. Hashimoto. 1998. Circulating interleukin-16 in systemic lupus erythematosus. Br. J. Rheumatol. 37:1334-1337.
69. Leslie, G. A., and L. W. Clem. 1969. Phylogen of immunoglobulin structure and function. 3. Immunoglobulins of the chicken. J. Exp. Med. 130:1337-1352.
70. Leutenegger, C. M., J. B. Huder, R. Hofmann-Lehmann, and H. Lutz. 1998. Molecular cloning and expression of feline interleukin-16. DNA Seq. 9:59-63.
71. Lillehoj, H. S. 1986. Immune response during coccidiosis in SC and FP chickens. I. In vitro assessment of T cell proliferation response to stage-specific parasite antigens. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 13:321-330.
72. Lillehoj, H. S. 1987. Effects of immunosuppression on avian coccidiosis: Cyclosporin A but not hormonal bursectomy abrogates host protective immunity. Infect. Immun. 55:1616-1621.
73. Lillehoj, H. S. 1989. Intestinal intraepithelial and splenic natural killer cell responses to eimerian infections in inbred chickens. Infect. Immun. 57:1879-1884.
74. Lillehoj, H. S. 1994. Analysis of Eimeria acervulina induced-changes in the intestinal T lymphocyte subpopulations in two chicken strains showing different levels of susceptibility to coccidiosis. Res. Vet. Sci. 56:1-7.
75. Lillehoj, H. S., and L. D. Bacon. 1991. Increase of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes expressing CD8+ antigen following challenge infection with Eimeria acervulina. Avian Dis. 35:294-301.
76. Lillehoj, H. S., and J. Y. Chai. 1988. Comparative natural killer cell activities of thymic, bursal, splenic and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes of chickens. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 12:629-643.
77. Lillehoj, H. S., and K. D. Choi. 1998. Recombinant chicken interferon-gamma-mediated inhibition of Eimeria tenella development in vitro and reduction of oocyst production and body weight loss following Eimeria acervulina challenge infection. Avian Dis. 42:307-314.
78. Lillehoj, H. S., K. D. Choi, M. C. Jenkins, V. N. Vakharia, K. D. Song, J. Y. Han, and E. P. Lillehoj. 2000. A recombinant Eimeria protein inducing interferon-γ production: Comparison of different gene expression systems and immunization strategies for vaccination against coccidiosis. Avian Dis. 44:379-389.
79. Lillehoj, H. S., S. Y. Kang, L. Keller, and M. Sevoian. 1989. Eimeria tenella and E. acervulina: Lymphokines secreted by an avian T cell Lymphoma or by sporozoite-stimulated immune T lymphocytes protect chickens against avian coccidiosis. Exp. Parasitol. 69:54-64.
80. Lillehoj, H. S., B. Kaspers, M. C. Jenkins, and E. P. Lillehoj. 1992. Avian interferon and interleukin-2. A review by comparison with mammalian homologues. Poult. Sci. Rev. 4:67-85.
81. Lillehoj, H. S., and E. P. Lillehoj. 2000. Avian coccidiosis. A review of acquired intestinal immunity and vaccination strategies. Avian Dis. 44:408-425.
82. Lillehoj, H. S., W. Min, K. D. Choi, U. S. Babu, J. Burnside, T. Miyamoto, B. M. Rosenthal, and E. P. Lillehoj. 2001. Molecular, cellular, and functional characterization of chicken cytokines homologous to mammalian IL-15 and IL-2. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 82:229-244.
83. Lillehoj, H. S., and M. Okamura. 2003. Host immunity and vaccine development to coccidia and Salmonella infections in chickens. J. Poult. Sci. 40:151-193.
84. Lillehoj, H. S., and J. M. Trout, 1996. Avian gut-associated lymphoid tissues and intestinal immune responses to Eimeria parasites. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 9:349-360.
85. Linden, A., H. Hoshino, and M. Laan. 2000. Airway neutrophils and interleukin-17. Eur. Respir. J. 15:973-977.
86. Luzza, F., T. Parrello, G. Monteleone, L. Sebkova, M. Romano, R. Zarrilli, M. Imeneo, and F. Pallone. 2000. Up-regulation of IL-17 is associated with bioactive IL-8 expression in Helicobacter pylori-infected human gastric mucosa. J. Immunol. 165:5332-5337.
87. Lynagh, G. R., M. Bailey, and P. Kaiser. 2000. Interleukin-6 is produced during both murine and avian Eimeria infections. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 76:89-102.
88. Maciaszek, J. W., N. A. Parada, W. W. Cruikshank, D. M. Center, H. Kornfeld, and G. A. Viglianti. 1997. IL-16 represses HIV-1 promoter activity. J. Immunol. 158:5-8.
89. Mathy, N. L., N. Bannert, S. G. Norley, and R. Kurth. 2000. Cutting edge: CD4 is not required for the functional activity of IL-16. J. Immunol. 164:4429-4432.
90. McFarlane, J. M., and S. E. Curtis. 1989. Multiple concurrent Stressors in chicks. 3. Effects on plasma corticosterone and the heterophil:lymphocyte ratio. Poult. Sci. 68:522-527.
91. McKee, J. S., and P. C. Harrison. 1995. Effects of supplemental ascorbic acid on the performance of broiler chickens exposed to multiple concurrent stressors. Poult. Sci. 74:1772-1785.
92. Mertens, B., R. Bishop, E. Taracha, S. Morzaria, V. Nene, D. Savadye. 2000. Cloning, sequence and mRNA expression of bovine interleukin-16. DNA Seq. 10:425-428.
93. Miller, T. K., D. D. Bowman, and K. A. Schat. 1994. Inhibition of the in vitro development of Eimeria tenella in chick kidney cells by immune chicken splenocytes. Avian Dis. 38:418-427.
94. Min, W., and H. S. Lillehoj. 2002. Isolation and characterization of chicken interleukin-17 cDNA. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 22:1123-1128.
95. Min, W., and H. S. Lillehoj. 2004. Identification and characterization of chicken interleukin-16. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:153-162.
96. Min, W., H. S. Lillehoj, J. Burnside, K. C. Weining, P. Staeheli, and J. J. Zhu. 2001. Adjuvant effects of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-15, IFN-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β4 and lymphotactin on DNA vaccination against Eimeria acervulina. Vaccine 20:267-274.
97. Min, W., H. S. Lillehoj, S. Kim, J. J. Zhu, H. Beard, N. Alkharouf, and B. F. Matthews. 2003. Profiling local gene expression changes associated with Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina using cDNA microarray. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 62:392-399.
98. Narazaki, M., and T. Kishimoto. 1994. Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Pages 56-61 in Guidebook to Cytokines and their Receptors. N. Nicola, ed. Sambrook and Tooze Guidebook Series, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
99. Oppenheim, J. J., C. O. Zachariae, N. Mukaida, and K. Matsushima. 1991. Properties of the novel proinflammatory supergene "intercrine" cytokine family. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9:617-648.
100. Orago, A. S., and C. A. Facer. 1991. Cytotoxicity of human natural killer (NK) cell subsets for Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic schizonts: Stimulation by cytokines and inhibition by neomycin. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 86:22-29.
101. Parvari, R., A. Avivi, F. Lentner, E. Ziv, S. Tel-Or, Y. Burstein, and I. Schlechter. 1988. Chicken immunoglobulin γ-heavy chains: Limited VH gene repertoire, combinatorial diversification by D gene segments and evolution of the heavy chain locus. EMBO J. 7:739-744.
102. Petrenko, O., I. Ischenko, and P. J. Enrietto. 1995. Isolation of a cDNA encoding a novel chicken chemokine homologous to mammalian macrophage inflammatory protein-1/3. Gene 160:305-306.
103. Petrenko, O., I. Ischenko, and P. J. Enrietto. 1997. Characterization of changes in gene expression associated with malignant transformation by the NF-κB family member, v-Rel. Oncogene 15:1671-1680.
104. Riegert, P., R. Andersen, N. Bumstead, C. Dohring, M. Dominguez-Steglich, J. Engberg, J. Salomonsen, M. Schmid, J. Schwager, K. Skjodt, and J. Kaufman. 1996. The chicken β2-microglobulin gene is located on a non-major histocompatibility complex microchromosome: A small, G+C-rich gene with X and Y boxes in the promoter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:1243-1248.
105. Robinson, P., P. C. Okhuysen, C. L. Chappell, D. E. Lewis, I. Shahab, S. Lahoti, and A. C. White Jr. 2000. Transforming growth factor β1 is expressed in the jejunum after experimental Cryptosporidium parvum infection in humans. Infect. Immun. 68:5405-5407.
106. Rose, M. E. 1972. Immunity to coccidiosis: Maternal transfer in Eimeria maxima infections. Parasitology 65:273-282.
107. Rose, M. E. 1976. Coccidiosis: Immunity and the prospects for prophylactic immunisation. Vet. Rec. 98:481-484.
108. Rose, M. E., and P. Hesketh. 1982. Immunity to coccidia in chickens: Adoptive transfer with peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleen cells. Parasit. Immunol. 4:171-185.
109. Rose, M. E., and P. Hesketh. 1984. Infection with Eimeria tenella: Modulation of lymphocyte blastogenesis by specific antigen, and evidence for immunodepression. J. Protozool. 31:549-553.
110. Rose, M. E., and D. L. Lee. 1977. Interactions in vitro between sporozoites of Eimeria tenella and host peritoneal exudate cells: Electron microscopal observations. Z. Parasitenkd. 54:1-7.
111. Rose, M. E., and P. L. Long. 1970. Resistance to Eimeria infections in the chicken: The effects of thymectomy, bursectomy, whole body irradiation and cortisone treatment. Parasitology 60:291-299.
112. Rose, M. E., and P. L. Long. 1971. Immunity to coccidiosis: Protective effects of transferred serum and cells investigated in chick embryos infected with Eimeria tenella. Parasitology 63:299-313.
113. Rothwell, L., R. A. Gramzinski, M. E. Rose, and P. Kaiser. 1995. Avian coccidiosis: Changes in intestinal lymphocyte populations associated with the development of immunity to Eimeria maxima. Parasite Immunol. 17:525-533.
114. Rouvier, E., M. F. Luciani, M. G. Mattei, F. Denizot, and P. Golstein. 1993. CTLA-8, cloned from an activated T cell, bearing AU-rich messenger RNA instability sequences, and homologous to a herpesvirus saimiri gene. J. Immunol. 150:5445-5456.
115. Schneider, K., R. Klaas, B. Kaspers, and P. Staeheli. 2001. Chicken interleukin-6. cDNA structure and biological properties. Eur. J. Biochem. 268:4200-4206.
116. Schneider, K., F. Puehler, D. Baeuerle, S. Elvers, P. Staeheli, B. Kaspers, and K. C. Weining. 2000. cDNA cloning of biologically active chicken interleukin-18. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 20:879-883.
117. Schwarzenberger, P., V. La Russa, A. Miller, P. Ye, W. Huang, A. Zieske, S. Nelson, G. J. Bagby, D. Stoltz, R. L. Mynatt, M. Spriggs, and J. K. Kolls. 1998. IL-17 stimulates granulopoiesis in mice: Use of an alternate, novel gene therapy-derived method for in vivo evaluation of cytokines. J. Immunol. 161:6383-6389.
118. Seegert, D., P. Rosenstiel, H. Pfahler, P. Pfefferkorn, S. Nikolaus, and S. Schreiber. 2001. Increased expression of IL-16 in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 48:326-332.
119. Sekellick, M. J., A. F. Ferrandino, D. A. Hopkins, and P. I. Marcus. 1994. Chicken interferon gene: Cloning, expression, and analysis. J. Interferon Res. 14:71-79.
120. Sharma, V., J. L. Sparks, and J. D. Vail. 2000. Human B-cell lines constitutively express and secrete interleukin-16. Immunology 99:266-271.
121. Shaw, G., and R. Kamen. 1986. A conserved AU sequence from the 3′ untranslated region of GM-CSF mRNA mediates selective mRNA degradation. Cell 46:659-667.
122. Sick, C., K. Schneider, P. Staeheli, and K. C. Weining. 2000. Novel chicken CXC and CC chemokines. Cytokine 12:181-186.
123. Sick, C., U. Schultz, and P. Staeheli. 1996. A family of genes coding for two serologically distinct chicken interferons. J. Biol. Chem. 271:7635-7639.
124. Smith, N. C., and K. S. Ovington. 1996. The effect of BCG, zymosan and Coxiella burnetti extract on Eimeria infections. Immunol. Cell Biol. 74:346-348.
125. Smith, N. C., M. Wallach, C. M. Miller, R. Braun, and J. Eckert. 1994a. Maternal transmission of immunity to Eimeria maxima: Western blot analysis of protective antibodies induced by infection. Infect. Immun. 62:4811-4817.
126. Smith, N. C., M. Wallach, C. M. Miller, R. Morgenstern, R. Braun, and J. Eckert. 1994b. Maternal transmission of immunity to Eimeria maxima: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of protective antibodies induced by infection. Infect. Immun. 62:1348-1357.
127. Song, K. D., H. S. Lillehoj, K. D. Choi, D. Zarlenga, and J. Y. Han. 1997. Expression and functional characterization of recombinant chicken interferon-γ. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 58:321-333.
128. Staeheli, P., F. Puehler, K. Schneider, T. W. Gobel, and B. Kaspers. 2001. Cytokines of birds: Conserved functions - a largely different look. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 21:993-1010.
129. Stepaniak, J. A., J. E. Shuster, W. Hu, and R. S. Sundick. 1999. Production and in vitro characterization of recombinant chicken interleukin-2. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 19:515-526.
130. Strober, W., B. Kelsall, I. Fuss, T. Marth, B. Ludviksson, R. Ehrhardt, and M. Neurath. 1997. Reciprocal IFN-γ and TGF-β responses regulate the occurrence of mucosal inflammation, Immunol. Today 18:61-64.
131. Sundick, R. S., and C. Gill-Dixon. 1997. A cloned chicken lymphokine homologous to both mammalian IL-2 and IL-15. J. Immunol. 159:720-725.
132. Tirunagaru, V. G., L. Sofer, J. Cui, and J. Burnside. 2000. An expressed sequence tag database of T-cell-enriched activated chicken splenocytes: Sequence analysis of 5251 clones. Genomics 66:144-151.
133. Trout, J. M., and H. S. Lillehoj. 1996. T lymphocyte roles during Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria tenella infections. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 53:163-172.
134. Van Kooten, C., J. G. Boonstra, M. E. Paape, F. Fossiez, J. Banchereau, S. Lebecque, J. A. Bruijn, J. W. De Fijter, L. A. Van Es, and M. R. Daha. 1998. Interleukin-17 activates human renal epithelial cells in vitro and is expressed during renal allograft rejection. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 9:1526-1534.
135. Vervelde, L., A. N. Verleulen, and S. H. M. Jeurissen. 1996. In situ characterization of leucocyte subpopulations after infection with Eimeria tenella in chickens. Parasite Immunol. 18:247-256.
136. Vigario, A. M., E. Belnoue, A. Cumano, M. Marussig, F. Miltgen, I. Landau, D. Mazier, I. Gresser, and L. Renia. 2001. Inhibition of Plasmodium yoelii blood-stage malaria by interferon alpha through the inhibition of the production of its target cell, the reticulocyte. Blood 97:3966-3971.
137. Wallach, M. 1997. The importance of transmission-blocking immunity in the control of infections by apicomplexan parasites. Int. J. Parasitol. 27:1159-1167.
138. Wallach, M., A. Halabi, G. Pillemer, O. Sar-Shalom, D. Mencher, M. Gilad, U. Bendheim, H. D. Danforth, and P. C. Augustine. 1992. Maternal immunization with gametocyte antigens as a means of providing protective immunity against Eimeria maxima in chickens. Infect. Immun. 60:2036-2039.
139. Weining, K. C., C. Sick, B. Kaspers, and P. Staeheli. 1998. A chicken homolog of mammalian interleukin-1 β: cDNA cloning and purification of active recombinant protein. Eur. J. Biochem. 258:994-1000.
140. Weiss, W. R., S. Mellouk, R. A. Houghten, M. Sedegah, S. Kumar, M. F. Good, J. A. Berzofsky, L. H. Miller, and S. L. Hoffman. 1990. Cytotoxic T cells recognize a peptide from the circumsporozoite protein on malaria-infected hepatocytes. J. Exp. Med. 171:763-773.
141. Williams, R. B. 1998. Epidemiological aspects of the use of live anticoccidial vaccines for chickens. Int. J. Parasitol. 28:1089-1098.
142. Wistow, G. J., M. Shaughnessy, D. C. Lee, J. Hodin, and P. S. Zelenka. 1993. A macrophage migration inhibitory factor is expressed in the differentiating cells of the eye lens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:1272-1275.
143. Yao, Z., W. C. Fanslow, M. F. Seldin, A. M. Rousseau, S. L. Painter, M. R. Comeau, J. I. Cohen, and M. K. Spriggs. 1995. Herpesvirus saimiri encodes a new cytokine, IL-17, which binds to a novel cytokine receptor. Immunity 3:811-821.
144. Yao, Z., M. K. Spriggs, J. M. Derry, L. Strockbine, L. S. Park, T. VandenBos, J. D. Zappone, S. L. Painter, and R. J. Armitage. 1997. Molecular characterization of the human interleukin (IL)-17 receptor. Cytokine 9:794-800.
145. Yun, C. H., H. S. Lillehoj, and K. D. Choi. 2000a. Eimeria tenella infection induces local gamma-interferon production and intestinal lymphocyte subpopulation changes. Infect. Immun. 68:1282-1288.
146. Yun, C. H., H. S. Lillehoj, and E. P. Lillehoj. 2000b. Intestinal immune responses to coccidiosis. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 24:303-324.
147. Yun, C. H., H. S. Lillehoj, J. Zhu, and W. Min. 2000c. Kinetic differences in intestinal and systemic interferon-γ and antigen-specific antibodies in chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria maxima. Avian Dis. 44:305-312.
148. Zhang, Y., D. M. Center, D. M. Wu, W. W. Cruikshank, J. Yuan, D. W. Andrews, and H. Kornfeld. 1998. Processing and activation of pro-interleukin-16 by caspase-3. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1144-1149.
149. Zhang, S., H. S. Lillehoj, and M. D. Ruff. 1995a. Chicken tumor necrosis-like factor. I. In vitro production by macrophages stimulated with Eimeria tenella or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Poult. Sci. 74:1304-1310.
150. Zhang, S., H. S. Lillehoj, and M. D. Ruff. 1995b. In vivo role of tumor necrosis-like factor in Eimeria tenella infection. Avian Dis. 39:859-866.
151. Zhao, C., T. Nguyen, L. Liu, R. E. Sacco, K. A. Brogden, and R. I. Lehrer. 2001. Gallinacin-3, an inducible epithelial β-defensin in the chicken. Infect. Immun. 69:2684-2691.
152. Ziolkowska, M., A. Koc, G. Luszczykiewicz, K. Ksiezopolska-Pietrzak, E. Klimczak, H. Chwalinska-Sadowska, and W. Maslinski. 2000. High levels of IL-17 in rheumatoid arthritis patients: IL-15 triggers in vitro IL-17 production via cyclosporin A-sensitive mechanism. J. Immunol. 164:2832-2838.
153. Zlotnik, A., and O. Yoshie. 2000. Chemokines: A new classification system and their role in immunity. Immunity 12:121-127.