메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 130, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 472-480

Generation and suppression of 3-/4-functionalized benzynes using zinc ate base (TMP-Zn-ate): New approaches to multisubstituted benzenes

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BENZENE; DEPROTONATION; DERIVATIVES; NUCLEOPHILES; REGIOSELECTIVITY;

EID: 40149108668     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja071268u     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (113)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0003417469 scopus 로고
    • Trost, B. M, Ed, Pergamon Press: Oxford,England, Chapter 4.4 and references cited therein
    • (a) Knochel, P. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford,England, 1991; Vol. 8, Chapter 4.4 and references cited therein.
    • (1991) Comprehensive Organic Synthesis , vol.8
    • Knochel, P.1
  • 2
    • 0003417469 scopus 로고
    • Trost, B. M, Ed, Pergamon Press: Oxford, England, Chapter 2.3 and references cited therein
    • (b) Kessar, S. V. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, England, 1991; Vol. 8, Chapter 2.3 and references cited therein.
    • (1991) Comprehensive Organic Synthesis , vol.8
    • Kessar, S.V.1
  • 6
    • 41449106034 scopus 로고
    • S. Patai, Ed, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, U.K, Chapter 18
    • (b) H. Hart. In The Chemistry of Triple-Bonded Functional Groups; S. Patai, Ed.; John Wiley & Sons Ltd.: Chichester, U.K., 1994; Suppl. C2, Chapter 18.
    • (1994) The Chemistry of Triple-Bonded Functional Groups , Issue.SUPPL. C2
    • Hart, H.1
  • 7
    • 41449103278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gilchrist, T. L. In The Chemistry of Functional Groups; Patai, S., Rappoport, Z., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, U.K., 1983; Suppl. C, Chapter 11.
    • (c) Gilchrist, T. L. In The Chemistry of Functional Groups; Patai, S., Rappoport, Z., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, U.K., 1983; Suppl. C, Chapter 11.
  • 8
    • 0033596341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For examples of the preparation of benzynes, see: (d) Kitamura, T, Yamane, M, Inoue, K, Tokuda, M, Fukatsu, N, Meng, Z, Fujiwara, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 11674-11679
    • For examples of the preparation of benzynes, see: (d) Kitamura, T.; Yamane, M.; Inoue, K.; Tokuda, M.; Fukatsu, N.; Meng, Z.; Fujiwara, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 11674-11679.
  • 11
    • 0037167004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A part of the results concerning the 3-functionalized benzynes described here was reported as a preliminary Communication: Uchiyama, M.; Miyoshi, T.; Kajihara, Y.; Sakamoto, T.; Otani, Y.; Ohwada, T.; Kondo, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 8514-8515.
    • A part of the results concerning the 3-functionalized benzynes described here was reported as a preliminary Communication: Uchiyama, M.; Miyoshi, T.; Kajihara, Y.; Sakamoto, T.; Otani, Y.; Ohwada, T.; Kondo, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 8514-8515.
  • 12
    • 0012397313 scopus 로고
    • For reviews on directed ortho metalation, see; a
    • For reviews on directed ortho metalation, see; (a) Snieckus, V. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 879-933.
    • (1990) Chem. Rev , vol.90 , pp. 879-933
    • Snieckus, V.1
  • 13
    • 41449090686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gschwend, H. W.; Rodriguez, H. R. Heteroat. Facilitated Lithiations. Org. React. (NY.) 1979, 26, 1-360.
    • (b) Gschwend, H. W.; Rodriguez, H. R. Heteroat. Facilitated Lithiations. Org. React. (NY.) 1979, 26, 1-360.
  • 14
    • 33746265864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For examples of nonlithio-aromatic species, see: (a) Armstrong, D. R, Clegg, W, Dale, S. H, Hevia, E, Hogg, L. M, Honeyman, G. W, Mulvey, R. E. Angew. Chem, Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3775-3778
    • For examples of nonlithio-aromatic species, see: (a) Armstrong, D. R.; Clegg, W.; Dale, S. H.; Hevia, E.; Hogg, L. M.; Honeyman, G. W.; Mulvey, R. E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3775-3778.
  • 22
    • 41449098849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In the case of using Me3ZnLi, even when the reaction was carried out at higher temperature (40°C-reflux, no homologation product (methyl-adduct) was detected. On the other hand, when the reaction of o- bromoiodobenzene (1a) with tBu3ZnLi was performed under reflux for 16 hours in the presence of diene (A, the Diels-Alder adduct (4a) was obtained in 50% yield
    • 3ZnLi was performed under reflux for 16 hours in the presence of diene (A), the Diels-Alder adduct (4a) was obtained in 50% yield.
  • 27
    • 41449098665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2Zn(TMP)Li is endothermic in most cases, so excess zincate (2.2 equiv) was used for the deprotonation reaction in this study. Iodine or benzaldehydc was used as a representative electrophile in this study, but intermediary arylzincate species are known to be able to react with various electrophiles (see refs 8, 11, and 14).
    • 2Zn(TMP)Li is endothermic in most cases, so excess zincate (2.2 equiv) was used for the deprotonation reaction in this study. Iodine or benzaldehydc was used as a representative electrophile in this study, but intermediary arylzincate species are known to be able to react with various electrophiles (see refs 8, 11, and 14).
  • 28
    • 1042288169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A series of recent studies has expanded the utility of rigid oxabicyclic compounds: (a) Lautens, M.; Hiebert, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 1437-1447.
    • A series of recent studies has expanded the utility of rigid oxabicyclic compounds: (a) Lautens, M.; Hiebert, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 1437-1447.
  • 41
    • 41449108417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The iodine-zinc exchange may occur preferentially over the deprotonation
    • The iodine-zinc exchange may occur preferentially over the deprotonation.
  • 42
    • 41449111544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generally, when traditional reagents, such as alkyllithiums and lithium amides, are used, the desired 1,2,3-trisubstituted benzene derivatives are not obtained in high yields under usual conditions because of the instability of these reagents and/or intermediary aryllithium species widi various electrophilic substituents or neighboring bromine (including the formation of benzyne). Indeed, the 2,6-disubstituted iodobenzene derivatives shown in Table 3 are all new compounds.
    • Generally, when traditional reagents, such as alkyllithiums and lithium amides, are used, the desired 1,2,3-trisubstituted benzene derivatives are not obtained in high yields under usual conditions because of the instability of these reagents and/or intermediary aryllithium species widi various electrophilic substituents or neighboring bromine (including the formation of benzyne). Indeed, the 2,6-disubstituted iodobenzene derivatives shown in Table 3 are all new compounds.
  • 43
    • 41449100367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In the deprotonation reaction of 7a with Me2Zn(TMP)Li under similar reaction conditions, 8a was also obtained as a single product, Chemical Equation Presented
    • 2Zn(TMP)Li under similar reaction conditions, 8a was also obtained as a single product. (Chemical Equation Presented)
  • 48
    • 41449118028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the relative energies of the intermediary zincates based on MP2/631SVPs calculation. (See Computational Methods for details) (Chemical Equation Presented)
    • Comparison of the relative energies of the intermediary zincates based on MP2/631SVPs calculation. (See Computational Methods for details) (Chemical Equation Presented)
  • 49
    • 41449095961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When THF was used as a solvent, the yield of 12a was reduced, though no non-methylated protonation product could be detected.
    • When THF was used as a solvent, the yield of 12a was reduced, though no non-methylated protonation product could be detected.
  • 50
    • 41449101598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frisch, M. J.; et al. Gaussian 03, revision B.04; Gaussian, Inc.: Pittsburgh, PA, 2003.
    • Frisch, M. J.; et al. Gaussian 03, revision B.04; Gaussian, Inc.: Pittsburgh, PA, 2003.
  • 58
    • 41449092193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We identified another complexes CP2 in which a benzyne and the zincate coordinate through cation-p (benzyne; exocyclic p bond) interaction. The energy difference between CP1 and CP2 is only 1.2 kcal/mol and hence they may be in equilibrium.
    • We identified another complexes CP2 in which a benzyne and the zincate coordinate through cation-p (benzyne; exocyclic p bond) interaction. The energy difference between CP1 and CP2 is only 1.2 kcal/mol and hence they may be in equilibrium.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.