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A part of the results concerning the 3-functionalized benzynes described here was reported as a preliminary Communication: Uchiyama, M.; Miyoshi, T.; Kajihara, Y.; Sakamoto, T.; Otani, Y.; Ohwada, T.; Kondo, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 8514-8515.
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A part of the results concerning the 3-functionalized benzynes described here was reported as a preliminary Communication: Uchiyama, M.; Miyoshi, T.; Kajihara, Y.; Sakamoto, T.; Otani, Y.; Ohwada, T.; Kondo, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 8514-8515.
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For examples of nonlithio-aromatic species, see: (a) Armstrong, D. R, Clegg, W, Dale, S. H, Hevia, E, Hogg, L. M, Honeyman, G. W, Mulvey, R. E. Angew. Chem, Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3775-3778
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In the case of using Me3ZnLi, even when the reaction was carried out at higher temperature (40°C-reflux, no homologation product (methyl-adduct) was detected. On the other hand, when the reaction of o- bromoiodobenzene (1a) with tBu3ZnLi was performed under reflux for 16 hours in the presence of diene (A, the Diels-Alder adduct (4a) was obtained in 50% yield
-
3ZnLi was performed under reflux for 16 hours in the presence of diene (A), the Diels-Alder adduct (4a) was obtained in 50% yield.
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23
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(a) Uchiyama, M.; Furuyama, T.; Kobayashi, M.; Matsumoto, Y.; Tanaka, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 8404-8405.
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41449098665
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2Zn(TMP)Li is endothermic in most cases, so excess zincate (2.2 equiv) was used for the deprotonation reaction in this study. Iodine or benzaldehydc was used as a representative electrophile in this study, but intermediary arylzincate species are known to be able to react with various electrophiles (see refs 8, 11, and 14).
-
2Zn(TMP)Li is endothermic in most cases, so excess zincate (2.2 equiv) was used for the deprotonation reaction in this study. Iodine or benzaldehydc was used as a representative electrophile in this study, but intermediary arylzincate species are known to be able to react with various electrophiles (see refs 8, 11, and 14).
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28
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A series of recent studies has expanded the utility of rigid oxabicyclic compounds: (a) Lautens, M.; Hiebert, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 1437-1447.
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A series of recent studies has expanded the utility of rigid oxabicyclic compounds: (a) Lautens, M.; Hiebert, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 1437-1447.
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41449108417
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The iodine-zinc exchange may occur preferentially over the deprotonation
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The iodine-zinc exchange may occur preferentially over the deprotonation.
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42
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41449111544
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Generally, when traditional reagents, such as alkyllithiums and lithium amides, are used, the desired 1,2,3-trisubstituted benzene derivatives are not obtained in high yields under usual conditions because of the instability of these reagents and/or intermediary aryllithium species widi various electrophilic substituents or neighboring bromine (including the formation of benzyne). Indeed, the 2,6-disubstituted iodobenzene derivatives shown in Table 3 are all new compounds.
-
Generally, when traditional reagents, such as alkyllithiums and lithium amides, are used, the desired 1,2,3-trisubstituted benzene derivatives are not obtained in high yields under usual conditions because of the instability of these reagents and/or intermediary aryllithium species widi various electrophilic substituents or neighboring bromine (including the formation of benzyne). Indeed, the 2,6-disubstituted iodobenzene derivatives shown in Table 3 are all new compounds.
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43
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41449100367
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In the deprotonation reaction of 7a with Me2Zn(TMP)Li under similar reaction conditions, 8a was also obtained as a single product, Chemical Equation Presented
-
2Zn(TMP)Li under similar reaction conditions, 8a was also obtained as a single product. (Chemical Equation Presented)
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46
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25444519523
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41449118028
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Comparison of the relative energies of the intermediary zincates based on MP2/631SVPs calculation. (See Computational Methods for details) (Chemical Equation Presented)
-
Comparison of the relative energies of the intermediary zincates based on MP2/631SVPs calculation. (See Computational Methods for details) (Chemical Equation Presented)
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49
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41449095961
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When THF was used as a solvent, the yield of 12a was reduced, though no non-methylated protonation product could be detected.
-
When THF was used as a solvent, the yield of 12a was reduced, though no non-methylated protonation product could be detected.
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50
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41449101598
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We identified another complexes CP2 in which a benzyne and the zincate coordinate through cation-p (benzyne; exocyclic p bond) interaction. The energy difference between CP1 and CP2 is only 1.2 kcal/mol and hence they may be in equilibrium.
-
We identified another complexes CP2 in which a benzyne and the zincate coordinate through cation-p (benzyne; exocyclic p bond) interaction. The energy difference between CP1 and CP2 is only 1.2 kcal/mol and hence they may be in equilibrium.
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