Are male veterans at greater risk for nonemployment than nonveterans?

Monthly Labor Review

Volumn 130, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 23-31

  Greenberg, Greg A ^a   Rosenheck, Robert A ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 39749119369     PISSN: 00981818     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (100)

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3. Richard Bryant, V. A. Samaranayake, and Allen Wilhite, "The Effect of Military Service on the Subsequent Civilian Wage of the Post-Vietnam Veteran," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, spring 1993, pp. 15-31;
4. Sharon R. Cohany, "Employment and unemployment among Vietnam-era veterans," Monthly Labor Review, April 1990, pp. 22-29;
5. Sharon R. Cohany, "The Vietnam-era cohort: employment and earnings," Monthly Labor Review, June 1992, pp. 3-15;
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7. Phillips Cutright, "The Civilian Earnings of White and Black Draftees and Nonveterans," American Sociological Review, June 1974, pp. 317-27;
8. Dennis De Tray, "Veteran Status as a Screening Device," The American Economic Review, March 1982, pp. 133-42;
9. Hyder Lakhani, "The Socioeconomic Benefits of Active Military Service to Reservists," Armed Forces & Society, 24, 4 (Summer 1999, pp. 549-61);
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11. Joshua Angrist, "Estimating the Labor Market Impact of Voluntary Military Service using Social Security Data on Military Applicant," Econometrica, March 1998, pp. 249-88;
12. Angrist et al., "Why do World War II Veterans Earn More than Nonveterans";
13. Cohany, "The Vietnam-Era Cohort";
14. De Tray, "Veteran Status as a Screening Device."
15. Cohany, "The Vietnam-era cohort: employment and earnings";
16. Amy Iverson, Vasilis Nikolaou, Neil Greenberg, Catherin Unwin, Lisa Hull, Mathew Hotopf, Christopher Dandeker, John Ross, and Simon Wessely, "What Happens to British Veterans When They Leave the Armed Forces?," The European Journal of Public Health, August 2005, pp. 175-84;
17. Richard A. Kulka, William E. Schlenger, John A. Fairbank, Richard L. Hough, B. Kathleen Jordan, Charles R. Marmar, and Daniel S. Weiss, Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation: Report of Findings from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (New York, Brunner/ Mazel, 1990);
18. Elizabeth Savoca E and Robert Rosenheck, "The Civilian Labor Market Experiences of Vietnam-Era Veterans: The Influence of Psychiatric Disorders, Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, December 2000, pp. 199-207.
19. Mark Berger and Barry T. Hirsch, "The Civilian Earnings Experience of Vietnam-Era Veterans," The Journal of Human Resources, fall 1993, pp. 455-79;
20. Browning et al., "Income and Veteran Status";
21. Cohany, "The Vietnam-era cohort";
22. Cutright, "The Civilian Earnings of White and Black Draftees and Nonveterans";
23. Lakhani, "The Socioeconomic Benefits of Active Military Service to Reservists."
24. Browning, et al., "Income and Veteran Status";
25. Jere Cohen, David R. Segal, and Lloyd V. Temme, "The Impact of Education on Vietnam-Era Veterans' Occupational Attainment," Social Science Quarterly, June 1992, pp. 397-409;
26. Jay D. Teachman and Lucky M. Tedrow, "Wages, Earnings, and Occupational Status: Did World War II Veterans Receive a Premium?" Social Science Research, December 2003, pp. 581-605;
27. Jay D. Teachman, "Military Service During the Vietnam Era: Were there Consequences for Subsequent Civilian Earnings," Social Forces, December 2004, pp. 709-30.
28. Angrist et al., "Why do World War II Veterans Earn More than Nonveterans?";
29. Cohany. "Employment and unemployment among Vietnam-era veterans";
30. Barry T. Hirsch and Stephen L. Mehay, "Evaluating the Labor Market Performance of Veterans Using a Matched Comparison Group Design," Journal of Human Resources, summer 2003, pp. 673-700;
31. Teachman et al., "The Effect of Military Service on Educational, Occupational, and Income Attainment";
32. Teachman et al., "Wages, Earnings, and Occupational Status."
33. Angrist et al., "Why do World War II Veterans Earn More than Nonveterans";
34. Cohany, "The Vietnam-era cohort";
35. Melvin Small, "The Domestic Course of the War," in John W. Chambers II, ed., The Oxford Companion to American Military History (New York, Oxford UP, 1999), pp. 763-65.
36. Paul F. Hogan, Paul F. Curtis, J. Simon, and John T. Warner, "Sustaining the Force in an Era of Transformation," in Barbara A. Bicksler, Curtis L. Gilroy, and John T. Warner, ed., The All Volunteer Force: Thirty Years of Service (Washington, DC, Brassey's, 2004), pp. 57-89.
37. Robert J. Sampson and John L. Laub, "Socioeconomic Achievement in the Life Course of Disadvantaged Men: Military Service as a Turning Point, Circa 1940-1965," American Sociological Review, June 1996, pp. 347-67;
38. Saul Schwartz, "The Relative Earnings of Vietnam and Korean-Era Veterans," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, July 1986, pp. 564-72;
39. Teachman et al., "The Effect of Military Service on Educational, Occupational, and Income Attainment."
40. Cooney et al., "Racial Differences in the Impact of Military Service on the Socioeconomic Status of Women Veterans";
41. and Cohen et al., "The Impact of Education on Vietnam-Era Veterans' Occupational Attainment."
42. Samuel Cohn and Mark Fossett, "Why Racial Employment Inequality Is Greater in Labor Markets: Regional Differences in Whitc-Black Employment Differentials," Social Forces, December 1995, 511-42;
43. Matt L. Huffman and Philip N. Cohn, "Racial Wage Inequality: Job Segregation and Devaluation across U.S. Labor Markets," American Journal of Sociology, January 2004, pp. 902-36;
44. Ryan A. Smith, "Race, Income, and Authority at Work: A Cross-Temporal Analysis of Black and White Men (1972-1994)," Social Problems, February 1997, pp. 19-37.
45. Josefina Card, Lives after Vietnam: The Personal Impact of Military Service (Toronto, Lexington Books, 1983);
46. Arthur Engendorf, Charles Kadushin, Robert Laufer, George Rothbart, and Lee Sloan, Legacies of Vietnam: Comparative Adjustment of Veterans and Their Peers (New York City, The Center for Policy Research, Inc, 1981);
47. Richard Fernandez, "Social Representation in the Military: A Reassessment," in J. Eric Fredland, Curtis Gilroy, Roger Little, and W. S. Sellman, eds., Professionals on the Front Line: Two Decades of the All-Volunteer Force (London, Brassey's, 1996), pp. 226-45;
48. Greg Greenberg and Robert Rosenheck, "Risk of Incarceration among Veterans and Non-veteran Men: Are Veterans of the All Volunteer Force at Greater Risk?" (under review);
49. Teachman et al., "The Effect of Military Service on Educational, Occupational, and Income Attainment."
50. Cohany, "The Vietnam-era cohort";
51. and Engendorf et al., Legacies of Vietnam.
52. Browning et al., "Income and Veteran Status";
53. Cooney et al., "Racial Differences in the Impact of Military Service on the Socioeconomic Status of Women Veterans";
54. Robert L Phillips, Paul J Andrisani, Thomas N. Daymont, and Curtis L Gilroy, "The Economic Returns to Military Service: Race-Ethnic Differences," Social Science Quarterly, June 1992, pp. 340-59;
55. Teachman et al., "The Effect of Military Service on Educational, Occupational, and Income Attainment";
56. Teachman et al., "Wages, Earnings, and Occupational Status";
57. Teachman, "Military Service During the Vietnam Era."
58. Angrist, "Estimating the Labor Market Impact of Voluntary Military Service using Social Security Data on Military Applicant."
59. Kulka et al., Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation.
60. Anonymous, "Agent Orange Exposure Linked to Type 2 Diabetes," Nation's Health (December 2000/January 2001), pp. 11.
61. Veterans Administration Office of the IG, Review of State Variances in VA Disability Compensation Payments, Report no. 05-00765-137, 2005, available at www.va.gov/oig/52/reports/2005/ VAOIG-05-00765-137.pdf (visited Jan. 30, 2006).
62. Cohany, "The Vietnam-era cohort."
63. AskCensus, "Inquiry regarding total number of PSUs in 1989" (Personal Communication, askcensusγusthelp.com, 12/29/2005); Current Population Survey, September 1999: Veterans Supplement, Technical Documentation CPS-00 (Census Bureau, 2000);
64. Current Population Survey, Technical Paper 63RV: Design and Methodology (Census Bureau, 2002);
65. Current Population Survey, September 2003: Veterans Supplement, Technical Documentation CPS-03 (Census Bureau, 2004);
66. Center for Disease Control. Scientific Data Documentation, 1989: Current Population Survey, September Supplement, 1990, on the Internet at http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/sci_data/census/cps/ type_txt/cps89sep.asp (visited Dec. 29, 2005).
67. Current Population Survey, September 1999;
68. Current Population Survey, September 2003;
69. Center for Disease Control, Scientific Data Documentation, 1989.
70. Current Population Survey, September 1999;
71. Current Population Survey, September 2003;
72. Center for Disease Control, Scientific Data Documentation, 1989.
73. Due to the constraints of our methodology, some of these eras slightly differ from the officially defined service eras, which are as follows: (1) Korean conflict - June 27, 1950-January 31, 1955; (2) between Korean conflict and Vietnam era - February 1, 1955-August 4, 1964; (3) Vietnam era - August 5, 1964-May 7, 1975; and (4) after Vietnam era I - May 8, 1975.
74. Edwin Dorn, "Sustaining the All-Volunteer Forces," in J. Eric Fredland, Curtis Gilroy, Roger D. Little, and W. S. Sellman, eds, Professionals in the Front Line: Two Decades of the All Volunteer Force (London, Brassey's,, 1996), pp. 3-22;
75. Mark Eitelberg, "The All-Volunteer After Twenty Years," in J. Eric Fredland, Curtis Gilroy, Roger D. Little, and W. S. Sellman, eds., Professionals in the Front Line: Two Decades of the All Volunteer Force (London, Brassey's, 1996), pp. 66-98;
76. Hogan et al., "Sustaining the Force in an Era of Transformation;
77. John P. White, "Reflections on Managing the All-Volunteer Force: Past and Future," in Barbara A. Bicksler, Curtis Gilroy, and John Warner, eds., The All-Volunteer Force: Thirty Years of Service (Washington, DC, Brassey's, 2004), pp. 33-44;
78. Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, The Population Representation in the Military Services: Fiscal Year 1989 (Washington, DC, Office of the Secretary of Defense, 1990).
79. Kulka et al., Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation.
80. Robert Rosenheck, Linda Frisman, and An-Me Chung. "The Proportion of Veteran Among Homeless Men," American Journal of Public Health, March 1984, pp. 466-69.
81. Rosenheck, et al., "The Proportion of Veterans Among Homeless Men."
82. Engendorf et al., Legacies of Vietnam.
83. Ibid.
84. Ibid.
85. Ibid.
86. Anonymous. "Agent Orange Exposure Linked to Type 2 Diabetes," Nation's Health (December 2000/January 2001), pp. 11.
87. Fernandez, "Social Representation in the Military."
88. Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, The Population Representation in the Military Services.
89. Dorn, "Sustaining the All-Volunteer Forces";
90. Eitelberg, "The All-Volunteer Force After Twenty Years";
91. Fernandez, "Social Representation in the Military: A Reassessment";
92. Hogan et al., "Sustaining the Force in an Era of Transformation";
93. Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, The Population Representation in the Military Services.
94. Dorn, "Sustaining the All-Volunteer Forces";
95. Mark Eitelberg, "The All-Volunteer Force After Twenty Years";
96. Hogan et al., "Sustaining the Force in an Era of Transformation";
97. John P. White, "Reflections on Managing the All-Volunteer Force";
98. Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, The Population Representation in the Military Services.
99. Jerald Bachman, Peter Freedman-Doan, Patrick O'Malley, Lloyd Johnston, and David Segal, "Changing Patterns of Drug Use Among US Military Recruits Before and After Enlistment," American Journal of Public Health, May 1999, pp. 672-77.
100. Robert L. Philips, Paul J. Andrisani, Thomas N. Daymont, and Curtis Gilroy, "The Economic Returns to Military Service: Race-Ethnic Differences," Social Science Quarterly, June 1992, pp. 340-59.