메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 70-77

Anterior chamber depth and primary angle-closure glaucoma: An evolutionary perspective

Author keywords

Angle closure glaucoma; Anterior chamber; Evolution

Indexed keywords

AGE; ANTERIOR EYE CHAMBER DEPTH; ASIA; CLOSED ANGLE GLAUCOMA; COLD ACCLIMATIZATION; COLD CLIMATE; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION; HERITABILITY; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; NATURAL SELECTION; PREVALENCE; RACE DIFFERENCE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; THERMOREGULATION;

EID: 39649114555     PISSN: 14426404     EISSN: 14429071     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2008.01672.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (36)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 33644655886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020
    • Quigley HA, Broman AT. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90: 262-7.
    • (2006) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.90 , pp. 262-267
    • Quigley, H.A.1    Broman, A.T.2
  • 2
    • 0036158752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The definition and classification of glaucoma in prevalence surveys
    • Foster PJ, Buhrmann R, Quigley HA, Johnson GJ. The definition and classification of glaucoma in prevalence surveys. Br J Ophthalmol 2002; 86: 238-42.
    • (2002) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.86 , pp. 238-242
    • Foster, P.J.1    Buhrmann, R.2    Quigley, H.A.3    Johnson, G.J.4
  • 3
    • 30744460929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angle-closure glaucoma in East Asian and European people. Different diseases?
    • He M, Foster PJ, Johnson GJ, Khaw PT. Angle-closure glaucoma in East Asian and European people. Different diseases? Eye 2006; 20: 3-12.
    • (2006) Eye , vol.20 , pp. 3-12
    • He, M.1    Foster, P.J.2    Johnson, G.J.3    Khaw, P.T.4
  • 4
    • 29244459417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we prevent angle-closure glaucoma?
    • Johnson GJ, Foster PJ. Can we prevent angle-closure glaucoma? Eye 2005; 19: 1119-24.
    • (2005) Eye , vol.19 , pp. 1119-1124
    • Johnson, G.J.1    Foster, P.J.2
  • 5
    • 0142124865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five-year risk of progression of primary angle closure to primary angle closure glaucoma: A population-based study
    • Thomas R, Parikh R, Muliyil J, Kumar RS. Five-year risk of progression of primary angle closure to primary angle closure glaucoma: A population-based study. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2003; 81: 480-5.
    • (2003) Acta Ophthalmol Scand , vol.81 , pp. 480-485
    • Thomas, R.1    Parikh, R.2    Muliyil, J.3    Kumar, R.S.4
  • 6
    • 33644917155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of angle-closure disease in a rural southern Indian population
    • Vijaya L, George R, Arvind H et al. Prevalence of angle-closure disease in a rural southern Indian population. Arch Ophthalmol 2006; 124: 403-9.
    • (2006) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.124 , pp. 403-409
    • Vijaya, L.1    George, R.2    Arvind, H.3
  • 7
    • 34347342818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonioscopy findings and prevalence of occludable angles in a Burmese population: The Meiktila EyeStudy
    • Casson RJ, Newland HS, McGovern S etal. Gonioscopy findings and prevalence of occludable angles in a Burmese population: The Meiktila EyeStudy. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 9: 856-9.
    • (2007) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.9 , pp. 856-859
    • Casson, R.J.1    Newland, H.S.2    McGovern, S.3
  • 8
    • 0032889609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predisposing factors for chronic angle-closure glaucoma
    • Salmon JF. Predisposing factors for chronic angle-closure glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 1999; 18: 121-32.
    • (1999) Prog Retin Eye Res , vol.18 , pp. 121-132
    • Salmon, J.F.1
  • 9
    • 0016911041 scopus 로고
    • Primary angle-closure glaucoma. Oculometry, epidemiology, and genetics in a high risk population
    • Alsbirk PH. Primary angle-closure glaucoma. Oculometry, epidemiology, and genetics in a high risk population. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 1976; 127: 5-31.
    • (1976) Acta Ophthalmol Suppl , vol.127 , pp. 5-31
    • Alsbirk, P.H.1
  • 10
    • 0026670438 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical risk factors in primary angle-closure glaucoma. A ten year follow up survey based on limbal and axial anterior chamber depths in a high risk population
    • Alsbirk PH. Anatomical risk factors in primary angle-closure glaucoma. A ten year follow up survey based on limbal and axial anterior chamber depths in a high risk population. Int Ophthalmol 1992; 16: 265-72.
    • (1992) Int Ophthalmol , vol.16 , pp. 265-272
    • Alsbirk, P.H.1
  • 11
    • 16844371742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anterior chamber depth and the risk of primary angle closure in 2 East Asian populations
    • Aung T, Nolan WP, Machin D et al. Anterior chamber depth and the risk of primary angle closure in 2 East Asian populations. Arch Ophthalmol 2005; 123: 527-32.
    • (2005) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.123 , pp. 527-532
    • Aung, T.1    Nolan, W.P.2    Machin, D.3
  • 12
    • 0014759414 scopus 로고
    • Aetiology of the anatomical basis for primary angle-closure glaucoma. Biometrical comparisons between normal eyes and eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma
    • Lowe RF. Aetiology of the anatomical basis for primary angle-closure glaucoma. Biometrical comparisons between normal eyes and eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 1970; 54: 161-9.
    • (1970) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.54 , pp. 161-169
    • Lowe, R.F.1
  • 13
    • 0033887412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of glaucoma in Chinese residents of Singapore: A cross-sectional population survey of the Tanjong Pagar district
    • Foster PJ, Oen FT, Machin D etal. The prevalence of glaucoma in Chinese residents of Singapore: A cross-sectional population survey of the Tanjong Pagar district. Arch Ophthalmol 2000; 118: 1105-11.
    • (2000) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.118 , pp. 1105-1111
    • Foster, P.J.1    Oen, F.T.2    Machin, D.3
  • 14
    • 0344838661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocular biometry in occludable angles and angle closure glaucoma: A population based survey
    • George R, Paul PG, Baskaran M etal. Ocular biometry in occludable angles and angle closure glaucoma: A population based survey. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87: 399-402.
    • (2003) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.87 , pp. 399-402
    • George, R.1    Paul, P.G.2    Baskaran, M.3
  • 15
    • 0014759414 scopus 로고
    • Aetiology of the anatomical basis for primary angle-closure glaucoma. Biometrical comparisons between normal eyes and eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma
    • Lowe RF. Aetiology of the anatomical basis for primary angle-closure glaucoma. Biometrical comparisons between normal eyes and eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 1970; 54: 161-9.
    • (1970) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.54 , pp. 161-169
    • Lowe, R.F.1
  • 16
    • 33644805647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractive error, ocular biometry, and lens opalescence in an adult population. The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study
    • Shufelt C, Fraser-Bell S, Ying-Lai M, Torres M, Varma R. Refractive error, ocular biometry, and lens opalescence in an adult population. the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46: 4450-60.
    • (2005) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.46 , pp. 4450-4460
    • Shufelt, C.1    Fraser-Bell, S.2    Ying-Lai, M.3    Torres, M.4    Varma, R.5
  • 17
    • 85026168559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What we do and don't know about 'race', 'ethnicity', genetics and health at the dawn of the genome era
    • Collins FS. What we do and don't know about 'race', 'ethnicity', genetics and health at the dawn of the genome era. Nat Genet 2004; 36 (Suppl. 11): S13-5.
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , Issue.SUPPL. 11
    • Collins, F.S.1
  • 18
    • 0035799778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial profiling in medical research
    • Schwartz RS. Racial profiling in medical research. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1392-3.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 1392-1393
    • Schwartz, R.S.1
  • 19
    • 12344264455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of biogeography of human populations for 'race'and medicine
    • Tishkoff SA, Kidd KK. Implications of biogeography of human populations for 'race'and medicine. Nat Genet 2004; 36 (Suppl. 11): S21-7.
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , Issue.SUPPL. 11
    • Tishkoff, S.A.1    Kidd, K.K.2
  • 20
    • 0037456772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of race and ethnic background in biomedical research and clinical practice
    • Burchard EG, Ziv E, Coyle N et al. The importance of race and ethnic background in biomedical research and clinical practice. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1170-5.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 1170-1175
    • Burchard, E.G.1    Ziv, E.2    Coyle, N.3
  • 21
    • 36348962564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human evolution and its relevance for genetic epidemiology
    • Cavalli-Sforza LL. Human evolution and its relevance for genetic epidemiology. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2007; 8: 1-15.
    • (2007) Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet , vol.8 , pp. 1-15
    • Cavalli-Sforza, L.L.1
  • 22
    • 0035208448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of glaucoma in a population-based study of Hispanic subjects: Proyecto VER
    • Quigley HA, West SK, Rodriguez J, Munoz B, Klein R, Snyder R. The prevalence of glaucoma in a population-based study of Hispanic subjects: proyecto VER. Arch Ophthalmol 2001; 119: 1819-26.
    • (2001) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.119 , pp. 1819-1826
    • Quigley, H.A.1    West, S.K.2    Rodriguez, J.3    Munoz, B.4    Klein, R.5    Snyder, R.6
  • 23
    • 0014989335 scopus 로고
    • Primary angle-closure glaucoma (a.c.g.) in Greenland
    • Clemmesen V, Alsbirk PH. Primary angle-closure glaucoma (a.c.g.) in Greenland. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1971; 49: 47-58.
    • (1971) Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) , vol.49 , pp. 47-58
    • Clemmesen, V.1    Alsbirk, P.H.2
  • 24
    • 0015799426 scopus 로고
    • Angle closure glaucoma among Canadian Eskimos
    • Drance SM. Angle closure glaucoma among Canadian Eskimos. Can J Ophthalmol 1973; 8: 252-4.
    • (1973) Can J Ophthalmol , vol.8 , pp. 252-254
    • Drance, S.M.1
  • 25
    • 0037316798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age, gender, biometry, refractive error, and the anterior chamber angle among Alaskan Eskimos
    • Wojciechowski R, Congdon N, Anninger W, Teo Broman A. Age, gender, biometry, refractive error, and the anterior chamber angle among Alaskan Eskimos. Ophthalmology 2003; 110: 365-75.
    • (2003) Ophthalmology , vol.110 , pp. 365-375
    • Wojciechowski, R.1    Congdon, N.2    Anninger, W.3    Teo Broman, A.4
  • 27
    • 0027257170 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of primary angle closure glaucoma and open angle glaucoma in Mamre, western Cape, South Africa
    • Salmon JF, Mermoud A, Ivey A, Swanevelder SA, Hoffman M. The prevalence of primary angle closure glaucoma and open angle glaucoma in Mamre, western Cape, South Africa. Arch Ophthalmol 1993; 111: 1263-9.
    • (1993) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.111 , pp. 1263-1269
    • Salmon, J.F.1    Mermoud, A.2    Ivey, A.3    Swanevelder, S.A.4    Hoffman, M.5
  • 29
    • 33746721044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and clinical characteristics of glaucoma in adult Chinese: A population-based study in Liwan District, Guangzhou
    • He M, Foster PJ, Ge J etal. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of glaucoma in adult Chinese: A population-based study in Liwan District, Guangzhou. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47: 2782-8.
    • (2006) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.47 , pp. 2782-2788
    • He, M.1    Foster, P.J.2    Ge, J.3
  • 30
    • 9644275243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of glaucoma in Bangladesh: A population based survey in Dhaka division
    • Rahman MM, Rahman N, Foster PJ et al. The prevalence of glaucoma in Bangladesh: A population based survey in Dhaka division. Br J Ophthalmol 2004; 88: 1493-7.
    • (2004) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.88 , pp. 1493-1497
    • Rahman, M.M.1    Rahman, N.2    Foster, P.J.3
  • 31
    • 0042358711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of glaucoma in Thailand: A population based survey in Rom Klao District, Bangkok
    • Bourne RR, Sukudom P, Foster PJ etal. Prevalence of glaucoma in Thailand: A population based survey in Rom Klao District, Bangkok. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87: 1069-74.
    • (2003) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.87 , pp. 1069-1074
    • Bourne, R.R.1    Sukudom, P.2    Foster, P.J.3
  • 32
    • 0043031236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glaucoma in a rural population of southern India: The Aravind comprehensive eye survey
    • Ramakrishnan R, Nirmalan PK, Krishnadas R etal. Glaucoma in a rural population of southern India: The Aravind comprehensive eye survey. Ophthalmology 2003; 110: 1484-90.
    • (2003) Ophthalmology , vol.110 , pp. 1484-14890
    • Ramakrishnan, R.1    Nirmalan, P.K.2    Krishnadas, R.3
  • 33
    • 28444474591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A population based survey of the prevalence and types of glaucoma in rural West Bengal: The West Bengal Glaucoma Study
    • Raychaudhuri A, Lahiri SK, Bandyopadhyay M, Foster PJ, Reeves BC, Johnson GJ. A population based survey of the prevalence and types of glaucoma in rural West Bengal: The West Bengal Glaucoma Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89: 1559-64.
    • (2005) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.89 , pp. 1559-1564
    • Raychaudhuri, A.1    Lahiri, S.K.2    Bandyopadhyay, M.3    Foster, P.J.4    Reeves, B.C.5    Johnson, G.J.6
  • 34
    • 34249825482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of glaucoma in rural Myanmar: The Meiktila Eye Study
    • Casson RJ, Newland HS, Muecke J etal. Prevalence of glaucoma in rural Myanmar: The Meiktila Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91: 710-4.
    • (2007) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.91 , pp. 710-714
    • Casson, R.J.1    Newland, H.S.2    Muecke, J.3
  • 35
    • 0029957176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study
    • Mitchell P, Smith W, Attebo K, Healey PR. Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1996; 103: 1661-9.
    • (1996) Ophthalmology , vol.103 , pp. 1661-1669
    • Mitchell, P.1    Smith, W.2    Attebo, K.3    Healey, P.R.4
  • 36
    • 33644792665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in a rural south Indian population
    • Vijaya L, George R, Paul PG et al. Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in a rural south Indian population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46: 4461-7.
    • (2005) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.46 , pp. 4461-4467
    • Vijaya, L.1    George, R.2    Paul, P.G.3
  • 38
    • 0023163377 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution
    • Cann RL, Stoneking M, Wilson AC. Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution. Nature 1987; 325: 31-6.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.325 , pp. 31-36
    • Cann, R.L.1    Stoneking, M.2    Wilson, A.C.3
  • 39
    • 0026563433 scopus 로고
    • The recent African genesis of humans
    • Wilson AC, Cann RL. The recent African genesis of humans. Sci Am 1992; 266: 68-73.
    • (1992) Sci Am , vol.266 , pp. 68-73
    • Wilson, A.C.1    Cann, R.L.2
  • 40
    • 0035142523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global patterns of human DNA sequence variation in a 10-kb region on chromosome 1
    • Yu N, Zhao Z, Fu YX et al. Global patterns of human DNA sequence variation in a 10-kb region on chromosome 1. Mol Biol Evol 2001; 18: 214-22.
    • (2001) Mol Biol Evol , vol.18 , pp. 214-222
    • Yu, N.1    Zhao, Z.2    Fu, Y.X.3
  • 41
    • 0023818575 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and fossil evidence for the origin of modern humans
    • Stringer CB, Andrews P. Genetic and fossil evidence for the origin of modern humans. Science (New York, N. Y.) 1988; 239: 1263-8.
    • (1988) Science (New York, N. Y.) , vol.239 , pp. 1263-1268
    • Stringer, C.B.1    Andrews, P.2
  • 43
    • 0037192928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern human origins: Progress and prospects
    • Stringer C. Modern human origins: Progress and prospects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2002; 357: 563-79.
    • (2002) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.357 , pp. 563-579
    • Stringer, C.1
  • 45
    • 20844445609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single, rapid coastal settlement of Asia revealed by analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes
    • Macaulay V, Hill C, Achilli A et al. Single, rapid coastal settlement of Asia revealed by analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes. Science 2005; 308: 1034-6.
    • (2005) Science , vol.308 , pp. 1034-1036
    • Macaulay, V.1    Hill, C.2    Achilli, A.3
  • 46
    • 0033358602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y-Chromosome evidence for a northward migration of modern humans into Eastern Asia during the last Ice Age
    • Su B, Xiao J, Underhill P et al. Y-Chromosome evidence for a northward migration of modern humans into Eastern Asia during the last Ice Age. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 65: 1718-24.
    • (1999) Am J Hum Genet , vol.65 , pp. 1718-1724
    • Su, B.1    Xiao, J.2    Underhill, P.3
  • 47
    • 0035844029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African origin of modern humans in East Asia: A tale of 12,000 Y chromosomes
    • Ke Y, Su B, Song X etal. African origin of modern humans in East Asia: A tale of 12,000 Y chromosomes. Science (New York) 2001; 292: 1151-3.
    • (2001) Science (New York) , vol.292 , pp. 1151-1153
    • Ke, Y.1    Su, B.2    Song, X.3
  • 48
    • 0034330383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natives or immigrants: Modern human origin in east Asia
    • Jin L, Su B. Natives or immigrants: Modern human origin in east Asia. Nat Rev 2000; 1: 126-33.
    • (2000) Nat Rev , vol.1 , pp. 126-133
    • Jin, L.1    Su, B.2
  • 49
    • 33846511083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The missing years for modern humans
    • Goebel T, Anthropology. The missing years for modern humans. Science (New York) 2007; 315: 194-6.
    • (2007) Science (New York) , vol.315 , pp. 194-496
    • Goebel, T.1
  • 50
    • 0346096944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Yana RHS site: Humans in the Arctic before the last glacial maximum
    • Pitulko VV, Nikolsky PA, Girya EY et al. The Yana RHS site: Humans in the Arctic before the last glacial maximum. Science (New York) 2004; 303: 52-6.
    • (2004) Science (New York) , vol.303 , pp. 52-56
    • Pitulko, V.V.1    Nikolsky, P.A.2    Girya, E.Y.3
  • 51
    • 33846537387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Upper Paleolithic in Eastern Europe and implications for the dispersal of modern humans
    • Anikovich MV, Sinitsyn AA, Hoffecker JF et al. Early Upper Paleolithic in Eastern Europe and implications for the dispersal of modern humans. Science (New York) 2007; 315: 223-6.
    • (2007) Science (New York) , vol.315 , pp. 223-226
    • Anikovich, M.V.1    Sinitsyn, A.A.2    Hoffecker, J.F.3
  • 52
    • 0023775461 scopus 로고
    • The polymorphism of HLA antigens in the Chinese
    • Lee TD, Zhao TM, Mickey R et al. The polymorphism of HLA antigens in the Chinese. Tissue Antigens 1988; 32: 188-208.
    • (1988) Tissue Antigens , vol.32 , pp. 188-208
    • Lee, T.D.1    Zhao, T.M.2    Mickey, R.3
  • 53
    • 0024330177 scopus 로고
    • Gm and Km allotypes in 74 Chinese populations: A hypothesis of the origin of the Chinese nation
    • Zhao TM, Lee TD. Gm and Km allotypes in 74 Chinese populations: A hypothesis of the origin of the Chinese nation. Hum Genet 1989; 83: 101-10.
    • (1989) Hum Genet , vol.83 , pp. 101-110
    • Zhao, T.M.1    Lee, T.D.2
  • 55
    • 0035125064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A predominantly indigenous paternal heritage for the Austronesian-speaking peoples of insular Southeast Asia and Oceania
    • Capelli C, Wilson JF, Richards M et al. A predominantly indigenous paternal heritage for the Austronesian-speaking peoples of insular Southeast Asia and Oceania. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 68: 432-43.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.68 , pp. 432-443
    • Capelli, C.1    Wilson, J.F.2    Richards, M.3
  • 56
    • 3442886310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome diversity and the peopling of the Americas: Evolutionary and demographic evidence
    • Schurr TG, Sherry ST. Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome diversity and the peopling of the Americas: Evolutionary and demographic evidence. Am J Human Biol 2004; 16: 420-39.
    • (2004) Am J Human Biol , vol.16 , pp. 420-439
    • Schurr, T.G.1    Sherry, S.T.2
  • 57
    • 84936396886 scopus 로고
    • The settlement of the Americas: A comparison of linguistic, dental, and genetic evidence
    • Greenberg J, Turner CG, Zegura SL. The settlement of the Americas: A comparison of linguistic, dental, and genetic evidence. Curr Anthropol 1986; 4: 477-97.
    • (1986) Curr Anthropol , vol.4 , pp. 477-497
    • Greenberg, J.1    Turner, C.G.2    Zegura, S.L.3
  • 58
    • 0021940766 scopus 로고
    • GM allotypes in Native Americans: Evidence for three distinct migrations across the Bering land bridge
    • Williams RC, Steinberg AG, Gershowitz H etal. GM allotypes in Native Americans: Evidence for three distinct migrations across the Bering land bridge. Am J Phys Anthropol 1985; 66: 1-19.
    • (1985) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.66 , pp. 1-19
    • Williams, R.C.1    Steinberg, A.G.2    Gershowitz, H.3
  • 59
    • 0029794184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin and evolution of Native American mtDNA variation: A reappraisal
    • Forster P, Harding R, Torroni A, Bandelt HJ. Origin and evolution of Native American mtDNA variation: A reappraisal. Am J Hum Genet 1996; 59: 935-45.
    • (1996) Am J Hum Genet , vol.59 , pp. 935-945
    • Forster, P.1    Harding, R.2    Torroni, A.3    Bandelt, H.J.4
  • 60
    • 0027363388 scopus 로고
    • Asian affinities and continental radiation of the four founding Native American mtDNAs
    • Torroni A, Schurr TG, Cabell MF et al. Asian affinities and continental radiation of the four founding Native American mtDNAs. Am J Hum Genet 1993; 53: 563-90.
    • (1993) Am J Hum Genet , vol.53 , pp. 563-590
    • Torroni, A.1    Schurr, T.G.2    Cabell, M.F.3
  • 61
    • 1242343800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA variation and the origins of the Aleuts
    • Rubicz R, Schurr TG, Babb PL, Crawford MH. Mitochondrial DNA variation and the origins of the Aleuts. Hum Biol 2003; 75: 809-35.
    • (2003) Hum Biol , vol.75 , pp. 809-835
    • Rubicz, R.1    Schurr, T.G.2    Babb, P.L.3    Crawford, M.H.4
  • 62
    • 20844441597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA diversity in indigenous populations of the southern extent of Siberia, and the origins of Native American haplogroups
    • Starikovskaya EB, Sukernik RI, Derbeneva OA etal. Mitochondrial DNA diversity in indigenous populations of the southern extent of Siberia, and the origins of Native American haplogroups. Ann Hum Genet 2005; 69 (Pt 1): 67-89.
    • (2005) Ann Hum Genet , vol.69 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 67-89
    • Starikovskaya, E.B.1    Sukernik, R.I.2    Derbeneva, O.A.3
  • 64
    • 0033912992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of human skin coloration
    • Jablonski NG, Chaplin G. The evolution of human skin coloration. J Hum Evol 2000; 39: 57-106.
    • (2000) J Hum Evol , vol.39 , pp. 57-106
    • Jablonski, N.G.1    Chaplin, G.2
  • 65
    • 0013436470 scopus 로고
    • Human biological adaptation to arctic and subarctic zones
    • So JK. Human biological adaptation to arctic and subarctic zones. Annu Rev Anthropol 1980; 9: 63-82.
    • (1980) Annu Rev Anthropol , vol.9 , pp. 63-82
    • So, J.K.1
  • 67
    • 0015372379 scopus 로고
    • Head form and climatic stress
    • Beals KL. Head form and climatic stress. Am J Phys Anthropol 1972; 37: 85-92.
    • (1972) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.37 , pp. 85-92
    • Beals, K.L.1
  • 68
    • 0001733725 scopus 로고
    • Über die Verhältnisse der wärmeökonomie der Thiere zu ihrer Grösse
    • Bergmann C. Über die Verhältnisse der wärmeökonomie der Thiere zu ihrer Grösse. Annual Review of Anthropology 1847; 3: 595-708.
    • (1847) Annual Review of Anthropology , vol.3 , pp. 595-708
    • Bergmann, C.1
  • 69
    • 33947385833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human cold adaptation: An unfinished agenda
    • Steegmann AT Jr. Human cold adaptation: An unfinished agenda. Am J Hum Biol 2007; 19: 218-27.
    • (2007) Am J Hum Biol , vol.19 , pp. 218-227
    • Steegmann Jr., A.T.1
  • 70
    • 0014750592 scopus 로고
    • Cold adaptation and the human face
    • Steegmann AT Jr. Cold adaptation and the human face. Am J Phys Anthropol 1970; 32: 243-50.
    • (1970) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.32 , pp. 243-250
    • Steegmann Jr., A.T.1
  • 71
    • 0010969905 scopus 로고
    • Bilateral changes in the corneae following exposure to cold in an airman
    • Columbo GL. Bilateral changes in the corneae following exposure to cold in an airman. Br J Ophthalmol 1921; 5: 553-8.
    • (1921) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.5 , pp. 553-558
    • Columbo, G.L.1
  • 72
    • 0036799267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocular problems in military free fall parachutists
    • Gruppo L, Mader TH, Wedmore I. Ocular problems in military free fall parachutists. Mil Med 2002; 167: 797-800.
    • (2002) Mil Med , vol.167 , pp. 797-800
    • Gruppo, L.1    Mader, T.H.2    Wedmore, I.3
  • 73
    • 0014453278 scopus 로고
    • Cold injury to corneal epithelium. A cause of blurred vision in cross-country skiers
    • Kolstad A, Opsahl R Jr. Cold injury to corneal epithelium. A cause of blurred vision in cross-country skiers. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1969; 47: 656-9.
    • (1969) Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) , vol.47 , pp. 656-659
    • Kolstad, A.1    Opsahl Jr., R.2
  • 74
    • 39649117353 scopus 로고
    • Hypothermal injuries
    • In Duke-Elder S, ed. London: Kimpton
    • Duke-Elder S, MacFaul PA. Hypothermal injuries. In Duke-Elder S, ed. System of Ophthalmology. London: Kimpton, 1972; 776-99.
    • (1972) System of Ophthalmology , pp. 776-799
    • Duke-Elder, S.1    MacFaul, P.A.2
  • 75
    • 39649098724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why men matter: Mating patterns drive evolution of human lifespan
    • Tuljapurkar SD, Puleston CO, Gurven MD. Why men matter: Mating patterns drive evolution of human lifespan. PloS ONE 2007; 2: E785.
    • (2007) PloS ONE , vol.2
    • Tuljapurkar, S.D.1    Puleston, C.O.2    Gurven, M.D.3
  • 76
    • 0036639519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15 answers to creationist nonsense
    • Rennie J. 15 answers to creationist nonsense. Sci Am 2002; 287: 78-85.
    • (2002) Sci Am , vol.287 , pp. 78-85
    • Rennie, J.1
  • 77
    • 0032471421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • mtDNA, haplogroup X: An ancient link between Europe/Western Asia and North America?
    • Brown MD, Hosseini SH, Torroni A etal. mtDNA, haplogroup X: An ancient link between Europe/Western Asia and North America? Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63: 1852-61.
    • (1998) Am J Hum Genet , vol.63 , pp. 1852-1861
    • Brown, M.D.1    Hosseini, S.H.2    Torroni, A.3
  • 78
    • 0016001011 scopus 로고
    • Thermography of the eye during cold stress
    • Rysa P, Sarvaranta J. Thermography of the eye during cold stress. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 1974; 123: 234-9.
    • (1974) Acta Ophthalmol Suppl , vol.123 , pp. 234-239
    • Rysa, P.1    Sarvaranta, J.2
  • 79
    • 0022295587 scopus 로고
    • Ocular freezing avoidance in Antarctic fish
    • Turner JD, Scrag JD, DeVries AL. Ocular freezing avoidance in Antarctic fish. J Exp Biol 1985; 118: 121-31.
    • (1985) J Exp Biol , vol.118 , pp. 121-131
    • Turner, J.D.1    Scrag, J.D.2    DeVries, A.L.3
  • 80
    • 0029202629 scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in ocular distances in normal eyes of Samoyeds
    • Ekesten B, Torrang I. Age-related changes in ocular distances in normal eyes of Samoyeds. Am J Vet Res 1995; 56: 127-33.
    • (1995) Am J Vet Res , vol.56 , pp. 127-133
    • Ekesten, B.1    Torrang, I.2
  • 81
    • 0000007790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Into the light: The origin of Anthropoidea
    • Ross CF. Into the light: The origin of Anthropoidea. Annu Rev Anthropol 2000; 29: 147-94.
    • (2000) Annu Rev Anthropol , vol.29 , pp. 147-194
    • Ross, C.F.1
  • 82
    • 0031414523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biometry and primary angle-closure glaucoma among Chinese, white, and black populations
    • Congdon NG, Youlin Q, Quigley H et al. Biometry and primary angle-closure glaucoma among Chinese, white, and black populations. Ophthalmology 1997; 104: 1489-95.
    • (1997) Ophthalmology , vol.104 , pp. 1489-1495
    • Congdon, N.G.1    Youlin, Q.2    Quigley, H.3
  • 83
    • 0036145172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biometric gonioscopy and the effects of age, race, and sex on the anterior chamber angle
    • Congdon NG, Foster PJ, Wamsley S et al. Biometric gonioscopy and the effects of age, race, and sex on the anterior chamber angle. Br J Ophthalmol 2002; 86: 18-22.
    • (2002) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.86 , pp. 18-22
    • Congdon, N.G.1    Foster, P.J.2    Wamsley, S.3
  • 84
    • 0028325014 scopus 로고
    • The anterior chamber angle is different in different racial groups: A gonioscopic study
    • Oh YG, Minelli S, Spaeth GL, Steinman WC. The anterior chamber angle is different in different racial groups: A gonioscopic study. Eye 1994; 8 (Pt 1): 104-8.
    • (1994) Eye , vol.8 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 104-108
    • Oh, Y.G.1    Minelli, S.2    Spaeth, G.L.3    Steinman, W.C.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.