Advance directives

Annual Review of Medicine

Volumn 59, Issue , 2008, Pages 187-198

  Emanuel, Linda L ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Advance care planning; Goals; Medical directives; Proxy; Scenarios; Thresholds

Indexed keywords

DOCTOR PATIENT RELATION; FAMILY; HEALTH CARE NEED; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HUMAN; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; PATIENT CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

ADVANCE DIRECTIVES; HUMANS; PHYSICIAN'S ROLE;

EID: 39649089875     PISSN: 00664219     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.med.58.072905.062804     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical Research. 1983. Deciding to forego life-sustaining treatment: a report on the ethical, medical, and legal issues in treatment decisions. Washington, DC: Gov. Print. Off.
2. Lynn J. 1991. Why I don't have a living will. Law Med. Health Care 19:101-4
3. Seghal A, Galbraith A, Chesney M, et al. 1992. How strictly do dialysis patients want their advance directives followed? JAMA 267:59-63
4. Emanuel EJ, Emanuel LL. 1992. Proxy decision making. JAMA 267:2221-26
5. Hines SC, Glover JJ, Babrow AS, et al. 2001. Improving advance care planning by accommodating family preferences. J. Palliative Med. 4(4):481-89
6. Rabkin MT, Gillerman G, Rice NR. 1976. Orders not to resuscitate. N. Engl. J. Med. 295:364-66
7. Emanuel LL. 1989. Does the do-not-resuscitate order need life sustaining intervention? Time for advance care directives. Am. J. Med. 86:87-90
8. Ratner E, Norlander L, McSteen K. 2 001. Death at home following a targeted advance-care planning process at home: the kitchen table discussion. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 49(6):778-81
9. Voogt E, van der Heide A, Rietjens JAC, et al. 2005. Attitudes of patients with incurable cancer toward medical treatment in the last phase of life. J. Clin. Oncol. 23:2012-19
10. Bedell SE, Delbanco TL. 1984. Choices about cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the hospital: When do physicians talk with patients? N. Engl. J. Med. 310:1089-93
11. Cantor MD. 2000. Improving advance care planning: lessons from POLST. Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 48(10):1343
12. Bok S. 1976. Personal directions for care at the end of life. N. Engl. J. Med. 295:367-69
13. Relman AS. 1979. Michigan's sensible living will. N. Engl. J. Med. 300:1270-72
14. Doukas DJ, McCullough LB. 1991. The values history: the evaluation of the patient's values and advance directives. J. Fam. Pract. 32:145-53
15. Emanuel LL, Emanuel EJ. 1989. The medical directive: a new comprehensive advance care document. JAMA 261:3288-93
16. Schneiderman LJ, Pearlman RA, Kaplan RM, et al. 1992. Relationship of general advance directive instructions to specific life-sustaining treatment preferences in patients with serious illness. Arch. Intern. Med. 152:2114-22
17. Fischer G, Alpert H, Stoeckle JD, et al. 1994. Relationship between goals and treatment preferences in advance directives. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 9:93
18. Doukas DJ, Gorenflo DW. 1993. Analyzing the values history: an evaluation of patient medical values and advance directives. J. Clin. Ethics 4:41-45
19. Quest T, Emanuel L, eds. 2007. Module: advance planning. In The Education in Palliative and End-of-life Care - Emergency Medicine (EPEC-EM) Curriculum. http://www.epec.net
20. Nunally JC. 1978. Psychometric Theory, pp. 265-70. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2nd ed.
21. Singer PA. 1994. Disease-specific advance directives. Lancet 344:594-96
22. Berry SR, Singer PA. 1998. The cancer-specific advance directive. Cancer 82(8):1570-77
23. Patrick DO, Starks HE, Cain KC, et al. 1994. Measuring preferences for health states worse than death. Med. Decision Making 14:9-18
24. Emanuel LL, Emanuel EJ, Stoeckle JD, et al. 1994. Advance directives: stability of patients' treatment choices. Arch. Intern. Med. 154:209-17
25. Emanuel LL, Barry MJ, Emanuel EJ, et al. 1994. Advance directive: Can patients' stated treatment choices be used to infer unstated choices? Med. Care 32:95-105
26. Alpert H, Hoijtink R, Fischer G, et al. 1996. Psychometric analysis of an advance directive. Med. Care 34:1055-63
27. Schwartz CE, Merriman MP, Reed GW, et al. 2004. Measuring patient treatment preferences in end-of-life care research: applications for advance care planning interventions and response shift research. J. Palliative Med. 7(2):233-45
28. 1994. Right to die legislation. New York: Choice in Dying (brochure)
29. Gostin LO. 2005. Ethics, the Constitution, and the dying process: the case of Theresa Marie Schiavo. JAMA 293:2403-7
30. Weir RF, Gostin L. 1990. Decisions to abate life-sustaining treatment for nonautonomous patients: ethical standards and legal liability for physicians after Cruzan. JAMA 264:1846-53
31. Emanuel EJ. 1988. A review of the ethical and legal aspects of terminating medical care. Am. J. Med. 84:291-301
32. Perkins HS, Geppert CM, Gonzales A, et al. 2002. Cross-cultural similarities and differences in attitudes about advance care planning. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 17(1):48-57
33. Blackhall LJ, Murphy ST, Frank G, et al. 1995. Ethnicity and attitudes toward patient autonomy. JAMA 274:820-25
34. McKinley ED, Garrett JM, Evans AT, et al. 1996. Differences in end-of-life decision making among black and white ambulatory cancer patients. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 11:651-56
35. Carrese JA, Rhodes LA. 1995. Western bioethics on the Navajo reservation: benefit or harm? JAMA 274:826-29
36. Emanuel LL. 1994. What makes a directive valid? Hastings Cent. Rep. 24(Suppl):S27-29
37. Deleted in proof
38. Emanuel LL, Emanuel EJ. 1993. When patients have no advance directives: institutional default guidelines defined by communities of patients. Hastings Cent. Rep. 23:6-14
39. Emanuel LL, Danis M, Pearlman RA, et al. 1995. Advance care planning as a process. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 43:440-46
40. Knight S, Emanuel L. 2007. Processes of adjustment to end-of-life losses: a reintegration model. J. Palliative Med. 10:1190-98
41. Wenger NS, Kanouse DE, Collins RL, et al. 2001. End-of-life discussions and preferences among persons with HIV. JAMA 285(22):2880-87
42. Grimaldo DA, Wiener-Kronish JP, Jurson T, et al. 2001. A randomized, controlled trial of advanced care planning discussion during preoperative evaluations. Anasthesiology 95(1):43-50
43. Lorenz KA, Lynn J. 2004. Oregon's lessons for improving advance care planning. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 52(4):233-37
44. Henderson ML. 2004. Gerontological advance practice nurses: as end-of-life care facilitators. Geriatr. Nurs. 25(4):247-54
45. Morrison RS, Chichin E, Carter J, et al. 2005. The effect of a social work intervention to enhance advance care planning documentation in the nursing home. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 53(2):290-94
46. Briggs LA, Kirchhoff KT, Hammes BJ, et al. 2004. Patient-centered advance care planning in special patient populations: a pilot study. J. Prof. Nurs. 20(1):47-58
47. Pearlman RA, Starkes H, Cain KC, et al. 2005. Improvements in advance care planning in the Veterans Affairs system: results of a multifaceted intervention. Arch. Intern. Med. 165(6):667-74
48. Weeks JC, Cook EF, O'Day SJ, et al. 1998. Relationship between cancer patients' predictions of prognosis and their treatment preferences. JAMA 279:1709-14
49. Fried TR, Bradley EH, Towle VR, et al. 2002. Understanding the treatment preferences of seriously ill patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 346:1061-66
50. Fried TR, Bradley EH. 2003. What matters to seriously ill older persons making end-of-life treatment decisions? A qualitative study. J. Palliative Med. 6(2):237-44
51. Orentlicher D. 1990. Advance medical directives. JAMA 263:2365-67
52. Silverstein MD, Stocking CB, Antel JP, et al. 1991. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and life-sustaining therapy: patient's desires for information, participation in decision making, and life-sustaining therapy. Mayo Clin. Proc. 66:906-13
53. Everhart MA, Pearlman RA. 1990. Stability of patient preferences regarding life-sustaining treatments. Chest 97:159-64
54. Danis, Patrick DL, Garrett J, et al. 1994. Stability of choices about life-sustaining treatments. Ann. Intern. Med. 120:567-73
55. Lynn J, Goldstein NE. 2003. Advance care planning for fatal chronic illness: avoiding commonplace errors and unwarranted suffering. Ann. Intern. Med. 138(10):812-18
56. Emanuel LL. 1994. Appropriate and inappropriate use of advance directives. Clin. Ethics 5(4):357-59
57. The SUPPORT investigators. 1995. A controlled trial to improve decision-making for seriously ill hospitalized patients: the struggle to understand prognoses and preferences for outcomes and risks of treatments (SUPPORT). JAMA 274(20):1591-98
58. Danis M, Southerland LI, Garrett JM, et al. 1991. A prospective study of advance directives for life-sustaining care. N. Engl. J. Med. 324:882-88