Occupational exposure limits: A comparative study

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

Volumn 50, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 261-270

  Schenk, Linda ^a,b   Hansson, Sven Ove ^b   Rudén, Christina ^a,b   Gilek, Michael ^a  

^a School of Life Sciences Södertörn University   (Sweden)

^b ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

ACGIH; Chemicals regulation; Occupational exposure limits; Risk assessment; Risk management

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; POLAND; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK MANAGEMENT; SWEDEN; TOXICITY TESTING; UNITED STATES;

DATA COLLECTION; DATABASES, FACTUAL; DECISION MAKING, ORGANIZATIONAL; DOCUMENTATION; GOVERNMENT AGENCIES; HALF-LIFE; HUMANS; LEGISLATION, MEDICAL; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK MANAGEMENT; THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES;

EID: 39149085645     PISSN: 02732300     EISSN: 10960295     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.12.004     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. ACGIH, 2005. American Conference on Industrial Hygiene (ACGIH) (2005). Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs with other worldwide occupational exposure values CD-ROM. ACGIH, Cincinnati, USA.
2. ACGIH, 2000. American Conference on Industrial Hygiene (ACGIH) (2000). Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs with other worldwide occupational exposure values. ACGIH, Cincinnati, USA.
3. ACGIH, 1995. American Conference on Industrial Hygiene (ACGIH) (1995). Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs with other worldwide occupational exposure values. ACGIH, Cincinnati, USA.
4. Alberta, Canada, 2003. Alberta Regulation 321/2003 Occupational Health and Safety Act. Occupational Health and Safety Code. October 2003. Alberta Queen's Printer, Edmonton, Canada.
5. Australia, 1995. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (1995). Exposure standards for atmospheric contaminants in the occupational environment. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
6. Australia, 2005. Office of the Australian Safety and Compensation Council Australia (2005). Exposure standards for atmospheric contaminants in the occupational environment. Commonwealth of Australia. Available from: (2006-06-19).
7. British Columbia, Canada, 2004. American Conference on Industrial Hygiene (ACGIH) (2005). Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs with other worldwide occupational exposure values CD-ROM.
8. California, USA, 2006. California Code of Regulations, Title 8. Chapter 3.2 California Occupational Safety and Health regulations. §5155. Airborne contaminants. Available from: .
9. Estonia, 2001. Estonian ministry of Social Affairs (2001) Limit values for chemical hazards in the working environment. Regulation No. 293 of the Government of the Republic of 18 September 2001. RT [State Gazette] I 2001, 77, 460.
10. EU, 1991. Commission Directive 91/322/EEC of 29 May 1991 on establishing indicative limit values by implementing Council Directive 80/1107/EEC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents at work.
11. EU, 1996. Commission Directive 96/94/EC of 18 December 1996 establishing a second list of indicative limit values in implementation of Council Directive 80/1107/EEC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents at work.
12. EU, 1998. Council Directive 98/24/EC of 7 April 1998 on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work (fourteenth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC).
13. EU, 2000. Commission Directive 2000/39/EC of 8 June 2000 establishing a first list of indicative occupational exposure limit values in implementation of Council Directive 98/24/EC on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work.
14. EU, 2003. Directive 2003/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 March 2003 amending Council Directive 83/477/EEC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to asbestos at work (text with EEA relevance).
15. EU, 2004. Directive 2004/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work (Sixth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Council Directive 89/391/EEC).
16. EU, 2006. Commission Directive 2006/15/EC of 7 February 2006 establishing a second list of indicative occupational exposure limit values in implementation of Council Directive 98/24/EC and amending Directives 91/322/EEC and 2000/39/EC.
17. Finland, 1993. Arbetsministeriet (1993). HTP-värden 1993. Säkerhetsmeddelande Nr 23. Arbetsministeriet Delegationen för arbetarskydd beträffande kemiska ämnen, Tammerfors, Finland.
18. Finland, 2002. Social- och hälsovårdsministeriet (2002). HTP-värden 2002. Social och hälsovårdsministeriet, Tammerfors, Finland.
19. Finland, 2005. Social- och hälsovårdsministeriet (2005). HTP-värden 2005. Social och hälsovårdsministeriet, Helsinki, Finland.
20. France, 2005. Insititut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS) (2005). Note documentaire: Valeurs Limites d'exposition professionelle aux agents chimiques en France. ND2098. Insititut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, France.
21. Germany, 1995. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (1995). MAK- und BAT-Werte-Liste 1995. Senatskommision zur Prüfung gesundheitsschadlicher Arbeitsstoffe. Mitteilung 31.VHC Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Germany.
22. Germany, 2000. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (2000). List of MAK and BAT Values 2000. Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area. Report No. 36. Wiley-VHC, Weinheim, Germany.
23. Germany, 2005. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (2005). List of MAK and BAT Values 2005.Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area. Report No. 41. Wiley-VHC, Weinheim, Germany.
24. JSOH, 2000. The Japan Society for Occupational Health (2000). Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (2000-2001). J. Occup. Health, 42, 213-228.
25. JSOH, 2005. The Japan Society for Occupational Health (2005). Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (2005-2006). J. Occup. Health, 47, 354-370.
26. New Zealand, 2002. New Zealand Department of Labour (2002). Workplace Exposure Standards. Occupational Safety and Health Service Department of Labour, Wellington. Available from: (2007-03-29).
27. Ontario, Canada, 2005. Ontario Canada: Occupational Health and Safety Act Loi sur la santé et la sécurité au travail R.R.O. 1990, REGULATION 833 Amended to O. Reg. 607/05 Control of Exposure to Biological or Chemical Agents. Available from: .
28. Poland, 1998. Minister of Labour and Social Policy (1998). The Ordinance on the maximum admissible concentrations and intensities of harmful to health agents in the working environment. J. Laws 1998, No. 79, item 513, Poland.
29. Poland, 2002. The Minister of Labour and Social Policy (2002). The Ordinance on the maximum admissible concentrations and intensities of harmful to health agents in the working environment. DZIENNIK USTAW2002, No. 217, item 1833, Poland.
30. Poland, 2005. The Minister of Labour and Social Policy (2005). The Ordinance on the maximum admissible concentrations and intensities of harmful to health agents in the working environment, DZIENNIK USTAW 2005, No. 212, item 1769, Poland.
31. Quebec, Canada, 2004. Province of Quebec (2004) Règlement sur la santé et la sécurité du travail (S2.1, R.19). Available from: .
32. Sweden, 1996. Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens Författningssamling (AFS) (1996). Hygieniska gränsvärden och åtgärder mot luftföroreningar, AFS 1996, 2.
33. Sweden, 2000. Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens Författningssamling (AFS) (2000). Hygieniska gränsvärden och åtgärder mot luftföroreningar, AFS 2000, 3.
34. Sweden, 2005. Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens Författningssamling (AFS) (2005). Hygieniska gränsvärden och åtgärder mot luftföroreningar, AFS 2005, 17. Available from: .
35. United Kingdom, 1995. Health and Safety Executive (HSE) (1995). Occupational Exposure Limits 1995. HSE Books, UK.
36. United Kingdom, 2000. Health and Safety Executive (HSE) (2000). Occupational Exposure Limits 2000. HSE Books, UK.
37. United Kingdom, 2005. Health and Safety Executive (HSE) (2005). List of approved workplace exposure limits. Available from: .
38. USA OSHA, 2004. American Conference on Industrial Hygiene (ACGIH) (2005). Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs with other worldwide occupational exposure values CD-ROM. ACGIH, Cincinnati, USA.
39. ACGIH-American Conference on Industrial Hygiene, 2005. Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs with other worldwide occupational exposure values CD-ROM. ACGIH, Cincinnati, USA.
40. AFS-Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens Författningssamling, 2005. Occupational exposure limit values and measures against air contaminants, AFS 2005, 17. Available from: .
41. In: Bal R., and Halffman W. (Eds). The Politics of Chemical Risk. Scenarios for a Regulatory Future (1998), Kluwer Academic publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 367
42. Bigelow P., Moore D., and Yassi A. Assessing the health implications for healthcare workers of regulatory changes eliminating locally developed occupational exposure limits in favor of TLVs: an evidence-based bipartite approach. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health 10 4 (2004) 433-444
43. Calabrelse E.J. Methodological Approaches to Deriving Environmental and Occupational Health Standards (1978), John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA
44. Castleman B.I., and Ziem G.E. Corporate influence on threshold limit values. Am. J. Ind. Med. 13 5 (1988) 531-559
45. CEC, 1980. Council Directive 80/1107/EEC of 27 November 1980 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents at work.
46. Cunningham E.A., Todd J.J., and Jablonski W. Was there sufficient justification for the 10-fold increase in the TLV for silica fume? A critical review. Am. J. Ind. Med. 33 3 (1998) 212-223
47. EC, 2006. Commission Directive 2006/15/EC of 7 February 2006 establishing a second list of indicative occupational exposure limit values in implementation of Council Directive 98/24/EC and amending Directives 91/322/EEC and 2000/39/EC.
48. Feron, V.J., 2003. Setting Occupational exposure limits in the European Union. In: Arbete och hälsa, Johanson G. (Ed.), Occupational Exposure Limits-Approaches and Criteria. Proceedings from a Niva Course held in Uppsala, Sweden, 24-28 September 2001, 2003, 17, Stockholm, Sweden.
49. Greenberg M. Revising the British Occupational Hygiene Society asbestos standard: 1968-1982. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49 7 (2006) 577-604
50. Haber L.T., and Maier A. Scientific criteria used for the development of occupational exposure limits for metals and other mining related chemicals. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 36 (2002) 262-279
51. Hansson S.O. Setting the Limit. Occupational Health Standards and the Limits of Science (1998), Oxford University Press, New York, USA
52. Hansson S.O., and Rudén C. Evaluating the risk decision process. Toxicology 218 (2006) 100-111
53. Markowitz G., and Rosner D. The limits of thresholds-silica and the politics of science, 1935 to 1990. Am. J. Public Health 85 2 (1995) 253-262
54. Piney M. Exposure limits and health risks arguments for a paradigm shift. In: Bal R., and Halffman W. (Eds). The Politics of Chemical Risk. Scenarios for a Regulatory Future (1998), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
55. Rappaport S.M. Threshold limit values, permissible exposure limits, and feasibility. The bases for exposure limits in the United States. Am. J. Ind. Med. 23 5 (1993) 683-694
56. Roach S.A., and Rappaport S.M. But they are not thresholds: a critical analysis of the documentation of threshold limit values. Am. J. Ind. Med. 17 6 (1990) 727-753
57. Rudén C. Scrutinizing ACGIH risk assessments: the trichloroethylene case. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44 2 (2003) 207-213
58. Social- och hälsovårdsministeriet, 2005. HTP-värden 2005. Social och hälsovårdsministeriet, Helsinki, Finland.
59. Taylor A., Angerer J., Arnaud J., Claeys F., Kristiansen j., Mazarraza O., Menditto A., Patriarca M., Pineau A., Valkonen S., and Weycamp C. Differences in national legislation for the implementation of lead regulations included in the European directive for the protection of the health and safety of workers with occupational exposure to chemical agents (98/24/EC). Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 80 (2007) 254-264
60. Walters D., and Grodzki K. Beyond Limits? Dealing with Chemical Risks at Work in Europe (2006), Elsevier Ltd., Oxford, UK
61. Ziem G.E., and Castleman B.I. Threshold limit values: historical perspectives and current practice. J. Occup. Med. 31 11 (1989) 910-918