Enhancing supported employment services for individuals with a serious mental illness: A review of the literature

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 177-189

  Loveland, David ^a   Driscoll, Hilary ^a   Boyle, Michael ^a  

^a Fayette Companies   (United States)

Author keywords

Cognitive and psychosocial rehabilitation training; Supported employment

Indexed keywords

COGNITIVE DEFECT; COGNITIVE REHABILITATION; COMPETITION; EMPLOYABILITY; EMPLOYMENT; HEALTH PROGRAM; HUMAN; JOB ACCOMMODATION; JOB PERFORMANCE; MARKETING; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH CARE; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; PARTTIME EMPLOYMENT; PATIENT COUNSELING; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; STAFF TRAINING; TREATMENT PLANNING; VOCATIONAL EDUCATION; VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION; WORK DISABILITY; WORK ENVIRONMENT; WORKMAN COMPENSATION;

EID: 38949208227     PISSN: 10522263     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. C.S. Ahrens, J.L. Frey and S.C.S. Durke, An individualized job engagement approach for persons with severe mental illness, Journal of Rehabilitation (October/November/December, 1999), 17-24.
2. H. Alverson, E. Carpenter and R.E. Drake, An ethnographic study of job seeking among people with severe mental illness, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 30 (2006), 15-22.
3. H. Alverson, R.E. Drake and D.R. Becker, Social correlates of competitive employment among people with severe mental illness, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 22 (1998), 34-40.
4. T.E. Backer, R.P. Liberman and T.G. Kuehnel, Dissemination and adoption of innovative psychosocial interventions, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 54 (1986), 111-118.
5. E.L. Bailey, S.K. Ricketts, D.R. Becker, H. Xie and R.E. Drake, Do long-term day treatment clients benefit from supported employment? Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 22 (1998), 24-30.
6. D.R. Becker, G.R. Bond, D. McCarthy, D. Thompson, H. Xie, G.J. McHugo and R.E. Drake, Converting day treatment centers to supported employment programs in Rhode Island, Psychiatric Services 52 (2001), 351-357.
7. D.R. Becker, H. Xie, G.J. McHugo, J. Halliday and R.A. Martinez, What predicts supported employment outcomes? Community Mental Health Journal 42 (2006), 303-313.
8. D.R. Becker, J. Smith, B. Tanzman, R.E. Drake and T. Tremblay, Fidelity of supported employment programs and employment outcomes, Psychiatric Services 52 (2001), 834-836.
9. D.R. Becker, R.E. Drake and W.J. Naughton, Supported employment for people with co-occurring disorders, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 28 (2005), 332-338.
10. D.R. Becker, R.E. Drake, G.R. Bond, H. Xie, B.J. Dain and K. Harrison, Job termination among persons with severe mental illness participating in supported employment, Community Mental Health Journal 34 (1998), 71-82.
11. D.R Becker, W.C. Torrey, R. Toscano, P.F. Wyzik and T.S. Fox, Building recovery-oriented services: Lessons from implementing individual placement and support (IPS) in community mental health centers, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 22 (1998), 51-55.
12. J.R. Bedell, D.H. Draving, A. Parris, R. Gervey and P. Guastadisegni, A description and comparison of experiences of people with mental disorders in supported employment and paid prevocational training, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 21 (1998), 279-284.
13. M. Bell, G. Bryson, T. Grieg, C. Corcoran and B. Wexler, Neurocognitive enhancement therapy with work therapy, Archives of General Psychiatry 58 (2001), 763-768.
14. M. Bell, P. Lysaker and G. Bryson, A behavioral intervention to improve work performance in schizophrenia: Work behavior inventory feedback, Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 18 (2003), 43-50.
15. S. Bilder and D. Mechanic, Navigating the disability process: Persons with mental disorders applying for and receiving disability benefits, The Milbank Quarterly 81 (2003), 75-106.
16. L. Blankertz and S. Robinson, Adding a vocational focus to mental health rehabilitation, Psychiatric Services 47 (1996), 1216-1222.
17. G.R. Bond, D.R. Becker, R.E. Drake and K.M. Vogler, A fidelity scale for the individual placement and support model of supported employment, Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 40 (1997), 265-284.
18. G.R. Bond, D.R. Becker, R.E. Drake, C.A. Rapp, N. Meisler, A.F. Lehman, M.D. Bell and C.R. Blyler, Implementing supported employment as an evidence-based practice, Psychiatric Services 52 (2001), 313-322.
19. G.R. Bond, R.E. Drake, K.T. Mueser and D.R. Becker, An update on supported employment for people with severe mental illness, Psychiatric Services 48 (1997), 335-341.
20. G.R. Bond, S.G. Resnick, R.E. Drake, H. Xie, G.J. McHugo and R.R. Bebout, Does competitive employment improve nonvocational outcomes for people with severe mental illness? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 69(3) (2001), 489-501.
21. G.R. Bond, Supported employment: Evidence for an evidence-based practice, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 27 (2004), 345-359.
22. V. Brooke, H. Green, D. O'Brien, B. White and A. Armstrong, Supported employment: It's working in Alabama, Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 14 (2000), 163-171.
23. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Annual averages-household data. 2005, Washington, D.C.: US Department of Labor-BLS. Retrieved on October 16, 2006 at http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm.
24. J.K. Burke-Miller, J.A. Cook, D.D Grey, L.A. Razzano, C.R. Blyler, H.S. Leff et al., Demographic characteristics and employment among people with severe mental illness in a multisite study, Community Mental Health Journal 42 (2006), 143-158.
25. E.S. Casper and B.S. Carloni, Increasing the utilization of supported employment services with the need for change scale, Psychiatric Services 57 (2006), 1430-1434.
26. M.E. Collins, D. Bybee and C. Mowbray, Effectiveness of supported education for individuals with psychiatric disabilities: Results from an experimental study, Community Mental Health Journal 34 (1998), 595-613.
27. J.A. Cook, The promise of vocational rehabilitation: Results of the SAMHSA, Employment Intervention Demonstration Program, (2002), Retrieved on October 25, 2006 at www.psych.uic.edu/eidp.
28. J.A. Cook, A.F. Lehman, R.E. Drake and R. Willliam, Integration of psychiatric and vocational services: A multisite randomized controlled trail of supported employment, American Journal of Psychiatry 162 (2005), 1948-1956.
29. J.A. Cook, Employment barriers for persons with psychiatric disabilities: Update of a report for the president's commission, Psychiatric Services 57 (2006), 1391-1405.
30. J.A. Cook, H.S. Leff, C.R. Blyler, P.B. Gold, R.W. Goldberg et al., Results of a multisite randomized trial of supported employment interventions for individuals with severe mental illness, Archives of General Psychiatry 62 (2005), 505-512.
31. J.A. Cook, S.A. Pickett-Schenk, D. Grey, M. Banghart, R.A. Rosenheck and F. Randolph, Vocational outcomes among formerly homeless persons with severe mental illness in the ACCESS program, Psychiatric Services 52 (2001), 1075-1080.
32. J.A. Cook, V. Mulkern, D.D. Grey, J. Burke-Miller, C.R. Blyler, L.A. Razzano, S.J. Onken, R.M. Balser, P.B. Gold, M.S. Shafer, C.L. Kaufmann, K. Donegan, C.M. Chow and P.A. Steigman, Effects of local unemployment rate on vocational outcomes in a randomized trial of supported employment for individuals with psychiatric disabilities, Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 25 (2006), 1-10.
33. K. Cunningham, R. Wolbert and M.D. Brockmeier, Moving beyond the illness: Factors contributing to gaining and maintaining employment, American Journal of Community Psychology 28 (2000), 481-495.
34. J. Doria, A. Guitar, L. Solheim, C. Dvorkin and S. Marine, Differences in job retention in a supported employment program Chinook clubhouse, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 25 (2002), 289-298.
35. R.E. Drake, D.R. Becker, G.R. Bond and K.T. Mueser, A process analysis of integrated and non-integrated approaches to supported employment, Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 18 (2003), 51-58.
36. R.E. Drake, D.R. Becker, H.H. Goldman and R.A. Martinez, The Johnson and Johnson- Dartmouth community mental health program: Disseminating evidence-based practice, Psychiatric Services 57 (2006), 302-304.
37. R.E. Drake, D.R. Becker, J.C. Biesanz, P.F. Wyzik and W.C. Torrey, Day treatment versus supported employment for persons with severe mental illness: A replication study, Psychiatric Services 47 (1996), 1125-1127.
38. R.E. Drake, D.R. Becker, J.C. Biesanz, P.F. Wyzik, W.C. Torrey, G.J. McHugo and P.F. Wyzik, Rehabilitative day treatment vs. supported employment: I. Vocational outcomes, Community Mental Health Journal 30 (1994), 519-532.
39. R.E. Drake, G.J. McHugo, D.R. Becker, W.A. Anthony and R.E. Clark, The New Hampshire study of supported employment for people with severe mental illness, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 64 (1996), 391-399.
40. R.E. Drake, G.J. McHugo, R.R. Bebout, D.R. Becker, M. Harris, G.R. Bond and E. Quimby, A randomized clinical trail of supported employment for inner-city patients with severe mental disorders, Archives of General Psychiatry 56 (1999), 627-633.
41. R.E. Drake, T.S. Fox, P.K. Leather, D.R. Becker, J.S. Musumeci, W.F. Ingram and G.J. McHugo, Regional variation in competitive employment for persons with severe mental illness, Administration and Policy in Mental Health 25 (1998), 493-504.
42. M. Fioravanti, O. Carlone, B. Vitale, M.E. Cinti and L. Clare, A meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in adults with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, Neuropsychology Review 15 (2005), 73-95.
43. M. Furlong, M.S. McCoy, J. Dincin, R. Clay, K. McClory and D. Pavick, Job for people with the most severe psychiatric disorders: Thresholds Bridge North Pilot, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 26 (2002), 13-22.
44. P.A. Garety, D. Fowler and E. Kuipers, Cognitive-behavioral therapy for medication resistant symptoms, Schizophrenia Bulletin 26 (2000), 73-86.
45. R. Gervey and H. Kowal, The job developer's presence in the job interview; Is it helpful or harmful to persons with psychiatric disabilities seeking employment? Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 29 (2000), 128-131.
46. M. Gold and J. Marrone, Mass bay employment services: A story of leadership, visions, and action resulting in employment for people with mental illness, Roses and Thorns from the Grassroots 1 (1998), Retrieved on November 16, 2006 at http://beta.communityinclusion.org/ publications/text/rt1text.html.
47. P.B. Gold, N. Meisler, A.B. Santos, M.A. Carnemolla, O.H. Williams and J. Keleher, Randomized trial of supported employment integrated with assertive community treatment for rural adults with severe mental illness, Schizophrenia Bullietin 32 (2006), 378-395.
48. R.A. Gould, K.T. Mueser, E. Bolton, V. Mays and D. Goff, Cognitive therapy for psychosis in schizophrenia: An effect size analysis, Schizophrenia Research 48 (2001), 335-342.
49. E.L. Gowdy, L.S. Carlson and C.A. Rapp, Practices differentiating high- performing from low-performing supported employment programs, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 26 (2003), 232-238.
50. M.F. Green, R.S. Kern, D.L. Braff and J. Mintz, Neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia: Are we measuring the "right stuff"? Schizophrenia Bulletin 26 (2000), 119-136.
51. J. Handler, K. Doel, A. Henry and A. Lucca, Implementing supported employment services in a real-world setting, Psychiatric Services 54 (2003), 960-962.
52. P.D. Harvey, M.F. Green, R.S.E. Keefe and D.I. Velligan, Cognitive functioning in schizophrenia: A consensus statement on its role in the definition and evaluation of effective treatments for the illness, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 65 (2004), 361-372.
53. R. K. Heinssen, R.P. Liberman and A. Kopelowicz, Psychosocial skills training for Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Bulletin 26(1) (2000), 21-45.
54. A.D. Henry, A.M. Lucca, L. Simon and S. Page, Inpateint hospitalizations and emergency service visits among participants in an individual placement and support (IPS) model program, Mental Health Services Research 6(4) (2004), 227-237.
55. A. Hofer, S. Baumgartner, T. Bodner, M. Edlinger, M. Hummer, G. Kemmler, M.A. Rettenbacher and W.W. Fleischhacker, Patient outcomes in schizophrenia, II: The impact of cognition, European Psychiatry 20 (2005), 395-402.
56. G.E. Hogarty, S. Flesher, R. Ulrich, M. Carter, D. Greenwald, M. Pogue-Geile, M. Kechavan, S. Cooley, A.L. DiBarry, A. Garrett, H. Parepally and R. Zoretich, Cognitive enhancement therapy for schizophrenia: Effects of a 2-year randomized trial on cognition and behavior, Archives of General Psychiatry 61 (2004), 866-876.
57. W. Isenwater, W. Lanham and H. Thornhill, The college link program: Evaluation of supported education initiative in Great Britain, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 26 (2002), 43-50.
58. C.J. Jones, D.V. Perkins and D.L. Born, Predicting work outcomes and service use in supported employment services for persons with psychiatric disabilities, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 25 (1) (2001), 53-59.
59. R.S. Keefe, T.E. Goldberg, P.D. Harvey, J.M. Gold, M.P. Poe and L. Coughenour, The brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia: reliability, sensitivity, and comparison with standard neurocognitive battery, Schizophrenia Research 68 (2004), 283-297.
60. R.S. Kern, R.P. Liberman, A. Kopelowicz, J. Mintz and M.F. Green, Applications of errorless learning for improving work performance in persons with schizophrenia, American Journal of Psychiatry 159 (11) (2002), 1921-1926.
61. M.M. Kurtz, P.J. Moberg, R.C. Gur and R.E. Gur, Approaches to cognitive remediation of neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia: A review and meta-analysis, Neuropsychology Review 11 (2001), 197-210.
62. E.A. Latimer, T. Lecomte, D.R. Becker, R.E. Drake, I. Duclos, N. Lahaie, M. St-Pierre, C. Therrein and H. Xie, Gcneralizability of the individual placement and support model of supported employment: Results of a Canadian randomized controlled trial, British Journal of Psychiatry 189 (2006), 65-73.
63. H.S. Leff, J.A. Cook, P.B. Gold, M. Toprac, C. Blyler, R.W. Goldberg et al., Effects of job development and job support on competitive employment of persons with severe mental illness, Psychiatric Services 56 (2005), 1237-1244.
64. A.F. Lehman, R. Goldberg, L.B. Dixon, S. McNary, L. Postrado, A. Hackman and K. McDonnell, Improving employment outcomes for persons with severe mental illness, Archives of General Psychiatry 59 (2002), 165-172.
65. P.H. Lysaker and C.M. France, Psychotherapy as an element in supported employment for persons with severe and persistent illness, Psychiatry 62 (1999), 209-221.
66. C. Macias, C.F. Rodican, W.A. Hargreaves, D.R. Jones, P.J. Barreira and Q. Wang, Supported employment outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of ACT and clubhouse models, Psychiatric Services 57 (2006), 1406-1415.
67. D. McCarthy, D. Thompson and S. Olson, Planning a statewide project to convert day treatment to convert day treatment to supported employment, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 22 (1998), 30-33.
68. N.M. McCrohan, C.T. Mowbray, D. Bybee and S.N. Harris, Employment histories and expectations of persons with psychiatric disorders, Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 38 (1994), 59-72.
69. W.R. McFarlane, R.A. Dushay, S.M. Deakins, P. Stastny, E.P. Lukens, J. Toran and B. Link, Employment outcomes in family-aided assertive community treatment, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 70 (2000), 203-214.
70. J.H. McGrew and M.E. Griss, Concurrent and predictive validity of two scales to assess the fidelity of implementation of supported employment, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 29 (2005), 41-47.
71. J.H. McGrew, G.R. Bond, L. Dietzen and M. Salyers, Measuring the fidelity of implementation of a mental health program model, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 62 (1994), 670-678.
72. S.R. McGurk and H.Y. Meltzer, The role of cognition in vocational functioning in schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Research 45 (2000), 175-184.
73. S.R. McGurk and K.T. Mueser, Cognitive functioning, symptoms, and work in supported employment: A review and heuristic model, Schizophrenia Research 70 (2004), 147-173.
74. S.R. McGurk and K.T. Mueser, Strategies for coping with cognitive impairments of clients in supported employment, Psychiatric Services 57 (2006), 1421-1429.
75. S.R. McGurk, K.T. Mueser and A. Pascaris, Cognitive training and supported employment for persons with severe mental illness: One-year results from a randomized controlled trial, Schizophrenia Bulletin 31 (2005), 898-909.
76. G.J. McHugo, R.E. Drake, G.B. Teague and H. Xie, Fidelity to assertive community treatment and client outcomes in the New Hampshire dual disorders study, Psychiatric Services 50 (1999), 818-824.
77. C.E. McKay, M. Johnsen, S. Banks and R. Stein, Employment transitions for clubhouse members, Work 26 (2006), 67-74.
78. M. McQuilken, J.H. Zahniser, J. Novak, R.D. Starks, A. Olmos and G. Bond, The work project survey: Consumer perspectives on work. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 18 (2003), 59-68.
79. D. Megivern, S. Pellerito and C. Mowbray, Barriers to higher education for individuals with psychiatric disabilities, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 26 (2003), 217-231.
80. C.T. Mowbray and D. Bybee, Predictors of work status and future work orientation in with a psychiatric disability, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 19 (1995), 17-28.
81. C.T. Mowbray, D. Bybee and M.E. Collins, Integrating vocational services on case management teams: Outcomes from a research demonstration project, Mental Health Services Research 2 (2000), 51-66.
82. C.T. Mowbray, D. Megivern and M.C. Holter. Supported education programming for adults with psychiatric disabilities: Results from a national survey, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 27 (2003), 159-167.
83. K.T. Mueser, D.R. Becker, W.C. Torrey, H. Xie, G.R. Bond, R.E. Drake and B.J. Dain, Work and nonvocational domains of functioning in persons with severe mental illness: A longitudinal analysis, The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 185(7) (1997), 419-426.
84. K.T. Mueser, M.P. Salyer and P.R. Mueser, A prospective analysis of work in schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Bulletin 27 (2001), 281-296.
85. K.T. Mueser, P.W. Corrigan, D.W. Hilton, B. Tanzman, A. Schaub et al., Illness management and recovery: A review of the research, Psychiatric Services 53 (2002), 1272-1284.
86. K.T. Mueser, R.E. Clark, M. Haines, R.E. Drake, G.J. McHugo, G.R. Bond et al., The Hartford study of supported employment for people with severe mental illness, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 72 (2004), 479-490.
87. K.T. Mueser, S. Aalto, D.R. Becker, J.S. Ogden, R.S. Wolfe, D. Schiavo, C.J. Wallace and H. Xie, The effectiveness of skills training for improving outcomes in supported employment, Psychiatric Services 56 (2005), 1254-1260.
88. K.T. Mueser, S.M. Essock, M. Haines, R. Wolfe and H. Xie, Posttraumatic stress disorder, supported employment, and outcomes in people with severe mental illness, CNS Spectrums 9 (2004), 913-925.
89. A.A. Murphy, MG. Mullen and A.M. Spangnolo, Enhancing individual placement and support: Promoting job tenure by integrating natural supports and supported education, American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation 8 (2005), 37-61.
90. J. Oldman, L. Thomson, K. Calsaferri, L. Kim and G.R. Bond, A case report of the conversion of sheltered employment to evidence-based supported employment in Canada, Psychiatric Services 56 (2005), 1436-1440.
91. S. Pilling, P. Bebbington, E. Kuipers, P. Garety, J. Geddes, B. Martindale, G. Orbach and C. Morgan, Psychological treatments in schizophrenia: II. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trails of social skills training and cognitive remediation, Psychological Medicine 32 (2002), 783-791.
92. P. Polak and R. Warner, The economic life of seriously mentally ill people in the community, Psychiatric Services 47 (1996), 270-274.
93. H.L. Provencher, R. Gregg, S. Mead and K. Mueser, The role of work in the recovery of persons with psychiatric disabilities, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 26(2) (2002), 132-144.
94. C.A. Rapp and R.J. Goscha, The Strengths Model: Case Management with People with Psychiatric Disabilities (2nd edition), New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
95. L.A. Razzano, J.A. Cook, J.K. Burke-Miller, K.T. Mueser, S.A. Pickett-Schenk, D.D. Grey et al., Clinical factors associated with employment among people with severe mental illness, The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 193 (2005), 705-713.
96. E.S. Rogers, K. Sciarappa, K. MacDonald-Wilson and K. Danley, A benefit-cost analysis of a supported employment model for persons with psychiatric disabilities, Evaluation and Program Planning 18 (2) (1995), 105-115.
97. V. Rose and J. Perz, Is CBT useful in vocational rehabilitation for people with a psychiatric disability? Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 29 (2005), 56-58.
98. A.D. Schonebaum, J.K. Boyd and K.J. Dudek, A comparison of competitive employment outcomes for the clubhouse and PACT models, Psychiatric Services 57 (2006), 1416-1420.
99. A. Sengupta, R.E. Drake and G.J. McHugo, The relationship between substance use disorder and vocational functioning among people with severe mental illness, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 22 (1998), 41-45.
100. S. Silverstein and S.M. Wilkniss, At issue: The future of Cognitive rehabilitation of schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Bulletin 30 (2004), 679-692.
101. M.W. Smith, P.P. Schnurr and R.A. Rosenhock, Employment outcomes and PTSD severity, Mental Health Services Research 7 (2005), 89-101.
102. Social Security Administration (SSA, 2006). Mental Health Treatment Study. Retrieved on November 14, 2006 from http://www.socialsecurity.gov/ disabilityresearch/mental_health.htm.
103. A.S. Soydan and J. Rapp, Getting supported education started: A collaboration between public and private sectors, in: Supported Education & Psychiatric Rehabilitation: Models and Methods C.T. Mowbray, K.S. Brown, K. Furlong-Norman and A.S. Soydan. eds, Linthicum, MD: International Association of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services, 2002, pp. 215-222.
104. D.C. Stapleton, R.V. Burkhauser and A.J. Houtenville, Has the Employment Rate of People with Disabilities Declined? (2004), Rehabilitation Research and Training Center for Economic Research on Employment Policy for Persons with Disabilities: Cornell University; Ithaca, NY.
105. S. Strong Meaningful work in supportive environments: Experiences with the recovery process, The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 52(1) (1998), 31-38.
106. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services' Center for Mental Health Service (2007). Supported Employment-Toolkit. Retrieved on July 4, 2007 from http://Mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/cmhs/communitysupport/toolkits/ employment/.
107. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services' Center for Mental Health Service (2007). Illness Management and Recovery-Toolkit. Retrieved on July 4, 2007 from http://mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/cmhs/ communitysupport/toolkits/illness/.
108. T. Tremblay, J. Smith, H. Xie and R.E. Drake, Effect of benefits counseling services on employment outcomes for people with psychiatric disabilities, Psychiatric Services 57 (2006), 816-821.
109. H. Tsang, P. Lam, N. Bacon and L. Odelia, Predictors of employment outcome for people with psychiatric disabilities: A review of the literature since the mid 80's, Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation 66 (2000), 19-32.
110. W.H. Tsang, Social skills training to help mentally ill persons find and keep a job, Psychiatric Services 52 (2001), 891-894.
111. E.W. Twamly, D.V. Jeste and A.F. Lehman, Vocational rehabilitation in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 191 (2003), 515-523.
112. E.W. Twamly, D.V. Jeste and A.S. Bellack, A review of cognitive training in schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Bulletin 29 (2003), 359-382.
113. K.V. Unger, R. Pardee and M.S. Shafer, Outcomes of postsecondary supported education programs for people with psychiatric disabilities, Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 14 (2000), 195-199.
114. R. Vauth, P. Corrigan, M. Clauss, M. Dietl, M. Dreher-Rudolph, R. Stieglitz and R. Vater, Cognitive strategies versus self-management skills as adjunct to vocational rehabilitation, Schizophrenia Bulletin 31(1) (2005), 55-66.
115. D.I. Velligan, C.C. Bow-Thomas, C. Huntzinger, J. Ritch, N. Ledbetter, T.J. Prihoda and A.L. Miller, Randomized controlled trial of the use of compensatory strategies to enhance adaptive functioning in outpatients with schizophrenia, American Journal of Psychiatry 157 (2000), 1317-1323.
116. D.I. Velligan, T.J. Prihoda, J.L. Ritch, N. Maples, C.C. Bow-Thomas and A. Dassori, A randomized single-blind pilot study of compensatory strategies in schizophrenia outpatients, Schizophrenia Bulletin 28 (2002), 283-292.
117. C.J. Wallace and R. Tauber, Supplementing supported employment with workplace skills training, Psychiatric Services 55 (2004), 513-515.
118. N.J. Wewiorski and F.S. Fabian, Association between demographic and diagnostic factors and employment outcomes for people with psychiatric disabilities; A synthesis of recent research, Mental Health Services Research 6 (2004), 9-21.
119. B.E. Wexler and M.D. Bell, Cognitive remediation and vocational rehabilitation for schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Bulletin 31 (2005), 931-941.