Therapeutic drug monitoring of cancer chemotherapy

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 207-221

  Alnaim, Lamya ^a  

^a KING SAUD UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

Chemotherapy; Chemotherapy optimization; Therapeutic drug monitoring

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CARBOPLATIN; CISPLATIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTOCHROME P450 1A; CYTOCHROME P450 2B; CYTOCHROME P450 2C; CYTOCHROME P450 2C8; CYTOCHROME P450 3A; CYTOCHROME P450 3A4; CYTOCHROME P450 3A5; DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE DEHYDROGENASE; DOCETAXEL; DOXORUBICIN; ETOPOSIDE; FLUOROURACIL; FOLINIC ACID; GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE 1A1; IRINOTECAN; MERCAPTOPURINE; METHOTREXATE; NAVELBINE; PIRARUBICIN; SURAMIN; TENIPOSIDE; THIOPURINE METHYLTRANSFERASE; THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE; TOPOTECAN; UNINDEXED DRUG; VINCRISTINE;

ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; BAYES THEOREM; BLOOD TOXICITY; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; BREAST CANCER; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RESISTANCE; CANCER SURVIVAL; CHRONOTHERAPY; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLORECTAL CANCER; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; DIARRHEA; DOSAGE SCHEDULE COMPARISON; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG COST; DRUG DISPOSITION; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG EXPOSURE; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG MONITORING; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG SENSITIVITY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GERM CELL TUMOR; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; HODGKIN DISEASE; HUMAN; LEUKOPENIA; LUNG SMALL CELL CANCER; MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE; MUCOSA INFLAMMATION; MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; NEOPLASM; NEUTROPENIA; OSTEOSARCOMA; OVARY CANCER; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PHARMACOGENETICS; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUMOR VASCULARIZATION; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DRUG MONITORING; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; PHARMACISTS; PHARMACOGENETICS; PROFESSIONAL ROLE;

EID: 38449123166     PISSN: 10781552     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1078155207081133     Document Type: Review

References (129)

1. Rodman JH, Evans WE. Targeted systemic exposure for pediatric cancer therapy. In: D'Argenio D. ed. Advanced Methods of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Systems Analysis. 1991; New York, Plenum Press, 1991: 177-83.
2. Spector R, Park GD, Johnson GF, Vesell ES. Therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1988; 43: 345-53.
3. Reynolds DJM, Aronson JK. Making the most of plasma drug concentration measurements. Br Med J 1993; 306: 48-51.
4. Evans WE, Relling MV. Clinical pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of anticancer drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 1989; 16: 327-36.
5. Masson E, Zamboni WC. Pharmacokinetic optimization of cancer chemotherapy. Effect on outcomes. Clin Pharmacokinet 1997; 32: 324-43.
6. Galpin AJ, Evans WE. Therapeutic drug monitoring in cancer management. Clin Chem 1993; 39: 2419-30.
7. DeVita VT. Principles of cancer management: chemotherapy. In: DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA. eds. Cancer. Principles and Practice of Oncology 1997; fifth edn, Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1997: 333-47.
8. Moore MJ, Erlichman C. Therapeutic drug monitoring in oncology. Problems and potential in antineoplastic therapy. Clin Pharmacokinet 1987; 13: 205-27.
9. Jodrell DI, Egorin MJ, Canetta RM et al. Relationships between carboplatin exposure and tumor response and toxicity in patients with ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10: 520-28.
10. Milano G, Roman P, Khater P, Frenay M, Renee N, Namer M. Dose versus pharmacokinetics for predicting tolerance to 5 day continuous infusion of 5-FU. Int J Cancer 1988; 41: 537-41.
11. Milano G, Etienne MC, Renee N et al. Relationship between fluorouracil systemic exposure and tumor response and patient survival. J Clin Oncol 1994; 15: 1291-95.
12. Santini J, Milano G, Thyss A et al. 5-FU therapeutic monitoring with dose adjustment leads to an improved therapeutic index in head and neck cancer. Br J Cancer 1989; 59: 287-90.
13. Joel S, O'Byrne Penson K, Papamichael R et al. A randomized concentration-controlled comparison of standard (5-day) vs. 260 A. Rousseau and P. Marquet prolonged (15-day) infusions of etoposide phosphate in small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 1998; 11: 1205-11.
14. Chatelut E, Pivot X, Otto J et al. A limited sampling strategy for determining carboplatin AUC and monitoring drug dosage. Eur J Cancer 2000; 36: 264-69.
15. Pignon T, Lacarelle B, Duffaud F et al. Pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate in adult osteogenic sarcoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1994; 33: 420-24.
16. Gamelin E, Boisdron-Celle M. Dose monitoring of 5-fluorouracil in patients with colorectal or head and neck cancer - status of the art. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1999; 30: 71-79.
17. Joel SP, Ellis P, O'Byrne K et al. Therapeutic monitoring of continuous infusion etoposide in small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 1903-12.
18. Lennard L. Therapeutic drug monitoring of cytotoxic drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 52: 75-87.
19. Rousseau A, Marquet P, Debord J, Sabot C, Lachâtre G. Adaptive control methods for dose individualization of anticancer agents. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000; 38: 315-53.
20. Hryniuk W, Bush H. The importance of dose intensity in chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1984; 2: 1281-88.
21. Ratain MJ. Therapeutic relevance of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Semin Oncol 1992; 19: 8-13.
22. Ratain MJ. Pharmacology of cancer chemotherapy. In: DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA. eds. Cancer. Principles and Practice of Oncology 1997; fifth edn, Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1997: 375-85.
23. Hryniuk WM, Figueredo A, Goodyear M. Applications of dose intensity to problems in chemotherapy of breast and colorectal cancer. Semin Oncol 1987; 14: 3-11.
24. Frei E, Canellos GP. Dose. A critical factor in cancer chemotherapy. Am J Med 1980; 69: 585-94.
25. Evans WE. Clinical pharmacodynamics of anticancer drugs: a basis for extending the concept of dose-intensity. Blut 1988; 56: 241-48.
26. Delepine N, Delepine G, Jasmin C, Desbois JC, Cornille H, Mathe G. Importance of age and methotrexate dosage: prognosis in children and young adults with high-grade osteosarcomas. Biomed Pharmacother 1988; 42: 257-62.
27. Bacci G, Ferrari S, Delepine N et al. Predictive factors of histologic response to primary chemotherapy in osteosarcoma of the extremity: study of 272 patients preoperatively treated with high-dose methotrexate, doxorubicin, and cisplatin. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 658-63.
28. Collins JM, Zaharko DS, Dedrick RL, Chabner BA. Potential roles for preclinical pharmacology in phase I clinical trials. Cancer Treat Rep 1986; 70: 73-80.
29. EORTC. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism group. Pharmacokinetically guided dose escalation in phase I clinical trials. Commentary and proposed guidelines. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1987; 23: 1083-87.
30. Evans WE, Rodman JH, Relling MV, Crom WR, Rivera GK, Pratt CB, Crist WM. Concept of maximum tolerated systemic exposure and its application to phase I-II studies of anticancer drugs. Med Pediatr Oncol 1991; 19: 153-59.
31. Evans WE. Alternative approaches for phase I studies of anticancer drugs: a role for therapeutic drug monitoring. Ther Drug Monit 1993; 15: 492-97.
32. Workman P, Graham MA. Pharmacokinetics and cancer chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer 1994; 30A: 706-10.
33. Evans WE, Petros WP, Relling MV, Crom WR, Madden T, Rodman JH, Sunderland M. Clinical pharmacology of cancer chemotherapy in children. Pediatr Clin North Am 1989; 36: 1199-230.
34. Knoester PD, Underberg WJM, Beijnen JH. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents in pediatric patients [Review]. Anticancer Res 1993; 13: 1795-808.
35. Plunkett W, Gandhi V. Cellular pharmacodynamics of anticancer drugs. Semin Oncol 1993; 20: 50-63.
36. Rodman JH, Relling MV, Stewart CF, Synold TW, McLeod H, Kearns C et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer drugs in children. Semin Oncol 1993; 20: 18-29.
37. Ratain MJ, Schilsky RL, Conley BA, Egorin MJ. Pharmacodynamics in cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 1990; 8: 1739-53.
38. Graf N, Winkler K, Betlemovic M, Fuchs N, Bode U. Methotrexate pharmacokinetics and prognosis in osteosarcoma. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 1443-51.
39. Graves DA, Locke CS Jr, Muir KT, Miller RP. The influence of assay variability on pharmacokinetic parameter estimation. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1989; 17: 571-92.
40. Egorin MJ, Van Echo DA, Olman EA, Whitacre MY, Forrest A, Aisner J. Prospective validation of a pharmacologically based dosing scheme for the cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) analogue diamminecyclobutanedicarboxylatoplatinum. Cancer Res 1985; 45: 6502-06.
41. Calvert AH, Newell DR, Gumbrell LA et al. Carboplatin dosage: prospective evaluation of a simple formula based on renal function. J Clin Oncol 1989; 7: 1748-56.
42. Newell DR, Pearson ADJ, Balmanno K et al. Carboplatin pharmacokinetics in children: the development of a paediatric dosing formula. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11: 2314-23.
43. Chatelut E, Canal P, Brunner V et al. Prediction of carboplatin clearance from standard morphological and biological patient characteristics. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87: 573-80.
44. Benezet S, Guimbaud R, Chatelut E, Chevreau C, Bugat R, Canal P. How to predict carboplatin clearance from standard morphological and biological characteristics in obese patients. Ann Oncol 1997; 6: 607-09.
45. Graf N, Winkler K, Betlemovic M, Fuchs N, Bode U. Methotrexate pharmacokinetics and prognosis in osteosarcoma. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 1443-51.
46. Pignon T, Lacarelle B, Duffaud F et al. Pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate in adult osteogenic sarcoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1994; 33: 420-24.
47. Odoul F, Le Guellec C, Lamagnere JP et al. Prediction of methotrexate elimination after high dose infusion in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia using a population pharmacokinetic approach. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1999; 13: 595-604.
48. Fety R, Rolland F, Barberi-Heyob M et al. Clinical impact of pharmacokinetically-guided dose adaptation of 5-fluorourzacil: results from a multicentric randomized trial in patients with locally advanced head and neck carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 1998; 4: 2039-45.
49. Gallo JM, Laub PB, Rowinski EK, Grochow LB, Baker SD. Population pharmacokinetic model for topotecan derived from phase I clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 2459-67.
50. Monarzeri A, Boucaud M, Lokiec F et al. Population pharmacokinetics of topotecan: intra-individual variability in total drug. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2000; 46: 375-81.
51. Huitema AD, Mathot RA, Tibben MM, Schellens JH, Rodenhuis S, Beijnen JH. Validation of techniques for the prediction of carboplatin exposure: application of Bayesian methods. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000; 67: 621-30.
52. Minami H, Beijnen JH, Verweij J, Ratain MJ. Limited sampling model for area under the concentration time curve of total topotecan. Clin Cancer Res 1996; 2: 43-46.
53. Stromgren AS, Sorensen BT, Jakobsen P, Jakobsen A. A limited sampling method for estimation of the etoposide area under the curve. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1993; 32: 226-30.
54. Ratain MJ, Robert J, Van Der Vijgh WJ. Limited sampling models for doxorubicin pharmacokinetics. J Clin Oncol 1991; 9: 871-76.
55. Sorensen BT, Stromgren A, Jakobsen P, Jakobsen A. A limited sampling method for estimation of the carboplatin area under the curve. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1993; 31: 324-27.
56. Miyazaki M, Fujiwara Y, Takahashi T et al. Limited-sampling models for estimation of the carboplatin area under the curve. Anticancer Res 1997; 17: 4571-75.
57. Egorin MJ, Forrest A, Belani CP, Ratain MJ, Abrams JS, Van Echo DA. A limited sampling strategy for cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetics. Cancer Res 1989; 491: 3129-33.
58. Mick R, Gupta E, Vokes VV, Ratain MJ. Limited-sampling models for irinotecan pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics: prediction of biliary index and intestinal toxicity. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 2012-19.
59. Beal SL, Sheiner LB (Eds.) NONMEM. Users Guides. University of California, San Francisco, CA, 1994.
60. Karlsson MO, Jonsson EN, Wiltse CG, Wade JR. Assumption testing in population pharmacokinetic models: illustrated with an analysis of moxonidine data from congestive heart failure patients. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1998; 26: 207-45.
61. Mallet A. A maximum likelihood estimation method for random coefficient regression. Biometrika 1986; 73: 645-56.
62. Schumitsky A. Nonparametric EM algorithms for estimating prior distributions. App Math Comput 1991; 45: 141-57.
63. Jelliffe RW, Schumitzky A, Van Guilder M, Jiang F. Manual for the USC*Pack Collection of PC Programs. Laboratory of Applied Pharmacokinetics, School of Medicine 1995; Los Angeles, CA, University of Southern California, 1995.
64. Jelliffe RW, Schumitzky A, Bayard D et al. Model-based, goal oriented individualized drug therapy. Clin Pharmacokinet 1998; 34: 57-77.
65. Iliadis A, Bachir-Raho M, Bruno R, Favre R. Bayesian estimation and prediction of clearance in high-dose methotrexate infusions. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1985; 13: 101-15.
66. Sabot C, Debord J, Roullet B et al. Bayesian estimation and population pharmacokinetic parameters of high dose methotrexate in osteosarcoma. Clin Res Reg Affairs 1993; 10: 233-41.
67. Sabot C, Debord J, Roullet B, Marquet P, Merle L, Lachatre G. Comparison of 2- and 3-compartment models for Bayesian estimation of methotrexate pharmacokinetics. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 33: 164-69.
68. Pignon T, Lacarelle B, Duffaud F et al. Dosage adjustment of high dose methotrexate using Bayesian estimation: a comparative study of two different concentrations at the end of 8-h infusions. Ther Drug Monit 1995; 17: 164-69.
69. Peng B, Boddy AV, Cole M et al. Comparison of methods for the estimation of carboplatin pharmacokinetics in paediatric cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 1995; 31: 1804-10.
70. Johansen MJ, Madden T, Mehra RC et al. Phase I pharmacokinetic study of multicycle high-dose carboplatin followed by peripheral-blood stem-cell infusion in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15: 1481-91.
71. Doz F, Urien S, Chatelut E et al. A limited-sampling method for evaluation of the area under the curve of ultrafilterable carboplatin in children. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1998; 42: 250-54.
72. Guillet P, Monjanel S, Nicoara A et al. A Bayesian dosing method for carboplatin given by continuous infusion for 120 h. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1997; 40: 143-49.
73. Favre R, Charbit M, Rinaldi Y, Iliadis A, Cano JP, Carcassonne Y. La pharmacocine'tique dans les e'tudes de phase IV pour la pre'vision du sche'ma the'rapeutique. Bull Cancer 1988; 75: 541-50.
74. Evene E, Chatelut E, Tranchand B et al. Estimation bayesienne des parametres pharmacocine'tiques de l'e'toposide. Bull Cancer 1997; 84: 699-703.
75. Tranchand B, Amsellem C, Chatelut E et al. A limited-sampling strategy for estimation of etoposide pharmacokinetics in cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1999; 43: 316-22.
76. Rodman JH, Furman WL, Sunderland M, Rivera G, Evans WE. Escalating teniposide systemic exposure to increase dose intensity for paediatric cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11: 287-93.
77. Launay MC, Milano G, Iliadis A, Frenay M, Namer N. A limited sampling procedure for estimating Adriamycin pharmacokinetics in cancer patients. Br J Cancer 1989; 60: 89-92.
78. Bressolle F, Ray P, Jacquet JM et al. Bayesian estimation of doxorubicin pharmacokinetic parameters. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1991; 29: 53-60.
79. Marchiset-Leca D, Leca FR, Galeani A, Noble A, Iliadis A. A limited sampling strategy for the study of pirarubicin pharmacokinetics in human. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1995; 36: 233-38.
80. Yamamoto N, Tamura T, Karato A et al. CPT-11: population pharmacokinetic model and estimation of pharmacokinetics using the Bayesian method in patients with lung cancer. Jpn J Cancer Res 1994; 85: 972-77.
81. Nakashima H, Lieberman R, Karato A et al. Efficient sampling strategies for forecasting pharmacokinetic parameters of irinotecan (CPT-11): implication for area under the concentration time curve monitoring. Ther Drug Monit 1995; 17: 221-29.
82. Furman WL, Baker SD, Pratt CB, Rivera GK, Evans WE, Stewart CF. Escalating systemic exposure of continuous infusion topotecan in children with recurrent acute leukemia. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 1504-11.
83. Crom WR, de Graaf SS, Synold T et al. Pharmacokinetics of vincristine in children and adolescents with acute lymphocytic leukemia. J Pediatr 1994; 125: 642-49.
84. Sabot C, Marquet P, Debord J, Carpentier N, Merle L, Lachâtre G. Bayesian pharmacokinetic estimation of vinoreline in non-small lung cancer patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1998; 54: 171-75.
85. Gauvin A, Pinguet F, Culine S, Astre C, Gomeni R, Bressolle F. Bayesin estimate of vinorelbine pharmacokinetic parameters in elderly patients with advanced metastatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6: 2690-95.
86. Jodrell DI, Reyno LM, Sridhara R et al. Suramin: development of a population pharmacokinetic model and its use with intermittent short infusions to control plasma drug concentration in patients with prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 166-75.
87. Eisenberger MA, Sinibaldi VJ, Reyno LM et al. Phase I and clinical evaluation of a pharmacologically guided regimen of suramin in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 2174-86.
88. Nguyen L, Tranchand B, Puozzo C, Variol P. Population pharmacokinetics model and limited sampling strategy for intravenous vinorelbine derived from phase I clinical trials. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 53: 459-68.
89. Variol P, Nguyen L, Tranchand B, Puozzo C. A simultaneous oral/ intravenous population pharmacokinetic model for vinorelbine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 58: 467-76.
90. Urien S, Lokiec F. Population pharmacokinetics of total and unbound plasma cisplatin in adult patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 57: 756-63.
91. de Jongh FE, Gallo JM, Shen M, Verweij J, Sparreboom A. Population pharmacokinetics of cisplatin in adult cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2004; 54: 105-12.
92. Slaviero KA, Clarke SJ, McLachlan AJ, Blair EYL, Rivory LP. Population pharmacokinetics of weekly docetaxel in patients with advanced cancer. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 57: 44-53.
93. Launay-Iliadis MC, Bruno R, Cosson V, Vergniol JC et al. Population pharmacokinetics of docetaxel during phase I studies using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling and nonparametric maximum-likelihood estimation. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1995; 37: 47-54.
94. Falcone A, Pfanner E, Cianci C et al. Suramin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer pretreated with fluoropyrimidine based chemotherapy. Cancer 1995; 75: 440-43.
95. Odoul F, Le Guellec C, Lamagnère JP et al. Prediction of methotrexate elimination after high dose infusion in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia using a population pharmacokinetic approach. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1999; 13: 595-604.
96. Ensom MH, Davis GA, Cropp CD et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics in the 21st century. Clin Pharmacokinet 1998; 34: 265-79.
97. Evans WE, Relling MV, Rodman JH et al. Conventional compared with individualized chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 499-505.
98. Fety R, Rolland F, Barberi-Heyob M et al. Clinical impact of pharmacokinetically-guided dose adaptation of 5-fluorouracil: results from a multicentric randomized trial in patients with locally advanced head and neck carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 1998; 4: 2039-45.
99. Evans WE, McLeod HL. Pharmacogenomics - drug disposition, drag targets, and side effects. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 538-49.
100. Nagasubramanian R, Innocenti F, Ratain MJ. Pharmacogenetics in cancer treatment. Annu Rev Med 2003; 54: 437-52.
101. Marsh S, McLeod HL. Cancer pharmacogenetics. Br J Cancer 2004; 90: 8-11.
102. Houyau P, Gay C, Chatelut E et al. Severe fluorouracil toxicity in a patient with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency [letter]. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 85: 1602-03.
103. Meinsma R, Fernandez-Salguero P, van Kulenberg AB et al. Human polymorphism in drug metabolism: mutation in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene results in exon skipping and thymine uracilurea. DNA Cell Biol 1995; 14: 1-6.
104. Takai S, Fernandez-Salguero P, Kimura S et al. Assignment of the human dihydropymidine dehydrogenase gene to chromosome region 1p22 by fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Genomics 1994; 24: 613-14.
105. Albin N, Jonhson MR, Shahinian H et al. Initial characterization of the molecular defect in human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 1995; 36: 211.
106. Topic Elizabeta Pharmacogenetic and Tumour Drugs - 2005 http://www.ifcc.org/ejifcc/vol16no2/160206200512.htm
107. Lennard L. The clinical pharmacology of 6-mercaptopurine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992; 43: 329-39.
108. Lennard L, Lilleyman JS, Van Loon J et al. Genetic variation in response to 6-mercaptopurine for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet 1990; 336: 225-29.
109. Klemetsdal B, Tollefsen E, Loennechen T et al. Interethnic difference in thiopurine methyltransferase activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992; 51: 24-31.
110. Krynetski EY, Tai HL, Yates CR, Fessing MY, Loennechen T, Schuetz JD et al. Genetic polymorphism of thiopurine S-methyltransferase: clinical importance and molecular mechanisms. Pharmacogenetics 1996; 6: 279-90.
111. Chabot GG. Clinical pharmacokinetics of irinotecan. Clin Pharmacokinet 1997; 33: 245-59.
112. Iyer L, King CD, Whitington PR et al. Genetic predisposition to the metabolism of irinotecan (CPT-11): Role of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase isoform 1A1 in the glucuronidation of its active metabolite (SN-38) in human liver microsomes. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 847-54.
113. Ando Y, Saka H, Asai G et al. UGT1A1 genotypes and glucuronidation of SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. Ann Oncol 1998; 9: 845-47.
114. Wasserman E, Myara A, Lokiec F et al. Severe CPT-11 toxicity in patients with Gilbert's syndrome: two case reports. J Clin Invest 1997; 8: 1049-51.
115. Canal P, Chatelut E, Guichard S. Practical treatment guide for dose individualisation in cancer chemotherapy. Drugs 1998; 56: 1019-38.
116. Chabner BA, Allegra CJ, Curt GA et al. Polyglutamation of methotrexate: is methotrexate a prodrug? J Clin Invest 1985; 76: 907-12.
117. Marquet P, Lachatre G. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: potential in forensic and clinical toxicology. J Chromatogr B 1999; 733: 93-118.
118. Hon YY, Evans WE. Making TDM work to optimize cancer chemotherapy: a multidisciplinary team approach. Clin Chem 1998; 44: 388-400.
119. Maxwell R. New techniques in the pharmacokinetic analysis of cancer drugs: III. Nuclear magnetic resonance. Cancer Surv 1993; 17: 415-23.
120. Ranson MR, Scarffe JH. Population and Bayesian pharmacokinetics in oncology. Clin Oncol 1994; 6: 254-60.
121. Masson A, Zamboni WC. Pharmacokinetic optimization of cancer chemotherapy: effects on outcomes. Clin Pharmacokinet 1997; 32: 324-43.
122. Bellissant E, Sébille V, Paintaud G. Methodological issues in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling. Clin Pharmacokinet 1998; 35: 151-66.
123. Vozeh S, Steimer JL, Rowland M et al. The use of population pharmacokinetics in drug development. Clin Pharmacokinet 1996; 30: 81-93.
124. Levy G. Predicting effective drug concentrations for individual patients: determinants of pharmacodynamic variability. Clin Pharmacokinet 1998; 34: 323-33.
125. Bruguerolle B. Chronopharmacokinetics: current status. Clin Pharmacokinet 1998; 35: 83-94.
126. Bressolle F, Joulia JM, Pinguet F, Ychou M et al. Circadian rhythm of 5-fluorouracil population pharmacokinetics in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1999; 44: 295-302.
127. Yates CR, Pui CH, Evans WE. Pharmacodynamic monitoring of cancer chemotherapy: childhood acute lymphoblastic as a model. Ther Drug Monit 1998; 20: 453-8.
128. Karlsson MO, Molnar V, Bergh J et al. A general model for time-dissociated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships exemplified by paclitaxel myelosuppression. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998; 63: 11-25.
129. Minami H, Sasaki Y, Saijo N et al. Indirect-response model for the time course of leukopenia with anticancer drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998; 64: 511-21.