The potential of lipid emulsion for ocular delivery of lipophilic drugs

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

Volumn 58, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 357-368

  Tamilvanan, Shunmugaperumal ^a   Benita, Simon ^b,c  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH NIPER   (India)

^b HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

^c HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

Anionic; Cationic; Emulsion; Ocular bioavailability; Review; Safety

Indexed keywords

AMINE; AMPHOTERICIN B; AMPHOTERICIN B DEOXYCHOLATE; CARBAMAZEPINE; CASTOR OIL; CHITOSAN; CHOLESTEROL; CORN OIL; CREMOPHOR; DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER; DRUG VEHICLE; EXCIPIENT; GLYCEROL STEARATE; INDOMETACIN; INTRALIPID; ITRACONAZOLE; LANOLIN; LIPID EMULSION; LIQUID PARAFFIN; MONOACYLGLYCEROL; NANOPARTICLE; OCTADECYLAMINE; OLEYLAMINE; PETROLATUM; PHOSPHOLIPID; POLOXAMER; POLYSORBATE 80; SESAME SEED OIL; SOYBEAN OIL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; TYLOXAPOL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG RELEASE; DRUG SOLUBILITY; HUMAN; LIPOPHILICITY; MICROEMULSION; NONHUMAN; PARTICLE SIZE; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; REVIEW; SAFETY;

ANIMALS; EMULSIONS; EXCIPIENTS; HUMANS; LIPIDS; OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONS; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; TECHNOLOGY, PHARMACEUTICAL; WATER;

EID: 3843096094     PISSN: 09396411     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.03.033     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Ding S. Recent development in ophthalmic drug delivery. Pharm. Sci. Tech. Today. 1:1998;328-335
2. Vandamme T.F. Microemulsions as ocular drug delivery systems: recent developments and future challenges. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 21:2002;15-34
3. Tamilvanan S., Gursoy R.N., Benita S. Emulsion-based delivery systems for enhanced drug absorption. Pharm. Tech. 131:2002;156-161
4. Marti-Mestres G., Nielloud F. Emulsions in health care applications. J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. 23:2002;419-439
5. Sasaki H., Yamamura K., Nishida K., Nakamura J., Ichikawa M. Delivery of drugs to the eye by topical application. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 15:1996;583-620
6. Rieger G. Lipid containing eye drops: a step closer to natural tears. Ophthalmologica. 201:1990;206-212
7. Baeyens V., Percicot C., Zignani M., Deshpande A.A., Kaltsatos V., Gurny R. Ocular drug delivery in veterinary medicine. Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 28:1997;335-361
8. Le Bourlais C., Acar L., Zia H., Sado P.A., Needham T., Leverge R. Ophthalmic drug delivery systems-recent advances. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 17:1998;33-58
9. Kaur I.P., Kanwar M. Ocular preparations: the formulation approach. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 28:2002;473-493
10. Saettone M.F. Progress and problems in ophthalmic drug delivery. Pharm. Technol. 131:2002;167-171
11. Behar-Cohen F. Drug delivery systems to target the anterior segment of the eye: fundamental bases and clinical applications. J. Fr. Ophthalmol. 25:2002;537-544
12. Lallemand F., Felt-Baeyens O., Basseghir K., Behar-Cohen F., Gurny R. Cyclosporine A delivery to the eye: a pharmaceutical challenge. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 56:2003;307-318
13. Lang J.C. Ocular drug delivery: conventional ocular formulations. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 16:1995;39-43
14. Saettone M.F., Giannaccini B., Monti D. Ophthalmic emulsions and suspensions. Nielloud F., Marti-Mestres G. Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions. 2000;303-322 Marcel Dekker, New York, USA
15. Cohen T., Sauvageon-Martre H., Brossard D., D'Hermies F., Bardin C., Chast F., Chaumeil J.C. Amphotericin B eye drops as a lipidic emulsion. Int. J. Pharm. 137:1996;249-254
16. Lance M.R., Washington C., Davis S.S. Structure and toxicity of amphotericin B/triglyceride emulsion formulations. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 36:1995;119-128
17. S.S. Davis, C. Washington, Drug emulsion, European Patent 0,296,845 A1, 1988.
18. S. Buttle, R.H. Schmidt, R.H. Müller, Production of amphotericin B emulsions based on SolEmuls technology, Fourth World Meeting on Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Florence, April 8-11, 2002, pp. 1535-1536.
19. R.H. Müller, S. Schmidt, SolEmuls technology for i.v. emulsions of poorly soluble drugs: amphotericin B, Fourth World Meeting on Pharamceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Florence, April 8-11, 2002, pp. 1451-1452.
20. ® technology. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 55:2003;305-312
21. Akkar A., Müller R.H. Intravenous itraconazole emulsions produced by SolEmuls technology. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 56:2003;29-36
22. Lee V.H.L., Robinson J.R. Review: topical ocular drug delivery: recent developments and future challenges. J. Ocul. Pharmacol. 2:1986;67-108
23. Jumaa M., Müller B.W. The effect of oil components and homogenization condition on the physicochemical properties and stability of parenteral fat emulsions. Int. J. Pharm. 163:1998;81-89
24. Jumaa M., Müller B.W. Physicochemical properties of chitosan-lipid emulsions and their stability during the autoclaving process. Int. J. Pharm. 183:1999;175-184
25. Muchtar S., Benita S. Emulsions as drug carriers for ophthalmic use. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects. 91:1994;181-190
26. Ogawa S., Decker E.A., McClements D.J. Production and characterization of o/w emulsions containing cationic droplets stabilized by lecithin-chitosan membranes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:2002;2606-2812
27. Calvo P., Remuńá-López C., Vila-Jato J.L., Alonso M.J. Development of positively charged colloidal drug carriers: chitosan-coated polyester nanocapsules and submicro-emulsions. Colloid Polym. Sci. 275:1997;46-53
28. Sznitowska M., Janicki S., Dabrowska E.A., Gajewska M. Physicochemical screening of antimicrobial agents as potential preservatives for submicron emulsions. Euro. J. Pharm. Sci. 15:2002;489-495
29. Stjernschantz J., Astin M. Anatomy and physiology of the eye, physiological aspects of ocular drug therapy. Edman P. Biopharmaceutics of Ocular Drug Delivery. 1993;1-25 CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
30. Lee V.H.L. Precorneal, corneal and postcorneal factors. Mitra A.K. Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems. 1993;59-81 Marcel Dekker, New York
31. Järvinen K., Järvinen T., Urtti A. Ocular absorption following topical delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 16:1995;3-19
32. Prausnitz M.R., Noonan J.S. Permeability of cornea, sclera and conjunctiva: a literature analysis for drug delivery to eye. J. Pharm. Sci. 87:1998;1479-1488
33. N. Washington, C. Washington, C. Wilson, Ocular drug delivery, in: Physiological Pharmaceutics, Barriers to Drug Absorption, second ed., Taylor & Francis, New York, 2001, pp. 250-270.
34. Chien D.S., Homsy J.J., Gluchowski C., Tang-Liu D.D. Corneal and conjunctival/scleral penetration of p-aminoclonidine, AGN 190342, and clonidine in rabbit eyes. Curr. Eye Res. 9:1990;1051-1059
35. Ahmed I., Patton T.F. Importance of the noncorneal absorption route in topical ophthalmic drug delivery. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 26:1985;584-587
36. Kaur I.P., Smitha R. Penetration enhancers and ocular bioadhesives: two new avenues for ophthalmic drug delivery. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 28:2002;353-369
37. Dey S., Anand B.S., Patel J., Mitrea A.K. Transporters/receptors in the anterior chamber: pathways to explore ocular drug delivery strategies. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 3:2003;23-44
38. Beilin M., Bar-Ilan A., Amselem S. Ocular retention time of submicron emulsion (SME) and the miotic response to pilocarpine delivered in SME. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 36:1995;S166
39. Klang S., Abdulrazik M., Benita S. Influence of emulsion droplet surface charges on indomethacin ocular tissue distribution. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 5:2000;521-532
40. Aiache J.M., el Meski S., Beyssac E., Serpin G. The formulation of drug for ocular administration. J. Biomater. Appl. 11:1997;329-334
41. Jumaa M., Müller B.W. In vitro investigation of the effect of various isotonic substances in parenteral emulsions on human erythrocytes. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 9:1999;207-212
42. Maurice D.M., Mishima S. Ocular pharmacokinetics. Sears M.L. Pharmacology of the Eye. 1984;19-116 Springer, Berlin
43. Draize J.H., Woodard G., Calvery H.O. Methods for the study of irritation and toxicity of substances applied topically to the skin and mucous membranes. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 82:1944;377-390
44. Hutak C.M., Jacaruso R.B. Evaluation of primary ocular irritation: alternatives to the Draize test. Reddy I.K. Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, A Multi-Disciplinary Approach. 1996;489-525 Technomic, Pennsylvania, USA
45. Spielmann H. Ocular irritation. Castell J.V., Gomez-Lechon M.J. In Vitro Methods in Pharmaceutical Research. 1997;265-287 Academic Press, San Diego, CA
46. Griffith J.F., Nixon G.A., Bruce R.D., Reer P.J., Bannan E.A. Dose-response studies with chemical irritants in the albino rabbit eye as a basis for selecting optimum testing conditions for predicting hazard to the human eye. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 55:1980;501-513
47. Freeberg F.E., Nixon G.A., Reer P.J., Weaver J.E., Bruce R.D., Griffith J.F., Sanders L.W. III. Human and rabbit eye responses to chemical insult. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 7:1986;626-634
48. Bruner L.H., Kohrman K.A. The low volume eye test as a refinement to the Draize eye irritation test. Niemi S.M., Willson J.E. Refinement and Reduction in Animal Testing. 1993;81-93 Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, Bethesda, MD
49. Balls M., Botham P.A., Bruner L.H., Spielmann H. The EU/Home Office validation study on alternatives to the Draize eye irritation test for the classification and labelling of chemicals. Toxicol. In vitro. 9:1995;871-929
50. Klang S., Frucht-Pery J., Hoffman A., Benita S. Physicochemical characterization and acute toxicity evaluation of a positively-charged submicron emulsion vehicle. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46:1994;986-993
51. Calvo P., Vila-Jato J.L., Alonso M.J. Comparative in vitro evaluation of several colloidal systems, nano-particles, nanocapsules, and nanoemulsions as ocular drug carriers. J. Pharm. Sci. 85:1996;530-536
52. Gothenthal E.L. Current views on safety evaluation of drugs. FDA Pap. 2:1968;13-18
53. Angelov O., Wiese A., Yuan Y., Andersen J., Acheampong A., Bar B. Preclinical safety studies of cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion. Sullivan D.A. Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes. vol. 2:1998;991-995 Plenum Press, New York, USA
54. Saarinen-Savolainen P., Järvinen T., Araki-Sasaki K., Watanabe H., Urtti A. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of various ophthalmic drugs, eye drop excipients and cyclodextrins in an immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line. Pharm. Res. 15:1998;1275-1280
55. Osborne R., Perkins M.A., Roberts D.A. Development and intralaboratory evaluation of an in vitro human cell-based test to aid ocular irritancy assessments. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 28:1995;139-153
56. Muchtar S., Abdulrazik M., Frucht-Pery J., Benita S. Ex vivo permeation study of indomethacin from a submicron emulsion through albino rabbit cornea. J. Control. Rel. 44:1997;55-64
57. Sznitowska M., Zurowska-Pryczkowska K., Janicki S., Järvinen T. Miotic effect and irritation potential of pilocarpine prodrug incorporated into a submicron emulsion vehicle. Int. J. Pharm. 184:1999;115-120
58. Klang S.H., Siganos C.S., Benita S. Evaluation of a positively-charged submicron emulsion of piroxicam in the rabbit corneum healing process following alkali burn. J. Control. Rel. 57:1999;19-27
59. Selek H., Ünlu N., Orhan M. Evaluation of retinoic acid ophthalmic emulsion in dry eye. Eur. J. Ophthalmol. 10:2000;121-127
60. Stevenson D., Tauber J., Reis B.L. Efficacy and safety of cyclosporin A ophthalmic emulsion in the treatment of moderate-to-severe dry eye disease: a dose-ranging, randomized trial, The Cyclosporin A Phase 2 Study Group. Ophthalmol. 107:2000;967-974
61. Muchtar S., Almog S., Torracca M.T., Saettone M.F., Benita S. A submicron emulsion as ocular vehicle for delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol: effect on intraocular pressure in rabbits. Ophthal. Res. 24:1992;142-149
62. Naveh N., Weissman C., Muchtar S., Benita S., Mechoulam R. A submicron emulsion of HU-211, a synthetic cannabinoid, reduces intraocular pressure in rabbits. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 238:2000;334-338
63. Naveh N., Muchtar S., Benita S. Pilocarpine incorporated into a submicron emulsion vehicle causes an unexpectedly prolonged ocular hypotensive effect in rabbits. J. Ocul. Pharmacol. 10:1994;509-520
64. Zurowska-Pryczkowska K., Sznitowska M., Janicki S. Studies on the effect of pilocarpine incorporation into a submicron emulsion on the stability of the drug and the vehicle. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 47:1999;255-260
65. Sznitowska M., Janicki S., Zurowska-Pryczkowska K., Mackiewicz J. In vivo evaluation of submicron emulsions with pilocarpine: the effect of pH and chemical form of the drug. J. Microencapsul. 18:2001;173-181
66. Sznitowska M., Zurowska-Pryczkowska K., Dabrowska E.A., Janicki S. Increased partitioning of pilocarpine to the oily phase of submicron emulsion does not result in improved ocular bioavailability. Int. J. Pharm. 202:2000;161-164
67. Calvo P., Alonso M.J., Vila-Jato J.L., Robinson J.R. Improved ocular bioavailability of indomethacin by novel ocular drug carriers. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 48:1996;1147-1152
68. Anselem S., Beilin M., Garty N. Submicron emulsion as ocular delivery system for adaprolol maleate, a soft β-blocker. Pharm. Res. 10:1993;S205
69. Melamed S., Kurtz S., Greenbaum A., Haves J.F., Neumann R., Garty N. Adaprolol maleate in submicron emulsion, a novel soft β-blocking agent, is safe and effective in human studies. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 35:1994;1387-1390
70. H. Aviv, D. Friedman, A. Bar-Ilan, M. Vered, Submicron emulsions as ocular drug delivery vehicles, PCT WO 94/05298, 1995.
71. Garty N., Lusky M., Zalish M., Rachmiel R., Greenbaum A., Desatnik H., Neumann R., Howes J.F., Melamed S. Pilocarpine in submicron emulsion formulation for treatment of ocular hypertension: a phase II clinical trial. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 35:1994;2175
72. S. Ding, W. Tien, O. Olejnik, Nonirritating emulsions for sensitive tissue, US Patent 5,474,979 (to Allergan, Inc., USA) 12 December 1995.
73. Ding S., Olejnik O. Cyclosporin ophthalmic oil/water emulsions. Formulation and characterization. Pharm. Res. 14:1997;S41
74. Acheampong A.A., Shackleton M., Tang-Liu D.D.-S., Ding S., Stern M.E., Decker R. Distribution of cyclosporin A in ocular tissues after topical administration to albino rabbits and beagle dogs. Curr. Eye Res. 18:1999;91-103
75. Sall K., Stevenson O.D., Mundorf T.K., Reis B.L. Two multicenter, randomized studies of the efficacy and safety of cyclosporin ophthalmic emulsion in moderate-to-severe dry eye disease. CsA Phase 3 Study Group. Ophthalmology. 107:2000;631-639
76. Turner K., Pflugfelder S.C., Ji Z., Feuer W.J., Stern M., Reis B.L. Interleukin-6 levels in the conjunctival epithelium of patients with dry eye disease treated with cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion. Cornea. 19:2000;492-496
77. Kunert K.S., Tisdale A.S., Stern M.E., Smith J.A., Gipson I.K. Analysis of topical cyclosporin treatment of patients with dry eye syndrome: effect on conjunctival lymphocytes. Arch. Ophthalmol. 118:2000;1489-1496
78. Brignole F., Pisella P.J., Saint-Jean M.D., Goldschild M., Goguel A., Baudouin C. Flow cytometric analysis of inflammatory markers in KCS: 6-month treatment with topical cyclosporin A. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 42:2001;90-95
79. Small D.S., Acheampong A., Reis B., Stern K., Stewart W., Berdy G., Epstein R., Foerster R., Forstot L., Tang-Liu D.D.-S. Blood concentrations of cyclosporin A during long-term treatment with cyclosporin A ophthalmic emulsions in patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease. J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 18:2002;411-418
80. Galatoire O., Baudouin C., Pisella P.J., Brignole F. Flow cytometry in impression cytology during keratoconjunctivitis sicca: effects of topical cyclosporin A on HLA DR expression. J. Fr. Ophthalmol. 26:2003;337-343
81. Tamilvanan S., Khoury K., Gilhar D., Benita S. Ocular delivery of cyclosporin A. I. Design and characterization of cyclosporin A-loaded positively charged submicron emulsion. STP Pharm. Sci. 11:2001;421-426
82. Abdulrazik M., Tamilvanan S., Khoury K., Benita S. Ocular delivery of cyclosporin A. II. Effect of submicron emulsion's surface charge on ocular distribution of topical cyclosporin A. STP Pharm. Sci. 11:2001;427-432
83. Klang S.H., Baszkin A., Benita S. The Stability of piroxicam incorporated in a positively charged submicron emulsion for ocular administration. Int. J. Pharm. 132:1996;33-44
84. Wehrle P., Korner D., Benita S. Sequential statistical optimization of a positively charged submicron emulsion of miconazole. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 1:1996;97-111
85. Etheridge J. Novagali launches phase 1 trial, negotiates second-round funds. Bioworld Int. 8:2003;4
86. Yang S.C., Benita S. Enhanced absorption and drug targeting by positively charged submicron emulsions. Drug Dev. Res. 50:2000;476-486