Intestinal rehabilitation and the short bowel syndrome: Part 1

American Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 99, Issue 7, 2004, Pages 1386-1395

  DiBaise, John K ^a   Young, Rosemary J ^b   Vanderhoof, Jon A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LONG TERM CARE; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; PARENTERAL NUTRITION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PATIENT CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME; SURVIVAL; ADAPTATION; ANIMAL; HUMAN;

ADAPTATION, BIOLOGICAL; ANIMALS; HUMANS; SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME;

EID: 3843053582     PISSN: 00029270     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30345.x     Document Type: Review

References (122)

1. Nightingale J, ed. Intestinal Failure. London: Greenwich Medical Media Limited, 2001.
2. AGA technical review on short bowel syndrome and intestinal transplantation. Gastroenterology 2003;124:1111-34.
3. Vanderhoof JA, Langnas AN. Short-bowel syndrome in children and adults. Gastroenterology 1997;113:1767-78.
4. Van Gossum A, Bakker H, Bozetti F, et al. Home parenteral nutrition in adults: A European multicenter study in 1997. Clin Nutr 1999;18:135-40.
5. Howard L, Ament M, Fleming CR, et al. Current use and clinical outcome of home parenteral and enteral nutrition therapies in the United States. Gastroenterology 1995;109:355-65.
6. Nightingale J, Spiller R. Normal intestinal anatomy and physiology. In: Nightingale J, ed. Intestinal Failure. London: Greenwich Medical Media Limited, 2001:15-36.
7. Borgstrom B, Daalq A, Lundh G, et al. Studies of intestinal digestion and absorption in the human. J Clin Invest 1957;36:1521-36.
8. Fordtran JS, Rector FC Jr, Ewton MF, et al. Permeability characteristics of the human small intestine. J Clin Invest 1965;44:1935-44.
9. Davis GR, Santa Aria CA, Morawski SG, et al. Permeability characteristics of human jejunum, ileum, proximal colon and distal colon: Results of potential difference measurements and unidirectional fluxes. Gastroenterology 1982;83:844-50.
10. Fordtran JS, Rector FC Jr, Carter NW. The mechanisms of sodium absorption in the human small intestine. J Clin Invest 1968;47:884-900.
11. Levitan R, Goulston K. Water and electrolyte content of human fluid after d-aldosterone administration. Gastroenterology 1967;52:510-2.
12. Nightingale JM, Kamm MA, van der Sijp JR, et al. Gastrointestinal hormones in short bowel syndrome. Peptide YY may be the 'colonic brake' to gastric emptying. Gut 1996;39:267-72.
13. Fich A, Steadman CJ, Phillips SF, et al. Ileocolonic transit does not change after right hemicolectomy. Gastroenterology 1992;103:794-9.
14. Debongnie JC, Phillips SF. Capacity of the colon to absorb fluid. Gastroenterology 1978;74:698-703.
15. Holst JJ. Enteroglucagon. Annu Rev Physiol 1997;59:257-71.
16. Pironi L, Stanghellini V, Miglioli, et al. Fat-induced ileal brake in humans: A dose-dependent phenomenon correlated to plasma levels of peptide YY. Gastroenterology 1993;105:733-9.
17. Jorgensen JR, Fitch MD, Mortensen PB, et al. In vivo absorption of medium-chain fatty acids by the rat colon exceeds that of short-chain fatty acids. Gastroenterology 2001;120:1152-61.
18. Nightingale JMD, Lennard-Jones JE, Walker ER, et al. Jejunal efflux in short bowel syndrome. Lancet 1990;336:765-8.
19. Hoffmann AF, Poley JR. Role of bile acid malabsorption in the pathogenesis of diarrhea and steatorrhea in patients with ileal resection. I. Response to cholestyramine or replacement of dietary long chain triglyceride by medium chain triglycerides. Gastroenterology 1972;62:918-34.
20. Singleton AO, Redmond DC, McMurray JE. Ileocecal resection and small bowel transit and absorption. Ann Surg 1964;159:690-4.
21. Jordan PH, Stuart JR, Briggs JD. Radical small bowel resection. Report of two cases. Am J Dig Dis 1958;3:823-43.
22. Nightingale JMD, Lennard-Jones JE, Gertner DJ, et al. Colonic preservation reduces the need for parenteral therapy, increases the incidence of renal stones but does not change the high prevalence of gallstones in patients with a short bowel. Gut 1992;33:1493-7.
23. Carbonnel F, Cosnes J, Chevret S, et al. The role of anatomic factors in nutritional autonomy after extensive small bowel resection. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1996;20:275-80.
24. Gouttebel MC, Saint-Aubert B, Astre C, et al. Total parenteral nutrition needs in different types of short bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 1986;31:718-23.
25. Williamson RCN, Chir M. Intestinal adaptation: Mechanisms of control. N Engl J Med 1978;298:1444-50.
26. Williamson RCN, Chir M. Intestinal adaptation: Structural, functional and cytokinetic changes. N Engl J Med 1978;298:1393-1402.
27. Dowling RH, Booth CC. Structural and functional changes following small intestinal resection in the rat. Clin Sci 1967;32:139-49.
28. Thompson JS, Ferguson DC. Effect of the distal remnant on ileal adaptation. J Gastrointest Surg 2000;4:430-4.
29. Cosnes J, Carbonnel F, Beaugerie L, et al. Functional adaptation after extensive small bowel resection in humans. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1994;6:197-202.
30. Pullan JM. Massive intestinal resection. Proc R Soc Med 1959;52:31-7.
31. Hanson WR, Osborne JW, Sharp JG. Compensation by the residual intestine after intestinal resection in the rat. I. Influence of amount of tissue removed. Gastroenterology 1977;72:692-700.
32. Hanson WR, Osborne JW, Sharp JG. Compensation by the residual intestine after intestinal resection in the rat. II. Influence of postoperative time interval. Gastroenterology 1977;72:701-5.
33. Feldman EJ, Dowling RH, MacNaughton J, et al. Effects of oral versus intravenous nutrition on intestinal adaptation after small bowel resection in the dog. Gastroenterology 1976;70:712-9.
34. Lentze MJ. Intestinal adaptation in short-bowel syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 1989;148:294-9.
35. Menge H, Robinson JWL. Functional and structural characteristics of the rat intestinal mucosa following ileojejunal transposition. Acta Hepatogastroenterol 1978;25:150-4.
36. MacDonald TT, Ferguson A. Regulation of villus height: The role of luminal factors in determining the villus height gradient of the mouse small intestine. In: Robinson JWL, Dowling RH, Riecken E-O, eds. Mechanisms of Intestinal Adaptation. Boston: MTP Press, 1981:47-53.
37. Orenstein SR. Enteral versus parenteral therapy for intractable diarrhea of infancy: A prospective randomized trial. J Pediatr 1986;109:277-86.
38. Clarke RM. "Luminal nutrition" versus "functional workload" as controllers of mucosal morphology and epithelial replacement in the rat small intestine. Digestion 1977;15:411-24.
39. Weser E, Babbitt J, Hoban M. Intestinal adaptation. Different growth responses to disaccharides compared with monosaccharides in rat small bowel. Gastroenterology 1986;91:1521-7.
40. Dworkin KD, Levine GM, Farber NJ, et al. Small intestinal mass of the rat is partially determined by indirect effects of intraluminal nutrition. Gastroenterology 1976;71:626-30.
41. Williamson RCN, Buchholtz TW, Malt RA. Humoral stimulation of cell proliferation in small bowel after transection and resection in rats. Gastroenterology 1978;75:249-54.
42. Altman GG. Influence of bile and pancreatic secretions on the size of the intestinal villi in the rat. Am J Anat 1971;132:167-78.
43. Weser E, Hernandez MH. Studies of small bowel adaptation after intestinal resection in the rat. Gastroenterology 1971;60:69-75.
44. Morin CL, Grey VL, Garofalo C. Influence of lipids on intestinal adaptation after resection. In: Robinson JWL, Dowling RH, Riecken EO, eds. Mechanisms in Intestinal Adaptation. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1982:175.
45. Grey VL, Garofalo C, Greenberg GR, et al. The adaptation of the small intestine after resection in response to free fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 1984;40:1235-42.
46. Kollman KA, Lien EL, Vanderhoof JA. Dietary lipids influence adaptation after massive bowel resection. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;28:41-5.
47. Vanderhoof JA, Park JH, Herrington MK, et al. Effects of dietary menhaden oil on mucosal adaptation after small bowel resection in rats. Gastroenterology 1994;106:94-9.
48. Vanderhoof JA, Grandjean CJ, Berkley KT, et al. Effect of casein versus casein hydrolysates on mucosal adaptation following massive bowel resection in infant rats. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1984;3:262-7.
49. Lai HS, Chen WJ, Chen KM, et al. Effects of monomeric and polymeric diets on small intestine following massive resection. J Formosan Med Assoc 1989;88:982-8.
50. Lacey JM, Wilmore DW. Is glutamine a conditional essential amino acid? Nutr Rev 1990;48:297-309.
51. Gouttebel MC, Astre C, Briand D, et al. Influence of N-acetylglutamine or glutamine infusion on plasma amino acid concentrations during the early phase of small-bowel adaptation in the dog. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1992;16:117-21.
52. Tamada H, Nezu R, Matsuo Y, et al. Alanyl glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition restores intestinal adaptation after either proximal or distal massive resection in rats. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1993;17:236-42.
53. Gardemann A, Watanabe Y, Brobe V, et al. Increase in intestinal glucose absorption and hepatic glucose uptake elicited by luminal but not vascular glutamine in the jointly perfused small intestine and liver of the rat. Biochem J 1992;283:759-65.
54. Rhoads JM, Keku EO, Quinn J, et al. L-glutamine stimulates jejunal sodium and chloride absorption in pig rotavirus enteritis. Gastroenterology 1991;100:683-91.
55. Rhoads JM, Keku EO, Woodard JP, et al. L-glutamine with d-glucose stimulates oxidative metabolism and NaCl absorption in the piglet jejunum. Am J Physiol 1992;263:G960-696.
56. Vanderhoof JA, Blackwood DJ, Mohammadpour H, et al. Effects of oral supplementation of glutamine on small intestinal mucosal mass following resection. J Am Coll Nutr 1992;11:223-7.
57. Michail S, Mohammadpour H, Park JH, et al. Effect of glutamine- supplemented elemental diet on mucosal adaptation following bowel resection in rats. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995;21:394-8.
58. Yang H, Larsson J, Permert J, et al. No effect of bolus glutamine supplementation on the postresectional adaptation of small bowel mucosa in rats receiving chow ad libitum. Dig Surg 2000;17:256-60.
59. Koruda MJ, Rolandelli RH, Settle RG, et al. The effect of a pectin supplemented elemental diet on intestinal adaptation to massive small bowel resection. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1986;10:343-50.
60. Kripke SA, Fox AD, Berman JM, et al. Stimulation of intestinal mucosal growth with intracolonic infusion of short-chain fatty acids. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1989;13:109-16.
61. Roth JA, Frankel WL, Zhang W, et al. Pectin improves colonic function in rat short bowel syndrome. J Surg Research 1995;58:240-6.
62. Gleeson MH, Bloom SR, Polak JM, et al. Endocrine tumour of the kidney affecting small bowel structure, motility and absorptive function. Gut 1971;12:773-82.
63. Kato M. Influence of 50% proximal or distal small bowel resection on gut hormone release after test meal loading in dogs. Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1991;92:1461-8.
64. Taylor RG, Verity K, Fuller PJ. Ileal glucagon gene expression: Ontogeny and response to massive small bowel resection. Gastroenterology 1990;99:924-729.
65. Gregor M, Stallmach A, Menge H, et al. The role of gutglucagon-like immunoreactants in the control of gastrointestinal epithelial cell renewal. Digestion 1990;46(Suppl 2):59-65.
66. Weser E, Bell D, Tawil T. Effects of octapeptide-cholecystokinin, secretion and glucagon on intestinal mucosal growth in parenterally nourished rats. Dig Dis Sci 1981;26:409-16.
67. Lund PK, Ulshen MH, Rountree DB, et al. Molecular biology of gastrointestinal peptides and growth factors: Relevance to intestinal adaptation. Digestion 1990;46(Suppl 2):66-73.
68. Fuller PJ, Beveridge DJ, Taylor RG. Ileal proglucagon gene expression in the rat: Characterization in intestinal adaptation using in situ hybridization. Gastroenterology 1993;104:459-66.
69. Litvak DA, Hellmich MR, Evers BM, et al. Glucagon-like peptide 2 is a potent growth factor for small intestine and colon. J Gastrointest Surg 1998;2:146-50.
70. Drucker DJ, DeForest L, Brubaker PL. Intestinal response to growth factors administered alone or in combination with human (Gly2) glucagon-like peptide 2. Am J Physiol 1997;273(6 Pt 1):G1252-62.
71. Buhl T, Thim L, Kofod H, et al. Naturally occurring products of proglucagon 111-160 in the porcine and human small intestine. J Biol Chem 1988;263:8621-4.
72. Hartmann B, Johnsen AH, Orskov C, et al. Structure, measurement, and secretion of human glucagon-like peptide-2. Peptides 2000;21:73-80.
73. Drucker DJ, Erlich P, Asa SL, et al. Induction of intestinal epithelial proliferation by glucagon-like peptide 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:7911-6.
74. Ghatei MA, Goodlad RA, Taheri S, et al. Proglucagon-derived peptides in intestinal epithelial proliferation. Glucagon-like peptide-2 is a major mediator of intestinal epithelial proliferation in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2001;46:1255-63.
75. Scott RB, Kirk D, MacNaughton WK, et al. GLP-2 augments the adaptive response to massive intestinal resection in rat. Am J Physiol 1998;275:G911-21.
76. Wojdemann M, Wettergren A, Hartmann B, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-2 inhibits centrally induced antral motility in pigs. Scand J Gastroenterol 1998;33:828-32.
77. Wojdemann M, Wettergren A, Hartmann B, et al. Inhibition of sham feeding-stimulated human gastric acid secretion by glucagon-like peptide-2. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:2513-7.
78. Shulman DI, Hu CS, Duckett G, et al. Effects of short-term growth hormone therapy in rats undergoing 75% small intestinal resection. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1992;14:3-11.
79. Hart MH, Phares CK, Erdman SH, et al. Augmentation of post-resection mucosal hyperplasia by pleceroid growth factor (PGF) - analog of human growth hormome. Dig Dis Sci 1987;32:1275-80.
80. Christensen H, Jorgensen PH, Oxlund H. Growth hormone increases the mass, the collagenous proteins and the strength of rat colon. Scand J Gastroenterol 1990;25:1137-43.
81. Mainoya JR. Effects of bovine growth hormone, human placental lactogen and ovine prolactin on intestinal fluid and ion transport in the rat. Endocrinology 1975;96:1165-70.
82. Mainoya JR. Influence of bovine growth hormone on water and NaCl absorption by the rat proximal jejunum and distal ileum. Comp Biochem Physiol 1982;71:477-9.
83. Chow JYC, Carlstrom K, Barrett KE. Growth hormone reduces chloride secretion in human colonic epithelial cells via EGF receptor and extracellular regulated kinase. Gastroenterology 2003;125:1114-24.
84. Park JH, Vanderhoof JA. Growth hormone did not enhance mucosal hyperplasia after small-bowel resection. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996;31:349-55.
85. Iannoli P, Miller JH, Ryan CK, et al. Epidermal growth factor and human growth hormone accelerate adaptation after massive enterectomy in an additive nutrient-dependent and site-specific fashion. Surgery 1997;112:721-9.
86. Zhou X, Li YX, Li N, et al. Effect of bowel rehabilitative therapy on structural adaptation of remnant small intestine: Animal experiment. World J Gastroenterol 2001;7:66-73.
87. Andrews NJ, Irving MH. Human gut hormone profiles in patients with short-bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 1992;37:729-32.
88. Johnson LR, Lichtenberger LM, Copeland EM, et al. Action of gastrin on gastrointestinal structure and function. Gastroenterology 1975;68:1184-92.
89. Morin CL, Ling V. Effects of pentagastrin on the rat small intestine after resection. Gastroenterology 1978;75:224-9.
90. Evers BM, Izukura M, Chung DH, et al. Neurotensin stimulates growth of colonic mucosa in young and aged rats. Gastroenterology 1992;103:86-91.
91. Hughes CA, Bates T, Dowling RH. Cholecystokinin and secretin prevent the intestinal mucosal hypoplasia of total parenteral nutrition in the dog. Gastroenterology 1978;75:34-41.
92. Hughes CA, Bates T, Dowling RH. The effect of cholecystokinin and secretin on intestinal and pancreatic structure and function. In: Robinson JWL, Dowling RH, Riecken E-O, eds. Mechanisms of Intestinal Adaptation. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1982:435-50.
93. Chung DH, Evers BM, Shimoda I, et al. Effect of neurotensin on gut mucosal growth in rats with jejunal and ileal Thiry-Vella fistulas. Gastroenterology 1992;103:1254-9.
94. Pearson PY, O'Connor DM, Schwartz MZ. Novel effect of leptin on small intestine adaptation. J Surg Res 2001;97:192-5.
95. Puolakkainen P, Ranchalis JE, Gombotz WR, et al. Novel delivery system for inducing quiescence in intestinal stem cells in rats by transforming growth factor-b-1:a mechanism of mucosal protection. Gastroenterology 1994;107:1319-26.
96. Sukhotnik I, Khateeb K, Krausz MM, et al. Sandostatin impairs postresection intestinal adaptation in a rat model of short bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 2002;47:2095-2102.
97. Krsek M, Rosicka M, Haluzik M, et al. Plasma ghrelin levels in patients with short bowel syndrome. Endocr Res 2002;28:27-33.
98. Goodlad RA, Nightingale JMD, Playford RJ. Intestinal adaptation. In: Nightingale J, ed. Intestinal Failure. London: Greenwich Medical Media Limited, 2001:243-62.
99. Cohen S, Taylor JM. Epidermal growth factor: Chemical and biological characterization. Recent Prog Horm Res 1974;30:533-50.
100. Feldman EJ, Aures D, Grossman MI. Epidermal growth factor stimulates ornithine decarboxylase activity in the digestive tract of the mouse. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1978;159:400-2.
101. Forgue-Laffite ME, Loburthe M, Chamblier MC. Demonstration of specific receptors for EGF-urogastrone in isolated rat intestinal epithelial cells. FEBS Lett 1980;114:243-6.
102. Helmrath MA, Shin CE, Erwin CR, et al. Intestinal adaptation is enhanced by epidermal growth factor independent of increased ileal epidermal growth factor receptor expression. J Pediatr Surg 1998;33:980-5.
103. O'Brien DP, Nelson LA, Williams JL, et al. Selective inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor impairs intestinal adaptation after small bowel resection. J Surg Res 2002;105:25-30.
104. Vanderhoof JA, McCusker RH, Clark R, et al. Truncated and native insulin-like growth factor I enhance mucosal adaptation after jejunoileal resection. Gastroenterology 1992;102:1949-56.
105. 2. Prostaglandins 1983;26:745-59.
106. Pawlikowski M. Are prostaglandins involved in the mitogenic actions of hormones? Exp Clin Endocrinol 1983;81:233-8.
107. Vanderhoof JA, Park JH, Grandjean CJ. Reduced mucosal prostaglandin synthesis after massive small bowel resection. Am J Physiol 1988;254(3 Pt 1):G373-77.
108. 2 on mucosal adaptation after massive distal small bowel resection in the rat. Gut 1988;29:802-8.
109. Vanderhoof JA, Kollman KA, Lien EL, et al. The role of eicosanoid synthesis in intestinal adaptation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;28:596 (abstract).
110. Dowling RH. Polyamines in intestinal adaptation and disease. Digestion 1990;46(Suppl 2):331-44.
111. Luk GD. Polyamines in intestinal growth. Biochem Soc Trans 1990;18:1090-1.
112. Dowling RH, Booth CC. Structural and functional changes following small intestinal resection in the rat. Clin Sci 1967;32:139-49.
113. Elias E, Dowling RH. The mechanism for small bowel adaptation in lactating rats. Clin Sci Molec Med 1976;51:427-33.
114. Miazza BM, Hung L, Vaja S, et al. Effect of pancreaticobiliary diversion (PBD) on jejunal and ileal structure and function in the rat. In: Robinson JWL, Dowling RH, Riecken E-O, eds. Mechanisms of Intestinal Adaptation. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1982:467-79.
115. Hughes CA, Prince A, Dowling RH. Speed of change in pancreatic mass and in intestinal bacteriology of parenterally-fed rats. Clin Sci 1980;59:329-36.
116. Dowling RH, Hosomi M, Stace NH, et al. Hormones and polyamines in intestinal and pancreatic adaptation. Scand J Gastroenterol 1985;20(Suppl 112):84-95.
117. Bamba T, Vaja S, Murphy GM, et al. Role of polyamines in the early adaptive response to jejunectomy in the rat: Effect of DFMO on the ileal villus: crypt axis. Digestion 1990;46(Suppl 2):410-23.
118. Rokkas T, Vaja S, Murphy GM, et al. Aminoguanidine blocks intestinal diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and enhances the intestinal adaptive response to resection in the rat. Digestion 1990;46(Suppl 2):447-57.
119. Wild GE, Searles L, Harding F, et al. Effects of polyamines on sucrase isomaltase and Na/glucose transporter gene expression in the small intestine of the postnatal rat. Gastroenterology 1994;106:A640 (abstract).
120. Dodson BD, Wang JL, Swietlicki E, et al. Isolation and characterization of mRNA species differentially expressed in the residual small intestine following massive resection. Gastroenterology 1994;106:A230 (abstract).
121. Swietlicki E, Iordanov H, Fritsch C, et al. Growth factor regulation ofPC4/TIS7, an immediate early gene expressed during gut adaptation after resection. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003;27:123-31.
122. Tyner AL, Siyanova E, Vasionkhin V, et al. A novel protein tyrosine kinase, SIK, is expressed in mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 1994;106:A847 (abstract).