Nonventilatory interventions in the acute respiratory distress syndrome

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 19-32

  Schuster, Kevin M ^a   Alouidor, Reginald ^b   Barquist, Erik S ^c  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b TUFTS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Acute lung injury; Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Nonventilatory interventions

Indexed keywords

ARACHIDONATE 5 LIPOXYGENASE; ARGININE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CORTICOTROPIN; ENDOTHELIUM DERIVED RELAXING FACTOR; GLUCOCORTICOID; HYDROCORTISONE; ICOSANOID; INTERLEUKIN 6; KETOCONAZOLE; LEUKOTRIENE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENT; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; PHOSPHOLIPASE A2; PHOSPHOLIPID; PROSTACYCLIN; PROSTAGLANDIN DERIVATIVE; PROSTAGLANDIN E1; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE; SURFACTANT; SURFACTANT PROTEIN A; SURFACTANT PROTEIN B; SURFACTANT PROTEIN C; SURFACTANT PROTEIN D; THROMBOXANE SYNTHASE; THROMBOXANE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ACUTE LUNG INJURY; ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; ALGORITHM; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; DRUG COST; EXTRACORPOREAL OXYGENATION; HUMAN; INJURY; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEPSIS;

HUMANS; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, ADULT;

EID: 38349014163     PISSN: 08850666     EISSN: 15251489     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0885066607310166     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. Asbaugh DG, Bigelow DB, Petty TL, Levine BE Acute respiratory distress in adults. Lancet. 1967 ; 12: 319-323.
2. Bernard GR, Artigas A., Brigham KL, et al. American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS: definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 ;149: 818-824.
3. Luhr OR, Antonsen K., Karlsson M., et al. Incidence and mortality after acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome in Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland. The ARF Study Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 ; 1849-1861.
4. MacCallum NS, Evans TW Epidemiology of acute lung injury. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2005 ; 11: 43-49.
5. Lucian G., Carlesso E., Valenza F., et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, the critical care paradigm: what we learned and what we forgot. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2004 ; 10: 272-278.
6. Hudson LD, Milberg JA, Anardi D., Maunder RJ Clinical risks for development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 ; 151: 293-301.
7. The ARDS Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000 ; 342: 1301-1308.
8. Bernard GR, Artigas A., Brigham KL, et al. Consensus Committee, report of the American-European consensus conference on acute respiratory distress syndrome: definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care. 1994 ; 149: 818-824.
9. Ferguson ND, Meade MO, Hallet DO, Stewart TE High values of the pulmonary artery wedge pressure in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2002 ; 28: 10731077.
10. Guyton AC, Lindsey AW Effect of elevated left atrial pressure and decreased plasma protein concentration on the development of pulmonary edema. Cir Res. 1959 ; 7: 649-657.
11. Martin GS, Moss M., Wheeler AP A randomized, controlled trial of furosemide with or without albumin in hypoproteinemic patients with acute lung injury. Crit Care Med. 2005 ; 33: 1681-1687.
12. Reising CA, Chendrasekhar A., Wall PL, Paradise NF, Timberlake GA, Moorman DW Continuous dose furosemide as a therapeutic approach to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). J Surg Res. 1999 ; 82: 56-60.
13. Humphrey H., Hall J., Sznajder J., et al. Improved survival in ARDS patients associated with a reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Chest. 1990 ; 97: 1176-1180.
14. Mitchell JP, Schiller D., Calandrino FS, et al. Improved outcome based on fluid management in critically ill patients requiring pulmonary artery catheterization. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 ; 145: 990-998.
15. The ARDS Network. Pulmonary-artery central venous catheter guide treatment of acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2006 ; 354: 2213-2224.
16. The ARDS Network. Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2006 ; 354: 2564-2575.
17. Possmayer F., Yu SH, Weber JM, Harding PG Pulmonary surfactant. Can J Biochem Cell Biol. 1984 ; 62: 1121-1133.
18. Lewis JF, Veldhuizen R. The role of exogenous surfactant in the treatment of acute lung injury. Annu Rev Physiol. 2003 ; 65: 613-642.
19. Pison U., Max M., Neudndank A., Weissbach S., Pietschmann S. Host defense capacities of pulmonary surfactant: evidence for 'non-surfactant' functions of the surfactant system. Eur J Clin Invest. 1994 ; 24: 589-599.
20. Thomassen MJ, Meeker DP, Antal JM, Conners MJ, Wiedermann HP Synthetic surfactant (Exosurf) inhibits endotoxin-stimulated cytokine secretion by human alveolar macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1992 ; 7: 257-260.
21. Cheng IW, Ware LB, Greene KE, Nuckton TJ, Eisner MD, Matthay MA Prognostic value of surfactant proteins A and D in patients with acute lung injury. Crit Care Med. 2003 ; 31: 311-313.
22. Postle AD, Heeley EL, Wilton DC A comparison of the molecular species compositions of mammalian lung surfactant phospholipids. Comp Biochem Physiol. 2001 ; 129: 65-73.
23. Gunther A., Siebert C., Schmidt R., et al. Surfactant alterations in severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and cardiogenic lung edema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 ; 153: 176-184.
24. Tsangaris I., Lekka ME, Kitsiouli E., et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage alterations during prolonged ventilation of patients without acute lung injury. Eur Respir J. 2003 ; 21: 495-501.
25. Hite RD, Seeds MC, Jacinto RB, Balasubramanian R., Waite M., Bass D. Hydrolysis of surfactant-associated phosphotidylcholine by mammalian secretory phospholipase A2. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 1998 ; 275: L740 - L747.
26. Richman PS, Spragg RG, Robertson B., Meritt TA, Curstedt T. The adult respiratory distress syndrome: first trials with surfactant replacement. Eur Respir J Suppl. 1989 ; 3: 109s - 111s.
27. Spragg RG, Gilliard N., Richman P., et al. Acute effects of a single dose of porcine surfactant on patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Chest. 1994 ; 105: 195-202.
28. Weg JG, Balk RA, Tharatt S., et al. Safety and potential efficacy of an aerosolized surfactant in human sepsis-induced adult respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA. 1994 ; 272: 1432-1438.
29. Lewis JF, Dhillon J., Singh RN, Johnson CC, Frewen TC Exogenous surfactant therapy for pediatric patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Can Respir J. 1997 ; 4: 21-26.
30. Wilson DF, Jiao JH, Bauman LA, et al. Calf's lung surfactant extract in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in children. Crit Care Med. 1996 ; 24: 1316-1322.
31. Gregory TJ, Steinberg KP, Spragg R., et al. Bovine surfactant therapy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 ; 155: 1309-1315.
32. Anzueto A., Baughman RP, Guntupalli KK, et al. Aerosolized surfactant in adults with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1996 ; 334: 1417-1421.
33. Gregory TJ, Hite RD, Hicklin G. Dose escalation study of surfaxin delivered via bronchopulmonary segmental lavage (BPSL) in patients with ARDS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 ; 167: A178.
34. Spragg RG, Lewis JF, Wurst W., et al. Treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome with recombinant surfactant protein C surfactant. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 ; 167: 1562-1566.
35. Spragg RG, Lewis JF, Walmrath HD, et al. Effect of recombinant surfactant protein C-based surfactant on the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2004 ; 351: 884-892.
36. McIntyre RC, Moore R., Moore EE, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide variably improves oxygenation and pulmonary hypertension in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. J Trauma. 1995 ; 39: 418-425.
37. Kraft P., Freidrich P., Fritzgerald RD, Koc D., Stelzer H. Effectiveness of nitric oxide inhalation in septic ARDS. Chest. 1996 ; 109: 486-493.
38. Dellinger RP, Zimmerman JL, Taylor RW, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide in ARDS study group, effects of inhaled nitric oxide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: results of a randomized phase II trial. Crit Care Med. 1998 ; 26: 15-23.
39. Cubertson BH, Dilinger P., Dyar OJ, et al. American-European Consensus Conference on ALI/ARDS, UK guidelines for the use of inhaled nitric oxide therapy in adult ICUs. Intensive Care Med. 1997 ;23: 1212-1218.
40. Lundin S., Mang H., Smithies M., et al. The European Study Group of Inhaled Nitric Oxide: inhalation of nitric oxide in acute lung injury: results of a European multi-centre study. Intensive Care Med. 1999 ; 25: 911-919.
41. Loh E., Stamler J., Hare JM, et al. Cardiovascular effects of inhaled nitric oxide in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 1994 ; 90: 2780-2785.
42. Michael JR, Barton R., Saffle S., et al. Inhaled nitric oxide versus conventional therapy: effect on oxygenation in ARDS. Am J Respir Crit Care. 1998 ; 157 (pt 1). 1372-1380.
43. Klein Y., Blackbourne LM, Barquist ES Non-ventilatory based strategies in the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Trauma. 2004 ; 57: 915-924.
44. Tokioka H., Kobayashi O., Ohta Y., Wakabayashi T., Kosaka F. The acute effects of prostaglandin E1 on the pulmonary circulation and oxygen delivery in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 1985 ; 11: 61-64.
45. Holcroft JW, Vassar M., Weber CJ Prostaglandin E1 and survival in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Surg. 1986 ; 4: 371-378.
46. Abraham E., Baughman R., Fletcher E., et al. Liposomal prostaglandin E1 (TLC C-53) in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial. Crit Care Med. 1996 ; 24: 10-15.
47. Meyer J., Theilmeier G., Van Aken H., et al. Inhaled prostaglandin E1 for treatment of acute lung injury in severe multiple organ failure. Anesth Analg. 1988 ; 86: 753-758.
48. Abraham E., Baughman R., Fletcher E., et al, and the TLC C-53 ARDS Study Group. Liposomal prostaglandin E1 (TLC C-53) in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a controlled randomized, double-blind, multi-center clinical trial. Crit Care Med. 1999 ; 27: 1478-1485.
49. Shoemaker WC, Appel P. Effects of prostaglandin E1 in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Surgery. 1986 ; 99: 275-283.
50. Bone RC, Slotman G., Maunder R., et al. Randomized double-blind, multicenter study on prostaglandin E1 in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. Chest. 1989 ; 96: 114-119.
51. Silverman HJ, Slotman G., Bone RC, et al, and the Prostaglandin E1 Study Group. Effects of prostaglandin E1 on oxygen delivery and consumption in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome: results from the prostaglandin E1 multicenter trial. Chest. 1990 ; 98: 405-410.
52. Abraham E., Park Y., Covington P., Conrad SA, Schwartz M. Liposomal prostaglandin E1 in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trials. Crit Care Med. 1996 ; 24: 10-15.
53. Steinberg SM, Dehring D., Gower WR, Vento JM, Cloutier CT Prostacyclin in experimental septic acute respiratory failure. J Surg Res. 1983 ; 34: 298-302.
54. Domenighetti G., Stricker H., Waldispuehl B. Nebulized prostacyclin PGI2 in acute respiratory distress syndrome: impact of primary (pulmonary injury) and secondary (extrapulmonary injury) disease on gas exchange response. Crit Care Med. 2001 ; 29: 57-62.
55. ARDS Network. Ketokonazole for early treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. The ARDS Network. JAMA. 2000 ; 15: 1995-2002.
56. Hansen-Flaschen JC, Brazinski S., Basile C., Lankin PN Use of sedating drugs in neuromuscular blocking agents in patients requiring mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure: a national survey. JAMA. 1991 ; 266: 2870-2875.
57. Murray MJ, Cowen J., Deblock H., et al. Clinical practice guidelines for sustained neuromuscular blockade in the adult critically ill patient. Crit Care Med. 2002 ; 30: 142-156.
58. Gainnier M., Roch A., Forel J-M., et al. Effects of neuromuscular blocking agents on gas exchange in patients presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med. 2004 ; 32: 113-119.
59. Annat GJ, Viale J., Dereymez CP, et al. Oxygen cost of breathing and diaphragmatic pressure time index: measurements in patients with COPD during weaning with pressure support ventilation. Chest. 1990 ; 98: 411-414.
60. Marik P., Kaufman D. The effects of neuromuscular paralysis on systemic oxygen utilization in mechanically ventilated patients. Chest. 1996 ; 109: 1038-1042.
61. Vernon DD, Witte MK Effects of neuromuscular blockade on oxygen consumption and energy expenditure in sedated mechanically ventilated children. Crit Care Med. 2000 ; 28: 1569-1571.
62. Wilson DF, Jiao J-H. Improved oxygenation after discontinuing neuromuscular blockade. Intensive Care Med. 1997 ; 23: 214-217.
63. Bruder N., Raynal M., Pellisier D., Courtinat C., Francois G. Influence of body temperature, with or without sedation, on energy expenditure in severe head-injury patients. Crit Care Med. 1998 ; 26: 568-572.
64. Freebairn RC, Derrick J., Gomersall CD, Young RJ, Joynt GM Oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, and gastric intramucosal pH are not improved by a computer-controlled, closed-loop, vercuronium infusion in severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med. 1997 ; 25: 72-77.
65. Piehl MA, Brown RS Use of extreme position changes in acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med. 1976 ; 4: 13-14.
66. Langer M., Mascheroni D., Marcolin R., et al. The prone position in ARDS patients: a clinical study. Chest. 1988 ; 94: 103-107.
67. Albert RK, Leasa D., Sanderson M., et al. The prone position improves oxygenation and reduces shunt in oleic acid-induced acute lung injury. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 ; 135: 628-633.
68. Albert RK, Hubmayr RD The prone position eliminates compression of the lungs by the heart. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 ; 161: 1660-1665.
69. Pelosi P., Rossaint R., Slama K., et al. Effects of the prone position on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange during acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 ; 157: 387-393.
70. Ward NS Effects of prone position ventilation in ARDS: an evidence-based review of the literature. Crit Care Clin. 2002 ; 18: 35-44.
71. Fridrich P., Krafft P., Hochleuthner H., et al. The effects of long-term prone positioning in patients with trauma-induced adult respiratory distress syndrome. Anesth Analg. 1996 ; 83: 1206-1211.
72. Johannigman JA, Davis K., Miller SL, et al. Prone positioning for acute respiratory distress syndrome in the surgical intensive care unit: who, when, and how long? Surgery. 2000 ; 128: 708-716.
73. Servillo G., Roupie E., DeRobertis E., et al. Effects of ventilation in ventral decubitus position on respiratory mechanics in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 1997 ; 23: 1219-1224.
74. Gattinoni L., Tognoni G., Pesenti A. Effect of prone positioning on the survival of patients with acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med. 2001 ; 345: 568-573.
75. Mancebo J., Rialp G., Fernandez R., et al. Randomized multicenter trial in ARDS: supine versus prone position. Intensive Care Med. 2003 ; 29: S64.
76. Guerin C., Gaillard S., Lemasson S., et al. Effects of systematic prone positioning in hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. JAMA. 2004 ; 292: 2379-2387.
77. Voggenreiter G., Aufmkolk M., Stiletto RJ, et al. Prone positioning improves oxygenation in post-traumatic lung injury: a prospective randomized trial. J Trauma. 2005 ; 59: 333-345.
78. Bein T., Reber A., Metz C., Jauch KW, Hedenstierna G. Acute effects of continuous rotational therapy on ventilation- perfusion inequality in lung injury. Intensive Care Med. 1998 ; 24: 132-137.
79. Staudinger T., Kofler J., Mullner M., et al. Comparison of prone positioning and continuous rotation of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome: results of a pilot study. Crit Care Med. 2001 ; 29: 51-56.
80. Jurney TH, Cockrell JL Jr, Lindberg JS, et al. Spectrum of serum cortisol response to ACTH in ICU patients: correlation with degree of illness and mortality. Chest. 1987 ; 92: 292-295.
81. Barton RN, Stoner HB, Watson SM Relationships among plasma cortisol adrenocorticotropin, and severity of injury in recently injured patients. J Trauma. 1987 ; 27: 384-392.
82. Annane D., Sebille V., Trache G., et al. A 3-level prognostic classification in septic shock based on cortisol levels and cortisol response to corticotrophin. JAMA. 2000 ; 283: 1038-1045.
83. Annane D., Sebille V., Charpentier C., et al. Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patents with septic shock. JAMA. 2002 ; 288: 862-871.
84. Annane D., Sebille V., Bellissant E., and the Ger-Inf-05 Study Group. Effect of low doses of corticosteroids in septic shock patients with or without early acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med. 2006 ; 34: 22-30.
85. Bernard GR, Luce JM, Sprung CL, et al. High-dose corticosteroids in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1987 ; 317: 1567-1570.
86. Sprung CL, Caralis PV, Marcial EH, et al. The effect of high dose corticosteroids in patients with septic shock. N Engl J Med. 1984 ; 311: 1137-1143.
87. Weigelt JA, Norcross JF, Borman KR, et al. Early steroid therapy for respiratory failure. Arch Surg. 1985 ; 120: 536-540.
88. Bone RC, Fisher CJ, Clemmer TP, et al. Early methylprednisolone treatment for septic syndrome and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Chest. 1987 ; 92: 1032-1036.
89. Luce JM, Montgomery AB, Marks JE, et al. Ineffectiveness of high dose methylprednisolone in preventing parenchymal lung injury and improving mortality in patients with septic shock. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 ; 138: 62-68.
90. Meduri GU, Headley AS, Golden E., et al. Effect of prolonged methylprednisolone therapy in unresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA. 1998 ; 280: 159-165.
91. Brun-Buisson C., Brochard L. Corticosteroid therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA. 1998 ; 280: 183.
92. Meduri GU, Tolley EA, Chrousos GP, Stentz F. Prolonged methylprednisolone treatment suppresses systemic inflammation in patients with unresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 ; 165: 983-991.
93. The ARDS Network. Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2006 ; 354: 1671-1684.
94. Lewandowski K. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for sever acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med. 2000 ; 4: 156-168.
95. Hemmila MR, Rowe SA, Bartlett RH, et al. Extracorporeal life support for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. Ann Surg. 2004 ; 240: 595-605.
96. Zapol WM, Snider MT, Hill JD, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe acute respiratory failure: a randomized prospective study. JAMA. 1979 ; 242: 2193-2196.
97. Morris AH, Wallace CJ, Menlove RL, et al. Randomized clinical trial of pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation and extracorporeal CO2 removal for adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 ; 149: 295-305.
98. Linden V., Palmer K., Reinhard J., et al. High survival in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, minimal sedation, and pressure supported ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2000 ; 26: 1630-1637.
99. Mols G., Loop T., Geiger K., et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a ten-year experience. Am J Surg. 2000 ; 180: 144-154.
100. Hemmila MR, Rowe SA, Bartlett RH, et al. Extracorporeal life support for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. Ann Surg. 2004 ; 240: 595-605.
101. Conventional ventilation or ECMO for severe adult respiratory failure. Available at: http://www.cesar-trial.org. Accessed July 1, 2004.
102. Perkins GD, McAuley DF, Richter A., Thickett DR, Gao F. Bench to bedside review: β2-agonists and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care. 2004 ; 8: 25-32.
103. Basran GS, Hardy JG, Woo SP, Ramasubramanian R., Byrne AJ Beta-2-adrenoceptor agonists as inhibitors of lung vascular permeability to radiolabelled transferrin in the adult respiratory distress syndrome in man. Eur J Nucl Med. 1986 ; 12: 381-384.
104. Morina P., Herrera M., Venegas J., Mora D., Rodriguez M., Pino E. Effects of nebulized salbutamol on respiratory mechanics in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 1997 ; 23: 58-64.
105. Pesanti A., Pelosi P., Rossi N., Aprigliano M., Brazzi L., Fumagalli R. Respiratory mechanics and brochodilator responsiveness in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med. 1993 ; 21: 78-83.
106. Wright PE, Carmichael LC, Bernard GR Effect of bronchodi- lators on lung mechanics in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Chest. 1994 ; 106: 1517-1523.