Optical disector counting in cryosections and vibratome sections underestimates particle numbers: Effects of tissue quality

Microscopy Research and Technique

Volumn 71, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 60-68

  Ward, Tyson S ^a   Rosen, Glenn D ^b   Von Bartheld, Christopher S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Bias; Celloidin; Histology; Morphology; Paraffin; Particle counting; Stereology

Indexed keywords

ACETAL RESINS; ANIMALS; HISTOLOGY; NEURONS; TISSUE; TISSUE ENGINEERING;

BIAS; CELLOIDIN; EMBEDDINGS; GLUTARALDEHYDES; NUMBER EFFECTS; OPTICAL-; PARAFORMALDEHYDES; PARTICLE COUNTING; PARTICLE NUMBERS; STEREOLOGY;

PARAFFINS;

GLUTARALDEHYDE; PARAFFIN; PARAFORMALDEHYDE; PYROXYLIN; RESIN; THIONINE;

ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CELL COUNT; CHICKEN; EMBEDDING; FROZEN SECTION; NERVE CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STEREOLOGY; TISSUE FIXATION;

ANIMALIA; GALLUS GALLUS;

EID: 38149046462     PISSN: 1059910X     EISSN: 10970029     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20525     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Abercrombie M. 1946. Estimation of nuclear populations from microtome sections. Anat Rec 94:239-247.
2. Aldana Marcos HJ, Ferrari CC, Benitez I, Affanni JM. 1996. Standardization of fixation, processing and staining methods for the central nervous system of vertebrates. Biocell 20:265-272.
3. Baryshnikova LM, von Bohlen und Halbach O, Kaplan S, von Bartheld CS. 2006. Two distinct events, section compression and loss of particles ("lost caps"), contribute to z-axis distortion and bias in optical disector counting. Microsc Res Tech 69:738-756.
4. Clarke PGH, Oppenheim RW. 1995. Neuron death in vertebrate development: In vitro methods. Methods Cell Biol 46:277-321.
5. Coggeshall RE, Lekan HA. 1996. Methods for determining numbers of cells and synapses: A case for more uniform standards of review. J Comp Neurol 364:6-15.
6. Coggeshall RE, La Forte R, Klein CM. 1990. Calibration of methods for determining numbers of dorsal root ganglion cells. J Neurosci Methods 35:187-194.
7. Croes SA, Baryshnikova LM, Kaluskar SS, von Bartheld CS. 2007. Acute and long-term effects of botulinum neurotoxin on the function and structure of developing chick extraocular muscles. Neurobiol Dis 25:649-664.
8. Dorph-Petersen KA, Nyengaard JR, Gundersen HJ. 2001. Tissue shrinkage and unbiased stereological estimation of particle number and size. J Microsc 204:232-246.
9. Durham D, Woolsey TA, Kruger L. 1981. Cellular localization of 2-[3H]deoxy-D-glucose from paraffin-embedded brains. J Neurosci 1:519-526.
10. Farel PB. 2002. Trust, but verify: The necessity of empirical verification in quantitative neurobiology. Anat Rec 269:157-161.
11. Gardella D, Hatton WJ, Rind HB, Rosen GD, von Bartheld CS. 2003. Differential distortion of the z-axis in tissue sections: Implications for optical disector counting. J Neurosci Methods 124:45-59.
12. Geuna S. 2000. Appreciating the difference between design-based and model-based sampling strategies in quantitative morphology of the nervous system. J Comp Neurol 427:333-339.
13. Geuna S. 2005. The revolution of counting "tops": Two decades of the disector principle in morphological research. Microsc Res Tech 66:270-274.
14. Guillery RW. 2002. On counting and counting errors. J Comp Neurol 447:1-7.
15. Guillery RW, Herrup K. 1997. Quantification without pontification: Choosing a method for counting objects in sectioned tissues. J Comp Neurol 386:2-7.
16. Guillery RW, August BK. 2002. Doubt and certainty in counting. Prog Brain Res 135:25-42.
17. Gundersen HJG, Bagger P, Bendtsen TF, Evans SM, Korbo L, Marcussen N, Møller A, Nielsen K, Nyengaard JR, Pakkenberg B, Sørensen FB, Vesterby A, West MJ. 1988. The new stereological tools: Disector, fractionator, nucleator and point sampled intercepts and their use in pathological research and diagnosis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand 96:857-881.
18. Gunturkun O. 1997. Visual lateralization in birds: From neurotrophins to cognition? Eur J Morphol 35:290-302.
19. Hatton WJ, von Bartheld CS. 1999. Analysis of cell death in the trochlear nucleus of chick embryos: Calibration of the optical disector counting technique reveals systematic bias. J Comp Neurol 409:169-186.
20. Hedreen JC. 1998. Lost caps in histological counting methods. Anat Rec 25:366-372.
21. Heller B, Schweingruber F, Guvenc D, Heller A. 2001. Computer experiments to determine whether over- or under-counting necessarily affects the determination of difference in cell number between experimental groups. J Neurosci Methods 106:91-99.
22. Hockfield S, Carlson S, Evans C, Levitt P, Pintar J, Silberstein L. 1993. Immunocytochemistry. In: Selected methods for antibody and nucleic acid probes. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. pp. 111-226.
23. Howard CV, Reed MG. 1998. Unbiased stereology. Three-dimensional measurement in microscopy. New York: Springer. p. 246.
24. Ishii T, Kasama K, Kondo M, Takahashi T. 1993. Cryostat sectioning of formalin-fixed brain: Further attempt to improve section quality by previous infiltration with O.C.T. compound. Tohoku J Exp Med 171:101-105.
25. Konigsmark BW. 1970. Methods for the counting of neurons. In: Nauta WJH, Ebbesson SOE, editors. Contemporary research methods in neuroanatomy. New York: Springer. pp. 315-340.
26. Medeiros LR, Rosa DD, Edelweiss MI, Stein AT, Bozzetti MC, Zelmanowicz A, Pohlmann PR, Meurer L, Carballo MT. 2005. Accuracy of frozen-section analysis in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors: A systematic quantitative review. Int J Gynecol Cancer 15:192-202.
27. Mouton PR. 2002. Principles and practices of unbiased stereology. An introduction for bioscientists. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 214.
28. Myers M, Britt KL, Wreford NG, Ebling FJ, Kerr JB. 2004. Methods for quantifying follicular numbers within the mouse ovary. Reproduction 127:569-580.
29. Pinto PB, Andrade LA, Derchain SF. 2001. Accuracy of intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of ovarian tumors. Gynecol Oncol 81:230-232.
30. Prieto VG, Argenyi ZB, Barnhill RL, Duray PH, Elenitsas R, From L, Guitart J, Horenstein MG, Ming ME, Piepkorn MW, Rabkin MS, Reed JA, Selim MA, Trotter MJ, Johnson MM, Shea CR. 2003. Are en face frozen sections accurate for diagnosing margin status in melanocytic lesions? Am J Clin Pathol 120:203-208.
31. Revilla V, Jones A. 2002. Cryostat sectioning of brains. Int Rev Neurobiol 47:61-70.
32. Saper CB. 1999. Unbiased stereology: Three-dimensional measurement in microscopy. Trends Neurosci 22:94-95. Book review.
33. Schmitz C, Hof PR. 2005. Design-based stereology in neuroscience. Neuroscience 130:813-831.
34. Schmitz C, Korr H, Heinsen H. 1999. Design-based counting techniques: The real problems. Trends Neurosci 22:345-346.
35. Schober A, Peterziel H, Simon H, von Bartheld CS, Krieglstein K, Unsicker K. 2007. GDNF applied to the MPTP-lesioned nigrostriatal system requires TGF-β for its neuroprotective action. Neurobiol Dis 25:378-391.
36. Sohal GS, Knox TS, Allen JC, Jr, Arumugam T, Campbell LR, Yamashita T. 1985. Development of the trochlear nucleus in quail and comparative study of the trochlear nucleus, nerve, and innervation of the superior oblique muscle in quail, chick, and duck. J Comp Neurol 239:227-236.
37. Stuart DA, Oorschot DE. 1995. Embedding, sectioning, immunocytochemical and stereological methods that optimise research on the lesioned adult rat spinal cord. J Neurosci Methods 61:5-14.
38. Tandrup T. 2004. Unbiased estimates of number and size of rat dorsal root ganglion cells in studies of structure and cell survival. J Neurocytol 33:173-192.
39. Taylor CR. 2001. Immunohistochemistry for the age of molecular morphology. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 9:1-2.
40. von Bartheld CS. 1999. Systematic bias in an 'unbiased' neuronal counting technique. Anat Rec (New Anat.) 257:119-120.
41. von Bartheld CS. 2001. Comparison of 2D- and 3D-counting: The need for calibration and common sense. Trends Neurosci 24:504-506.
42. von Bartheld CS. 2002. Counting particles in tissue sections: Choices of methods and importance of calibration to minimize biases. Histol Histopathol 17:639-648.
43. Wahle P. 2002. Combining non-radioactive in situ hybridization with immunohistological and anatomical techniques. Int Rev Neurobiol 47:203-238.
44. Ward TS, Rosen GD, von Bartheld CS. 2007. Optical disector counting in cryosections and vibratome sections underestimates neuron numbers: Effects of tissue quality. Soc Neurosci Abstr 845.10.
45. West MJ. 1999. Stereological methods for estimating the total number of neurons and synapses: Issues of precision and bias. Trends Neurosci 22:51-61.
46. Williams RW, Rakic P. 1988. Three-dimensional counting: Accurate and direct method to estimate numbers of cells in sectioned material. J Comp Neurol 278:344-352.
47. Williams RW, von Bartheld CS, Rosen GD. 2003. Counting cells in sectioned material: A suite of techniques, tools and tips. Curr Protocols Neurosci1.11.1-29.
48. Wootipoom V, Dechsukhum C, Hanprasertpong J, Lim A. 2006. Accuracy of intraoperative frozen section in diagnosis of ovarian tumors. J Med Assoc Thai 89:577-582.