Effect of raloxifene on cerebral vasospasm following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats

Neurologia Medico-Chirurgica

Volumn 47, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 537-542

  Gulsen, Salih ^a,b   Inci, Servet ^a   Yuruk, Sinan ^a   Yasar, Umit ^a   Ozgen, Tuncalp ^a  

^a HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b BASKENT UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Cerebral vasospasm; Raloxifene; Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Indexed keywords

RALOXIFENE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BASILAR ARTERY; BRAIN VASOSPASM; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; MALE; NONHUMAN; RAT; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE;

ANIMALS; ESTROGEN ANTAGONISTS; MALE; RALOXIFENE; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; VASOSPASM, INTRACRANIAL;

EID: 37749032179     PISSN: 04708105     EISSN: 13498029     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2176/nmc.47.537     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Arteaga E, Villaseca P, Bianchi M, Rojas A, Marshall G: Raloxifene is a better antioxidant of low-density lipoprotein than estradiol or tamoxifen in postmenopausal women in vitro. Menopause 10: 142-146, 2003
2. Asano T: Oxyhemoglobin as the principal cause of cerebral vasospasm: a holistic view of its actions. Crit Rev Neurosurg 9: 303-318, 1999
3. Beckman JS, Beckman TW, Chen J, Marshall PA, Freeman BA: Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 1620-1624, 1990
4. Bednarek-Tupikowska G, Bohdanowicz-Pawlak A, Bidzinska B, Milewicz A, Antonowicz-Juchniewicz J, Andrzejak R: Serum lipid peroxide levels and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 15: 298-303, 2001
5. Biller J, Godersky JC, Adams HPJ: Management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 19: 1300-1305, 1988
6. Black LJ, Sato M, Rowley ER, Magee DE, Bekele A, Williams DC, Cullinan GJ, Bendele R, Kauffman RF, Bensch WR, Frolik CA, Termine JD, Bryant HU: Raloxifene (LY139481 HCI) prevents bone loss and reduces serum cholesterol without causing uterine hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats. J Clin Invest 93: 63-69, 1994
7. Borel CO, McKee A, Parra A, Haglund MM, Solan A, Prabhakar V, Sheng H, Warner DS, Niklason L: Possible role for vascular cell proliferation in cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 34: 427-433, 2003
8. Clark JF, Reilly M, Sharp FR: Oxidation of bilirubin produces compounds that cause prolonged vasospasm of rat cerebral vessels: a contributor to subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 22: 472-478, 2002
9. Cook DA: Mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage. Pharmacol Ther 66: 259-284, 1995
10. Czerny B, Teister M, Juzyszyn Z, Kaminski A, Pawlik A: Effect of tamoxifen and raloxifene on the conjugation of bile acids with taurine and glycine in ovariectomized rats. Pharmacol Rep 58: 435-438, 2006
11. Darblade B, Pendaries C, Krust A, Dupont S, Fouque MJ, Rami J, Chambon P, Bayard F, Arnal JF: Estradiol alters nitric oxide production in the mouse aorta through the alpha-, but not beta-, estrogen receptor. Circ Res 90: 413-419, 2002
12. Delmas PD, Bjarnason NH, Mitlak BH, Ravoux AC, Shah AS, Huster WJ, Draper M, Christiansen C: Effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, serum cholesterol concentrations, and uterine endometrium in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 337: 1641-1647, 1997
13. Draeger A, Amos WB, Ikebe M, Small JV: The cytoskeletal and contractile apparatus of smooth muscle: contraction bands and segmentation of the contractile elements. J Cell Biol 111: 2463-2473, 1990
14. Dubey RK, Imthurn B, Barton M, Jackson EK: Vascular consequences of menopause and hormone therapy: importance of timing of treatment and type of estrogen. Cardiovasc Res 66: 295-306, 2005
15. Dubey RK, Jackson EK: Estrogen-induced cardiorenal protection: potential cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 280: F365-F388, 2001
16. Dumont AS, Dumont RJ, Chow MM, Lin CL, Calisaneller T, Ley KF, Kassell NF, Lee KS: Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: putative role of inflammation. Neurosurgery 53: 123-135, 2003
17. Hingorani AD, Cross J, Kharbanda RK, Mullen MJ, Bhagat K, Taylor M, Donald AE, Palacios M, Griffin GE, Deanfield JE, MacAllister RJ, Vallance P: Acute systemic inflammation impairs endothelium-dependent dilatation in humans. Circulation 102: 994-999, 2000
18. Hino A, Tokuyama Y, Weir B, Takeda J, Yano H, Bell GI, Macdonald RL: Changes in endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA during vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in monkeys. Neurosurgery 39: 562-568, 1996
19. Hogg N, Darley-Usmar VM, Wilson MT, Moncada S: Production of hydroxyl radicals from the simultaneous generation of superoxide and nitric oxide. Biochem J 281: 419-424, 1992
20. Jisa E, Dornstauder E, Ogawa S, Inoue S, Muramatsu M, Jungbauer A: Transcriptional activities of estrogen receptor alpha and beta in yeast properties of raloxifene. Biochem Pharmacol 62: 953-961, 2001
21. Kamii H, Kato I, Kinouchi H, Chan PH, Epstein CJ, Akabane A, Okamoto H, Yoshimoto T: Amelioration of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in transgenic mice overexpressing CuZn-superoxide dismutase. Stroke 30: 867-872, 1999
22. Kokiko ON, Murashov AK, Hoane MR: Administration of raloxifene reduces sensorimotor and working memory deficits following traumatic brain injury. Behav Brain Res 170: 233-240, 2006
23. Konyalioglu S, Durmaz G, Yalcin A: The potential antioxidant effect of raloxifene treatment: a study on heart, liver and brain cortex of ovariectomized female rats. Cell Biochem Funct 25: 259-266, 2007
24. Kuo PC, Abe K, Schroeder RA: Superoxide enhances interleukin 1 beta-mediated transcription of the hepatocyte-inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. Gastroenterology 118: 608-618, 2000
25. Lin CL, Shih HC, Dumont AS, Kassell NF, Lieu AS, Su YF, Hwong SL, Hsu C: The effect of 17 beta-estradiol in attenuating experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm. J Neurosurg 104: 298-304, 2006
26. Ma YL, Bryant HU, Zeng Q, Schmidt A, Jee WS, Sato M: Raloxifene and teriparatide (hPTH 1-34) have complementary effects on the osteopenic skeleton of ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Metab 23: 62-68, 2005
27. Macdonald R, Weir B: A review of hemoglobin and the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm. Stroke 22: 971-982, 1991
28. McGirt MJ, Parra A, Sheng H, Higuchi Y, Oury TD, Laskowitz DT, Pearlstein RD, Warner DS: Attenuation of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice overexpressing extracellular superoxide dismutase. Stroke 33: 2317-2323, 2002
29. Medele RJ, Stummer W, Reulen HJ, Steiger HJ: Evidence for peroxidative damage by nitric oxide in experimental chronic cerebral vasospasm. Neurol Res 18: 277-280, 1996
30. Merchenthaler I, Funkhouser JM, Carver JM, Lundeen SG, Ghosh K, Winneker RC: The effect of estrogens and antiestrogens in a rat model for hot flush. Maturitas 30: 307-316, 1998
31. Mitlak BH, Cohen FJ: In search of optimal long-term female hormone replacement: the potential of selective estrogen receptor modulators. Horm Res 48: 155-163, 1997
32. Mori-Abe A, Tsutsumi S, Takahashi K, Toya M, Yoshida M, Du B, Kawagoe J, Nakahara K, Takahashi T, Ohmichi M, Kurachi H: Estrogen and raloxifene induce apoptosis by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in synthetic vascular smooth muscle cells. J Endocrinol 178: 417-426, 2003
33. Ng WH, Moochhala S, Yeo TT, Ong PL, Ng PY: Nitric oxide and subarachnoid hemorrhage: elevated level in cerebrospinal fluid and their implications. Neurosurgery 49: 622-627, 2001
34. Pavo I, Laszlo F, Morschl E, Nemcsik J, Berko A, Cox DA, Laszlo FA: Raloxifene, an estrogen-receptor modulator, prevents decreased constitutive nitric oxide and vasoconstriction in ovariectomized rats. Eur J Pharmacol 410: 101-104, 2000
35. Pluta RM: Delayed cerebral vasospasm and nitric oxide: review, new hypothesis, and proposed treatment. Pharmacol Ther 105: 23-56, 2005
36. Purdie DW, Beardsworth SA: The selective oestrogen receptor modulation: evolution and clinical applications. Br J Clin Pharmacol 48: 785-792, 1999
37. Sayama T, Suzuki S, Fukui M: Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Neurol Res 21: 293-298, 1999
38. Sercombe R, Dinh YR, Gomis P: Cerebrovascular inflammation following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Jpn J Pharmacol 88: 227-249, 2002
39. Shih HC, Lin CL, Lee TY, Lee WS, Hsu C: 17beta-Estradiol inhibits subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression by interfering with the nuclear factor kappa B transactivation. Stroke 37: 3025-3031, 2006
40. Simoncini T, De Caterina R, Genazzani AR: Selective estrogen receptor modulators: different actions on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in human endothelial cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: 815-818, 1999
41. Suzuki S, Kassell NF, Lee KS: Hemin activation of an inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase in vascular smooth-muscle cells. J Neurosurg 83: 862-866, 1995
42. Suzuki Y, Osuka K, Noda A, Tanazawa T, Takayasu M, Shibuya M, Yoshida J: Nitric oxide metabolites in the cisternal cerebral spinal fluid of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 41: 807-812, 1997
43. Tsang SY, Yao X, Essin K, Wong CM, Chan FL, Gollasch M, Huang Y: Raloxifene relaxes rat cerebral arteries in vitro and inhibits L-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. Stroke 35: 1709-1714, 2004
44. Vollrath B, Cook D, Megyesi J, Findlay JM, Ohkuma H: Novel mechanism by which hemoglobin induces constriction of cerebral arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 361: 311-319, 1998
45. Wang X, Mori T, Sumii T, Lo EH: Hemoglobin-induced cytotoxicity in rat cerebral cortical neurons. Caspase activation and oxidative stress. Stroke 33: 1882-1888, 2002
46. Widenka DC, Medele RJ, Stummer W, Bise K, Steiger HJ: Inducible nitric oxide synthase: a possible key factor in the pathogenesis of chronic vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 90: 1098-1104, 1999
47. Woszczyk A, Deinsberger W, Boker DK: Nitric oxide metabolites in cisternal CSF correlate with cerebral vasospasm in patients with a subarachnoid haemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 145: 257-264, 2003
48. Zancan V, Santagati S, Bolego C, Vegeto E, Maggi A, Puglisi L: 17Beta-estradiol decreases nitric oxide synthase II synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Endocrinology 140: 2004-2009, 1999
49. Zeng Y, Yokohira M, Saoo K, Takeuchi H, Chen Y, Yamakawa K, Matsuda Y, Kakehi Y, Imaida K: Inhibition of prostate carcinogenesis in probasin/SV40 T antigen transgenic rats by raloxifene, an antiestrogen with anti-androgen action, but not nimesulide, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Carcinogenesis 26: 1109-1116, 2005