메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 60 A, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 11-31

On statistics of the free-troposphere synoptic component: An evaluation of skewnesses and mixed third-order moments contribution to the synoptic-scale dynamics and fluxes of heat and humidity

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADVECTION; EULERIAN ANALYSIS; GAUSSIAN METHOD; HUMIDITY; KINETIC ENERGY; LATENT HEAT FLUX; SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX; SKEWNESS; STORM TRACK; SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 37549039816     PISSN: 02806495     EISSN: 16000870     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2007.00276.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (126)
  • 2
    • 0042130519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primitive-equation based low-order model with seasonal cycle. Part I: Model construction
    • Achatz, U. and Opsteegh, J. D. 2003. Primitive-equation based low-order model with seasonal cycle. Part I: Model construction. J. Atmos. Sci. 60, 465-477.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 465-477
    • Achatz, U.1    Opsteegh, J.D.2
  • 3
    • 0029656562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The life cycle of a simulated marine cyclone: Energetics and PV diagnostics
    • Balasubramanian, G. and Yau M. K. 1996. The life cycle of a simulated marine cyclone: Energetics and PV diagnostics. J. Atmos. Sci. 53, 639-653
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 639-653
    • Balasubramanian, G.1    Yau, M.K.2
  • 4
    • 4143094904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can climate trends be calculated from reanalysis data?
    • Bengtsson, L., Hagemann, S. and Hodges, K. I. 2004. Can climate trends be calculated from reanalysis data? J. geophys. Res. 109, D11111.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Bengtsson, L.1    Hagemann, S.2    Hodges, K.I.3
  • 5
    • 8744265038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of the ERA40 reanalysis to the observing system: Determination of the global atmospheric circulation from reduced observations
    • Bengtsson, L., Hodges, K. I. and Hagemann, S. 2004. Sensitivity of the ERA40 reanalysis to the observing system: Determination of the global atmospheric circulation from reduced observations. Tellus 56A, 456-471.
    • (2004) Tellus , vol.56 A , pp. 456-471
    • Bengtsson, L.1    Hodges, K.I.2    Hagemann, S.3
  • 6
    • 0016984155 scopus 로고
    • A climatological spectral study of the 500 mb geopotential height of the Northern Hemisphere
    • Blackmon, M. 1976. A climatological spectral study of the 500 mb geopotential height of the Northern Hemisphere J. Atmos. Sci. 33, 1607-1623.
    • (1976) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.33 , pp. 1607-1623
    • Blackmon, M.1
  • 8
    • 0020969793 scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of transient eddy heat flux on a beta-plane
    • Branscome, L. 1983. A parameterization of transient eddy heat flux on a beta-plane. J. Atmos. Sci. 40, 2508-2521.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 2508-2521
    • Branscome, L.1
  • 9
    • 0028887095 scopus 로고
    • Organization of stormtrack anomalies by recurring low-frequency circulation anomalies
    • Branstator, G. 1995. Organization of stormtrack anomalies by recurring low-frequency circulation anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci. 52, 207-226.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 207-226
    • Branstator, G.1
  • 10
    • 0026273003 scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale cyclogenesis over the southwestern Ross Sea linked to strong katabatic winds
    • Bromwich, D. H. 1991. Mesoscale cyclogenesis over the southwestern Ross Sea linked to strong katabatic winds. Mon. Wea. Rev. 119, 1736-1752.
    • (1991) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.119 , pp. 1736-1752
    • Bromwich, D.H.1
  • 11
    • 0027868367 scopus 로고
    • Downstream development of baroclinic waves as inferred from regression analysis
    • Chang, E. 1993. Downstream development of baroclinic waves as inferred from regression analysis. J. Atmos. Sci. 50, 2038-2053.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 2038-2053
    • Chang, E.1
  • 12
    • 0027789653 scopus 로고
    • On the dynamics of a storm track
    • Chang, E. and Orlanski, I. 1993. On the dynamics of a storm track. J. Atmos. Sci. 50, 999-1015.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 999-1015
    • Chang, E.1    Orlanski, I.2
  • 14
    • 0035390251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origin of the subtropical anticyclones
    • Chen, P., Hoerling, M. P. and Dole, R. M. 2001. The origin of the subtropical anticyclones. J. Atmos. Sci. 58, 1827-1835
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 1827-1835
    • Chen, P.1    Hoerling, M.P.2    Dole, R.M.3
  • 15
    • 0000923185 scopus 로고
    • Faster determination of the intraseasonal variability of storm tracks using Murakami's recursive filter
    • Christoph, M., Ulbrich, U. and Haak, U. 1995. Faster determination of the intraseasonal variability of storm tracks using Murakami's recursive filter. Mon. Wea. Rev. 123, 578-581.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 578-581
    • Christoph, M.1    Ulbrich, U.2    Haak, U.3
  • 16
    • 18344394943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earth system models of intermediate complexity: Closing the gap in the spectrum of climate system models
    • and co-authors
    • Claussen, M., Mysak, L., Weaver, A., Crucifix, M., Fichefet, T. and co-authors. 2002. Earth system models of intermediate complexity: closing the gap in the spectrum of climate system models. Clim. Dyn. 18, 579-586.
    • (2002) Clim. Dyn. , vol.18 , pp. 579-586
    • Claussen, M.1    Mysak, L.2    Weaver, A.3    Crucifix, M.4    Fichefet, T.5
  • 17
    • 0035862128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the Siberian High in the Northern Hemisphere climate variability
    • Cohen, J., Saito, K. and Entekhabi, D. 2001. The role of the Siberian High in the Northern Hemisphere climate variability. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 299-302.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 299-302
    • Cohen, J.1    Saito, K.2    Entekhabi, D.3
  • 18
    • 3543007704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional climate change in Portugal: Precipitation variability associated with large-scale atmospheric circulation
    • Corte-Real, J., Qian, B. and Xu, H. 1998. Regional climate change in Portugal: Precipitation variability associated with large-scale atmospheric circulation. Int. J. Climatol. 18, 619-635.
    • (1998) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.18 , pp. 619-635
    • Corte-Real, J.1    Qian, B.2    Xu, H.3
  • 20
    • 0342378024 scopus 로고
    • Die Zirkulation der Atmosphäre in den gemässigten Breiten der Erde
    • Defant, A. 1921. Die Zirkulation der Atmosphäre in den gemässigten Breiten der Erde. Geogr. Ann. 3, 209-266.
    • (1921) Geogr. Ann. , vol.3 , pp. 209-266
    • Defant, A.1
  • 21
    • 1442266686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 15-year climatology of warm conveyor belts
    • and co-authors
    • Eckhardt, S., Stohl, A., Wernli, H., James, P., Forster, C., and co-authors. 2004. A 15-year climatology of warm conveyor belts. J. Climate 17, 218-237.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 218-237
    • Eckhardt, S.1    Stohl, A.2    Wernli, H.3    James, P.4    Forster, C.5
  • 22
    • 37549036153 scopus 로고
    • A statistical-dynamical model of the zonally averaged steady-state of the general circulation of the atmosphere
    • Egger, J. 1975. A statistical-dynamical model of the zonally averaged steady-state of the general circulation of the atmosphere. Tellus 27, 325-350.
    • (1975) Tellus , vol.27 , pp. 325-350
    • Egger, J.1
  • 23
    • 3042784381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bariclinic instability of a zero-PVE jet: Enhanced effects of moisture on the life cycle of midlatitude cyclones
    • Fantini, M. 2004. Bariclinic instability of a zero-PVE jet: Enhanced effects of moisture on the life cycle of midlatitude cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci. 61, 1296-1307.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 1296-1307
    • Fantini, M.1
  • 24
    • 0020330280 scopus 로고
    • The initial growth of disturbances in a baroclinic flow
    • Farrell, B. 1982. The initial growth of disturbances in a baroclinic flow. J. Atmos. Sci. 39, 1663-1686.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 1663-1686
    • Farrell, B.1
  • 25
    • 0021639725 scopus 로고
    • Modal and non-modal baroclinic waves
    • Farrell, B. 1984. Modal and non-modal baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 668-673.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 668-673
    • Farrell, B.1
  • 26
    • 0001612440 scopus 로고
    • A theory for the statistical equilibrium energy spectrum and heat flux produced by transient baroclinic waves
    • Farrell, B. and Ioannou, P. 1994. A theory for the statistical equilibrium energy spectrum and heat flux produced by transient baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sci. 51, 2685-2698.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 2685-2698
    • Farrell, B.1    Ioannou, P.2
  • 28
    • 0026483005 scopus 로고
    • Antarctic mesocyclone regimes from satellite and conventional data
    • Fitch, M. and Carleton, A. M. 1991. Antarctic mesocyclone regimes from satellite and conventional data. Tellus 44A, 180-196.
    • (1991) Tellus , vol.44 A , pp. 180-196
    • Fitch, M.1    Carleton, A.M.2
  • 29
    • 13244266684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-order stochastic mode reduction for a realistic barotropic model climate
    • Franzke, C., Majda, A. J. and Vanden-Eijnden, E. 2005. Low-order stochastic mode reduction for a realistic barotropic model climate. J. Atmos. Sci. 62, 1722-1745.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 1722-1745
    • Franzke, C.1    Majda, A.J.2    Vanden-Eijnden, E.3
  • 30
    • 0042385018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clustering of synoptic activity by Indian summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillations
    • Goswami, B. N., Ajayamohan, R. S., Xavier, P. K. and Sengupta, D. 2003. Clustering of synoptic activity by Indian summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 1431.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , pp. 1431
    • Goswami, B.N.1    Ajayamohan, R.S.2    Xavier, P.K.3    Sengupta, D.4
  • 31
    • 84984028569 scopus 로고
    • Transfer properties of the large-scale eddies and the general circulation of the atmosphere
    • Green, J. 1970. Transfer properties of the large-scale eddies and the general circulation of the atmosphere. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. 96, 157-185.
    • (1970) Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. , vol.96 , pp. 157-185
    • Green, J.1
  • 32
    • 0037106758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A turbulence closure for the convective boundary layer based on a two-scale mass-flux approach
    • Gryanik, V. and Hartmann, J. 2002. A turbulence closure for the convective boundary layer based on a two-scale mass-flux approach. J. Atmos. Sci. 59, 2729-2744.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 2729-2744
    • Gryanik, V.1    Hartmann, J.2
  • 33
    • 27344438276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A refinement of the Millionshchikov quasi-normality hypothesis for convective boundary layer turbulence
    • Gryanik, V. M., Hartmann, J., Raasch, S. and Schroeter, M. 2005. A refinement of the Millionshchikov quasi-normality hypothesis for convective boundary layer turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci. 62, 2632-2638.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 2632-2638
    • Gryanik, V.M.1    Hartmann, J.2    Raasch, S.3    Schroeter, M.4
  • 34
    • 0024224133 scopus 로고
    • A case study of explosive subsynoptic-scale cyclogenesis
    • Gyakim, J. R. and Barker, E. S. 1988. A case study of explosive subsynoptic-scale cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev. 116, 2225-2253.
    • (1988) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.116 , pp. 2225-2253
    • Gyakim, J.R.1    Barker, E.S.2
  • 35
    • 13244273680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed cyclone-anticyclone tropopause vortex asymmetries
    • Hakim, G. J. and Canavan, A. K. 2005. Observed cyclone-anticyclone tropopause vortex asymmetries. J. Atmos. Sci. 62, 231-240
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 231-240
    • Hakim, G.J.1    Canavan, A.K.2
  • 36
    • 0037104081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new surface model for cyclone-anticyclone asymmetry
    • Hakim, G. J., Snyder, C. and Muraki, D. J. 2002. A new surface model for cyclone-anticyclone asymmetry. J. Atmos. Sci. 59, 2405-2420.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 2405-2420
    • Hakim, G.J.1    Snyder, C.2    Muraki, D.J.3
  • 37
    • 0033610975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal climate variability in a coupled atmosphere-ocean climate model of moderate complexity
    • Handorf, D., Petoukhov, V. K., Dethloff, K., Eliseev, A. V., Weisheimer, A. and Mokhov, I. I. 1999. Decadal climate variability in a coupled atmosphere-ocean climate model of moderate complexity. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 27253-27275.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 27253-27275
    • Handorf, D.1    Petoukhov, V.K.2    Dethloff, K.3    Eliseev, A.V.4    Weisheimer, A.5    Mokhov, I.I.6
  • 38
    • 0025676687 scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale vortices in the Weddel Sea region (Antarctica)
    • Heinemann, G. 1990. Mesoscale vortices in the Weddel Sea region (Antarctica). Mon. Wea. Rev. 118, 779-793.
    • (1990) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.118 , pp. 779-793
    • Heinemann, G.1
  • 39
    • 0042178313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulations of topographically forced mesocyclones in the Weddel Sea and the Ross Sea region of Antarctica
    • Heinemann, G. and Klein, T. 2003. Simulations of topographically forced mesocyclones in the Weddel Sea and the Ross Sea region of Antarctica. Mon. Wea. Rev. 131, 302-316.
    • (2003) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.131 , pp. 302-316
    • Heinemann, G.1    Klein, T.2
  • 40
    • 0030512942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetric geopotential height fluctuations from symmetric winds
    • Holzer, M. 1996. Asymmetric geopotential height fluctuations from symmetric winds. J. Atmos. Sci. 53, 1361-1379.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 1361-1379
    • Holzer, M.1
  • 41
    • 0001112460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the existence and strength of the summer subtropical anticyclones-Bernhard Haurwitz memorial lecture
    • Hoskins, B. 1996. On the existence and strength of the summer subtropical anticyclones-Bernhard Haurwitz memorial lecture. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 77, 1287-1292.
    • (1996) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 1287-1292
    • Hoskins, B.1
  • 42
    • 0036326746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New perspectives on the Northern Hemisphere winter storm tracks
    • Hoskins, B. J. and Hodges, K. I. 2002. New perspectives on the Northern Hemisphere winter storm tracks. J. Atmos. Sci. 59, 1041-1061.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 1041-1061
    • Hoskins, B.J.1    Hodges, K.I.2
  • 43
    • 28244438410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New perspectives on the Southern Hemisphere winter storm tracks
    • Hoskins, B. J. and Hodges, K. I. 2005. New perspectives on the Southern Hemisphere winter storm tracks. J. Climate 18, 4108-4129.
    • (2005) J. Climate , vol.18 , pp. 4108-4129
    • Hoskins, B.J.1    Hodges, K.I.2
  • 45
    • 0035875278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The advection-diffusion problem for stratospheric flow. Part I: Concentration probability distribution function
    • Hu, Y. and Pierrehumbert, R. T. 2001. The advection-diffusion problem for stratospheric flow. Part I: Concentration probability distribution function. J. Atmos. Sci. 58, 1493-1510.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 1493-1510
    • Hu, Y.1    Pierrehumbert, R.T.2
  • 46
    • 84984060808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the global circulation in January and July 1980
    • In: (eds B. Hoskins and R. Pearse), Academic Press, New York
    • James, I. N. 2001. Some aspects of the global circulation in January and July 1980. In: Large-Scale Dynamical Processes in the Atmosphere. (eds B. Hoskins and R. Pearse), Academic Press, New York, 5-26.
    • (2001) Large-Scale Dynamical Processes in the Atmosphere , pp. 5-26
    • James, I.N.1
  • 47
    • 34347176058 scopus 로고
    • On the vertical structure of pressure and wind-fields
    • James, R. W. 1952. On the vertical structure of pressure and wind-fields. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 5, 17-35.
    • (1952) Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. , vol.5 , pp. 17-35
    • James, R.W.1
  • 48
    • 0037091173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active and break phases in the South American monsoon system
    • Jones, C. and Carvalho, L. M. V. 2002. Active and break phases in the South American monsoon system. J. Climate 15, 905-914.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 905-914
    • Jones, C.1    Carvalho, L.M.V.2
  • 49
    • 0027045425 scopus 로고
    • Extratropical forcing of tropical Pacific convection during northern winter
    • Kiladis, G. N. and Weickmann, K. M. 1992. Extratropical forcing of tropical Pacific convection during northern winter. Mon. Wea. Rev. 120, 1924-1938
    • (1992) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.120 , pp. 1924-1938
    • Kiladis, G.N.1    Weickmann, K.M.2
  • 50
    • 0002532957 scopus 로고
    • The Indian Ocean: Interaction with the monsoon
    • In: (eds J. S. Fein and P. L. Stephens), John Wiley, New York
    • Knox, R. 1987. The Indian Ocean: Interaction with the monsoon. In: Monsoons. (eds J. S. Fein and P. L. Stephens), John Wiley, New York, 365-398.
    • (1987) Monsoons , pp. 365-398
    • Knox, R.1
  • 51
    • 84891211683 scopus 로고
    • The structure of isotropic turbulence at very high Reynolds numbers
    • Kraichnan, R. H. 1959. The structure of isotropic turbulence at very high Reynolds numbers. J. Fluid Mech. 5, 497-543.
    • (1959) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.5 , pp. 497-543
    • Kraichnan, R.H.1
  • 52
    • 0034121221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear geostrophic adjustment, cyclone/anticyclone asymmetry, and potential vorticity rearrangement
    • Kuo, A. C. and Polvani, L. M. 2000. Nonlinear geostrophic adjustment, cyclone/anticyclone asymmetry, and potential vorticity rearrangement. Phys. Fluids 12, 1087-1100.
    • (2000) Phys. Fluids , vol.12 , pp. 1087-1100
    • Kuo, A.C.1    Polvani, L.M.2
  • 53
    • 0014840810 scopus 로고
    • A statistical-dynamical model of the general circulation of the atmosphere
    • Kurihara, Y. 1970. A statistical-dynamical model of the general circulation of the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 27, 847-870.
    • (1970) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 847-870
    • Kurihara, Y.1
  • 54
    • 0004168443 scopus 로고
    • Cambrige Univ. Press, London
    • Lamb, H. 1975 Hydrodynamics, Cambrige Univ. Press, London.
    • (1975) Hydrodynamics
    • Lamb, H.1
  • 55
    • 4344659572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of moisture in the dynamics and energetics of turbulent baroclinic eddies
    • Lapeyre, G. and Held, I. M. 2004. The role of moisture in the dynamics and energetics of turbulent baroclinic eddies. J. Atmos. Sci. 61, 1693-1710.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 1693-1710
    • Lapeyre, G.1    Held, I.M.2
  • 56
    • 0029529786 scopus 로고
    • Eddy amplitudes and fluxes in a homogeneous model of fully developed baroclinic instability
    • Larichev, V. D. and Held, I. M. 1995. Eddy amplitudes and fluxes in a homogeneous model of fully developed baroclinic instability. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25, 2285-2297.
    • (1995) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.25 , pp. 2285-2297
    • Larichev, V.D.1    Held, I.M.2
  • 57
    • 0018721523 scopus 로고
    • The structure and energetics of the transient disturbances in the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation
    • Lau, N.-C. 1979. The structure and energetics of the transient disturbances in the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation. J. Atmos. Sci. 36, 982-995.
    • (1979) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 982-995
    • Lau, N.-C.1
  • 58
    • 0000088252 scopus 로고
    • Variability of the observed midlatitude storm tracks in relation to low-frequency changes in the circulation pattern
    • Lau, N.-C. 1988. Variability of the observed midlatitude storm tracks in relation to low-frequency changes in the circulation pattern. J. Atmos. Sci. 45, 2718-2743.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 2718-2743
    • Lau, N.-C.1
  • 59
    • 0018720882 scopus 로고
    • On the distribution of horizontal transports by transient eddies in the northern hemisphere wintertime circulation
    • Lau, N.-C. and Wallace, J. 1979. On the distribution of horizontal transports by transient eddies in the northern hemisphere wintertime circulation. J. Atmos. Sci. 36, 1844-1861.
    • (1979) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 1844-1861
    • Lau, N.-C.1    Wallace, J.2
  • 61
    • 0018706283 scopus 로고
    • Forced and free variations of weather and climate
    • Lorenz, E. 1979. Forced and free variations of weather and climate. J. Atmos. Sci. 36, 1367-1376.
    • (1979) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 1367-1376
    • Lorenz, E.1
  • 62
    • 0035513347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eddy-zonal flow feedback in the Southern Hemisphere
    • Lorenz, D. J. and Hartmann, D. L. 2001. Eddy-zonal flow feedback in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 58, 3312-3327.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 3312-3327
    • Lorenz, D.J.1    Hartmann, D.L.2
  • 64
    • 0042872905 scopus 로고
    • Synoptic-scale disturbances in the summer monsoon
    • In: (eds C. P. Chang and T. N. Krishnamurti), Oxford University Press, New York
    • Mak, M. 1987. Synoptic-scale disturbances in the summer monsoon. In: Monsoon Meteorology. (eds C. P. Chang and T. N. Krishnamurti), Oxford University Press, New York, 435-460.
    • (1987) Monsoon Meteorology. , pp. 435-460
    • Mak, M.1
  • 66
    • 0031827175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spirals in potential vorticity. Part I: Measures of structure
    • Methven, J. and Hoskins, B. 1998. Spirals in potential vorticity. Part I: Measures of structure. J. Atmos. Sci. 55, 2053-2066.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 2053-2066
    • Methven, J.1    Hoskins, B.2
  • 67
    • 4143098053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency variability of the statistical moments of sea surface winds
    • Monahan, A. H. 2004. Low-frequency variability of the statistical moments of sea surface winds. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L10302.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.31
    • Monahan, A.H.1
  • 68
    • 33645236015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The probability distribution of sea surface wind speeds. Part I: Theory and SeaWinds observations
    • Monahan, A. H. 2006a. The probability distribution of sea surface wind speeds. Part I: Theory and SeaWinds observations. J. Climate 19, 497-520.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 497-520
    • Monahan, A.H.1
  • 69
    • 33645230597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The probability distribution of sea surface wind speeds. Part II: Dataset intercomparison and seasonal variability
    • Monahan, A. H. 2006b. The probability distribution of sea surface wind speeds. Part II: Dataset intercomparison and seasonal variability. J. Climate 19, 521-534.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 521-534
    • Monahan, A.H.1
  • 72
    • 0035505088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclolysis: A diagnosis of two extratropical cyclones
    • Morris, W. E. and Smith, P. J. 2001. Cyclolysis: A diagnosis of two extratropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev. 129, 2714-2729.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 2714-2729
    • Morris, W.E.1    Smith, P.J.2
  • 73
    • 0000177053 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale aspects of deep convective activity over the GATE area
    • Murakami, M. 1979. Large-scale aspects of deep convective activity over the GATE area. Mon. Wea. Rev. 107, 994-1013.
    • (1979) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.107 , pp. 994-1013
    • Murakami, M.1
  • 74
    • 1642614757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variations in the Southern Hemisphere storm tracks and jet streams as revealed in a reanalysis dataset
    • Nakamura, H. and Shimpo, A. 2004. Seasonal variations in the Southern Hemisphere storm tracks and jet streams as revealed in a reanalysis dataset. J. Climate 17, 1828-1844.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 1828-1844
    • Nakamura, H.1    Shimpo, A.2
  • 75
    • 0010375970 scopus 로고
    • Energy transfer in a normally distributed and isotropic turbulent velocity field in two dimensions
    • Ogura, Y. 1962. Energy transfer in a normally distributed and isotropic turbulent velocity field in two dimensions. Phys. Fluids 5, 395-401.
    • (1962) Phys. Fluids , vol.5 , pp. 395-401
    • Ogura, Y.1
  • 77
    • 0018701952 scopus 로고
    • A diagnostic study of the time -mean atmosphere over the northwestern Europe during winter
    • Opsteegh, J. and van den Dool, H. 1979. A diagnostic study of the time -mean atmosphere over the northwestern Europe during winter. J. Atmos. Sci. 36, 1862-1879.
    • (1979) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 1862-1879
    • Opsteegh, J.1    van den Dool, H.2
  • 78
    • 0034318938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The life cycle of baroclinic eddies in a storm track environment
    • Orlanski, I. and Gross, B. 2000. The life cycle of baroclinic eddies in a storm track environment. J. Atmos. Sci. 57, 3498-3513.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 3498-3513
    • Orlanski, I.1    Gross, B.2
  • 80
    • 0001797041 scopus 로고
    • Chaos and the predictability in forecasting the monsoons
    • Palmer, T. N. 1994. Chaos and the predictability in forecasting the monsoons. Proc. Indian. Nat. Sci. Acad., Part A 60, 57-66.
    • (1994) Nat. Sci. Acad., Part A , vol.60 , pp. 57-66
    • Palmer, T.N.1
  • 81
    • 0030481938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diffusive approximation for eddy fluxes in baroclinically unstable jets
    • Pavan, V. and Held, I. 1996. The diffusive approximation for eddy fluxes in baroclinically unstable jets. J. Atmos. Sci. 53, 1262-1272.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 1262-1272
    • Pavan, V.1    Held, I.2
  • 83
    • 12444327767 scopus 로고
    • Zonal climatic model of heat and moisture exchange in the atmosphere over underlying layer
    • In: (eds E. Nikiforov and V. Ph. Romanov), Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad
    • Petoukhov, V. 1980. Zonal climatic model of heat and moisture exchange in the atmosphere over underlying layer. In: Studies of Eddy Dynamics, Atmospheric Energetics and the Problem of Climate, (eds E. Nikiforov and V. Ph. Romanov), Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad. 8-41.
    • (1980) Studies of Eddy Dynamics, Atmospheric Energetics and the Problem of Climate , pp. 8-41
    • Petoukhov, V.1
  • 85
    • 0033957109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CLIMBER-2: A climate system model of intermediate complexity. Part I: Model description and performance for present climate
    • co-authors
    • Petoukhov, V., Ganopolski, A., Brovkin, V., Claussen, M., Eliseev, A., and co-authors. 2000. CLIMBER-2: A climate system model of intermediate complexity. Part I: Model description and performance for present climate. Clim. Dyn. 16, 1-17.
    • (2000) Clim. Dyn. , vol.16 , pp. 1-17
    • Petoukhov, V.1    Ganopolski, A.2    Brovkin, V.3    Claussen, M.4    Eliseev, A.5
  • 86
    • 0042919291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • POTSDAM-a set of atmosphere statistical-dynamical models: Theoretical background
    • Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung, Potsdam
    • Petoukhov, V., Ganopolski, A. and Claussen, M. 2003. POTSDAM-a set of atmosphere statistical-dynamical models: Theoretical background, Tech. Rep. PIK Rep. 81, Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung, Potsdam.
    • (2003) Tech. Rep. PIK Rep. , vol.81
    • Petoukhov, V.1    Ganopolski, A.2    Claussen, M.3
  • 88
    • 0002303928 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the general circulation of the atmosphere
    • Petterssen, S. 1950. Some aspects of the general circulation of the atmosphere. Cent. Proc. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 17, 120-155.
    • (1950) Cent. Proc. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.17 , pp. 120-155
    • Petterssen, S.1
  • 89
    • 84963203720 scopus 로고
    • Chaotic mixing of tracer and vorticity by modulated traveling Rossby waves
    • Pierrehumbert, R. T. 1991. Chaotic mixing of tracer and vorticity by modulated traveling Rossby waves. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 58, 285-320.
    • (1991) Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. , vol.58 , pp. 285-320
    • Pierrehumbert, R.T.1
  • 91
    • 0026300498 scopus 로고
    • Phase speed spectra of transient eddy fluxes and critical layer absorption
    • Randel, W. and Held, I. 1991. Phase speed spectra of transient eddy fluxes and critical layer absorption. J. Atmos. Sci. 48, 688-697.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 688-697
    • Randel, W.1    Held, I.2
  • 92
    • 0027042585 scopus 로고
    • A second-order bulk boundary-layer model
    • Randall, D. A., Shao, Q. and Moeng, C.-H. 1992. A second-order bulk boundary-layer model. J. Atmos. Sci. 49, 1903-1923.
    • (1992) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 1903-1923
    • Randall, D.A.1    Shao, Q.2    Moeng, C.-H.3
  • 93
    • 0016519236 scopus 로고
    • Waves and turbulence on a beta-plane
    • Rhines, P. B. 1975. Waves and turbulence on a beta-plane. J. Fluid Mech. 69, 417-443.
    • (1975) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.69 , pp. 417-443
    • Rhines, P.B.1
  • 95
    • 0031465842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linear versus self-sustained interdecadeal thermochaline variability in a coupled box model
    • Rivin, I. and Tziperman, E. 1997. Linear versus self-sustained interdecadeal thermochaline variability in a coupled box model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 27, 1216-1232.
    • (1997) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.27 , pp. 1216-1232
    • Rivin, I.1    Tziperman, E.2
  • 96
    • 0035428678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtropical anticyclones and summer monsoons
    • Rodwell, M. J. and Hoskins, B. J. 2001. Subtropical anticyclones and summer monsoons. J. Climate 14, 3192-3211.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 3192-3211
    • Rodwell, M.J.1    Hoskins, B.J.2
  • 98
    • 0004330883 scopus 로고
    • A survey of statistical-dynamical models of the terrestrial climate
    • Saltzman, B. 1978. A survey of statistical-dynamical models of the terrestrial climate. Adv. Geophys. 20, 183-304.
    • (1978) Adv. Geophys. , vol.20 , pp. 183-304
    • Saltzman, B.1
  • 99
    • 0015017813 scopus 로고
    • An equilibrium solution for the axially symmetric component of the Earth's macroclimate
    • Saltzman, B. and Vernekar, A. 1971. An equilibrium solution for the axially symmetric component of the Earth's macroclimate. J. geophys. Res. 76, 1498-1524.
    • (1971) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 1498-1524
    • Saltzman, B.1    Vernekar, A.2
  • 100
    • 37549027886 scopus 로고
    • The meridional eddy transport of kinetic energy at 500 mbar
    • Saltzman, B., Guttoso, R. and Fleisher, A. 1961. The meridional eddy transport of kinetic energy at 500 mbar. Tellus, 13, 293-295.
    • (1961) Tellus , vol.13 , pp. 293-295
    • Saltzman, B.1    Guttoso, R.2    Fleisher, A.3
  • 101
    • 0033970399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of parameterisations for the meridional energy and moisture transport used in simple climate models
    • Schmittner, A., Appenzeller, C. and Stocker, T. 2000. Validation of parameterisations for the meridional energy and moisture transport used in simple climate models. Clim. Dyn. 16, 63-77.
    • (2000) Clim. Dyn. , vol.16 , pp. 63-77
    • Schmittner, A.1    Appenzeller, C.2    Stocker, T.3
  • 102
    • 0017425958 scopus 로고
    • Realizability of Reynolds-stress turbulence models
    • Schumann, U. 1977. Realizability of Reynolds-stress turbulence models. Phys. Fluids. 20, 721-725.
    • (1977) Phys. Fluids. , vol.20 , pp. 721-725
    • Schumann, U.1
  • 103
    • 0034463680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size changes over the life of sea level cyclones in the NCEP reanalysis
    • Simmonds, I. 2000. Size changes over the life of sea level cyclones in the NCEP reanalysis. Mon. Wea. Rev. 128, 4118-4125
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 4118-4125
    • Simmonds, I.1
  • 104
    • 0033938129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean Southern Hemisphere extratropical cyclone behavior in the 40-year NCEP-NCAR reanalysis
    • Simmonds, I. and Keay, K. 2000. Mean Southern Hemisphere extratropical cyclone behavior in the 40-year NCEP-NCAR reanalysis. J. Climate 13, 873-885
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 873-885
    • Simmonds, I.1    Keay, K.2
  • 105
    • 1342323287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-40 project plan
    • European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting, Reading
    • Simmons, A. and Gibson, J. 2000. The ERA-40 project plan. ERA-40 Project Rep. Ser. 1, European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting, Reading.
    • (2000) ERA-40 Project Rep. Ser. , vol.1
    • Simmons, A.1    Gibson, J.2
  • 106
    • 0000179441 scopus 로고
    • The life cycles of some nonlinear baroclinic waves
    • Simmons, A. J. and Hoskins, B. J. 1978. The life cycles of some nonlinear baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sci. 35, 414-432.
    • (1978) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 414-432
    • Simmons, A.J.1    Hoskins, B.J.2
  • 107
    • 0000179440 scopus 로고
    • Barotropic influences on the growth and decay of nonlinear baroclinic waves
    • Simmons, A. J. and Hoskins, B. J. 1980. Barotropic influences on the growth and decay of nonlinear baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sci. 37, 1679-1684.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 1679-1684
    • Simmons, A.J.1    Hoskins, B.J.2
  • 108
    • 0031225180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obvjective identification of cyclones and their circulation intensity, and climatology
    • Sinclair, M. R. 1997. Obvjective identification of cyclones and their circulation intensity, and climatology. J. Atmos. Sci. 12, 595-612.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.12 , pp. 595-612
    • Sinclair, M.R.1
  • 109
    • 0033501201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective assessment of extratropical weather systems in simulated climates
    • Sinclair, M. R. and Watterson, I. G. 1999. Objective assessment of extratropical weather systems in simulated climates. J. Climate, 12, 3467-3485.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 3467-3485
    • Sinclair, M.R.1    Watterson, I.G.2
  • 110
    • 37549022124 scopus 로고
    • Parametric study of large-scale eddy properties. part I: Eddy fluxes
    • Srivatsangam, S. 1978. Parametric study of large-scale eddy properties. part I: Eddy fluxes. J. Atmos. Sci. 35, 1212-1219.
    • (1978) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 1212-1219
    • Srivatsangam, S.1
  • 111
    • 0018207915 scopus 로고
    • Baroclinic adjustment
    • Stone, P. 1978. Baroclinic adjustment. J. Atmos. Sci. 35, 561-571.
    • (1978) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 561-571
    • Stone, P.1
  • 112
    • 20444461505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiplicative noise and non-gaussianity: A paradigm for atmospheric regimes?
    • Sura, P., Newman, M., Penland, C., and Sardeshmukh, P. 2005. Multiplicative noise and non-gaussianity: A paradigm for atmospheric regimes?. J. Atmos. Sci. 62, 1391-1409.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 1391-1409
    • Sura, P.1    Newman, M.2    Penland, C.3    Sardeshmukh, P.4
  • 113
    • 0001482258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower-tropospheric heat transport in the Pacific storm track
    • Swanson, K. and Pierrehumbert, R. 1997. Lower-tropospheric heat transport in the Pacific storm track. J. Atmos. Sci. 54, 1533-1543.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.54 , pp. 1533-1543
    • Swanson, K.1    Pierrehumbert, R.2
  • 114
    • 0031426327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the location of the intertropical convergence zone and near-equatorial convection: The role of internal instability
    • Tomas, R. and Webster, P. J. 1997. On the location of the intertropical convergence zone and near-equatorial convection: The role of internal instability. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. 123, 1445-1482.
    • (1997) Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. , vol.123 , pp. 1445-1482
    • Tomas, R.1    Webster, P.J.2
  • 115
    • 0026278746 scopus 로고
    • Storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere
    • Trenberth, K. 1991. Storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 48, 2159-2178.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 2159-2178
    • Trenberth, K.1
  • 116
    • 32444438149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatology and interannual variability of storm-tracks in the Euro-Atlantic sector: A comparison between ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses
    • Trigo, I. F. 2006. Climatology and interannual variability of storm-tracks in the Euro-Atlantic sector: A comparison between ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. Clim. Dyn. 26, 127-143.
    • (2006) Clim. Dyn. , vol.26 , pp. 127-143
    • Trigo, I.F.1
  • 117
    • 0024191590 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between cyclone tracks, anticyclone tracks, and baroclinic waveguides
    • Wallace, J., Lim, G. and Blackmon, M. 1988. Relationship between cyclone tracks, anticyclone tracks, and baroclinic waveguides. J. Atmos. Sci. 45, 439-462.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 439-462
    • Wallace, J.1    Lim, G.2    Blackmon, M.3
  • 118
    • 0031429921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between large-scale vertical velocity, static stability, and cloud radiative forcing over the Northern Hemisphere extratropical latitudes
    • Weaver, C. and Ramanathan, V. 1997. Relationships between large-scale vertical velocity, static stability, and cloud radiative forcing over the Northern Hemisphere extratropical latitudes. J. Climate 10, 2871-2887.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 2871-2887
    • Weaver, C.1    Ramanathan, V.2
  • 119
    • 0032577958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monsoons: Processes, predictability, and the prospects for prediction
    • and co-authors
    • Webster, P. J., Magana, V. O., Palmer, T. N., Shukla, J., Tomas, R. A., and co-authors. 1998. Monsoons: Processes, predictability, and the prospects for prediction. J. geophys. Res. 103, 14451-14510.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 14451-14510
    • Webster, P.J.1    Magana, V.O.2    Palmer, T.N.3    Shukla, J.4    Tomas, R.A.5
  • 120
    • 0032052422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear baroclinic adjustment and wave number selection in a simple case
    • Welch, W. and Tung, K.-K. 1998a. Nonlinear baroclinic adjustment and wave number selection in a simple case. J. Atmos. Sci. 55, 1285-1302.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 1285-1302
    • Welch, W.1    Tung, K.-K.2
  • 121
    • 0032454226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the equilibrium spectrum of transient waves in the atmosphere
    • Welch, W. and Tung, K.-K. 1998b. On the equilibrium spectrum of transient waves in the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 55, 2833-2851.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 2833-2851
    • Welch, W.1    Tung, K.-K.2
  • 122
    • 0031835110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A linear theory of extratropical synoptic eddy statistics
    • Whitaker, J. S. and Sardeshmukh, P. D. 1998. A linear theory of extratropical synoptic eddy statistics. J. Atmos. Sci. 55, 237-258.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 237-258
    • Whitaker, J.S.1    Sardeshmukh, P.D.2
  • 123
    • 0001113957 scopus 로고
    • Skewness, kurtosis and extreme values of northern hemisphere geopotential heights
    • White, G. 1980. Skewness, kurtosis and extreme values of northern hemisphere geopotential heights. Mon. Wea. Rev. 108, 1446-1455.
    • (1980) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.108 , pp. 1446-1455
    • White, G.1
  • 124
    • 34250419566 scopus 로고
    • Vorticity, divergence and vertical velocity in a baroclinic boundary layer with a linear variation of the geostrophic wind
    • Wiin-Nielsen, A. 1974. Vorticity, divergence and vertical velocity in a baroclinic boundary layer with a linear variation of the geostrophic wind. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 6, 459-476.
    • (1974) Boundary-Layer Meteorol. , vol.6 , pp. 459-476
    • Wiin-Nielsen, A.1
  • 125
    • 0042822663 scopus 로고
    • A mean motion model of the general circulation
    • Williams, G. and Davies, D. 1965. A mean motion model of the general circulation. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. 91, 471-489.
    • (1965) Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. , vol.91 , pp. 471-489
    • Williams, G.1    Davies, D.2
  • 126
    • 0033208555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A linear stochastic model of a GCM's midlatitude storm tracks
    • Zhang, Y. and Held, I. 1999. A linear stochastic model of a GCM's midlatitude storm tracks. J. Atmos. Sci. 56, 3416-3435.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 3416-3435
    • Zhang, Y.1    Held, I.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.