What are the best outcome measurements for atopic eczema? A systematic review

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Volumn 120, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 1389-1398

  Schmitt, Jochen ^a   Langan, Sinead ^b   Williams, Hywel C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL CARL GUSTAV CARUS   (Germany)

^b QUEEN S MEDICAL CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Atopic eczema; clinical research; evidence based medicine; outcome measurement; reliability; severity of illness index; validity

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATOPIC DERMATITIS; BASIC CLINICAL SCORING SYSTEM; ECZEMA AREA AND SEVERITY INDEX; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; INVESTIGATORS' GLOBAL ATOPIC DERMATITIS ASSESSMENT; NOTTINGHAM ECZEMA SEVERITY SCORE; OBJECTIVE SEVERITY ASSESSMENT OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT ORIENTED ECZEMA MEASURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RATING SCALE; SCORING SYSTEM; SEVERITY SCORING OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS INDEX; SIX AREA, SIX SIGN ATOPIC DERMATITIS SEVERITY SCORE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TEST RETEST RELIABILITY; THREE ITEM SEVERITY SCORE; VALIDITY;

DERMATITIS, ATOPIC; HUMANS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE);

EID: 36749100164     PISSN: 00916749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.08.011     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Williams H.C. Clinical practice. Atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med 352 (2005) 2314-2324
2. Leung D.Y., and Bieber T. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet 361 (2003) 151-160
3. Carroll C.L., Balkrishnan R., Feldman S.R., Fleischer Jr. A.B., and Manuel J.C. The burden of atopic dermatitis: impact on the patient, family, and society. Pediatr Dermatol 22 (2005) 192-199
4. Chren M.M. Giving "scale" new meaning in dermatology: measurement matters. Arch Dermatol 136 (2000) 788-790
5. Charman C., Chambers C., and Williams H. Measuring atopic dermatitis severity in randomized controlled clinical trials: what exactly are we measuring?. J Invest Dermatol 120 (2003) 932-941
6. Schmitt J., Schmitt N.M., and Meurer M. Cyclosporin in the treatment of patients with atopic eczema-a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21 (2007) 606-619
7. Charman C., and Williams H. Outcome measures of disease severity in atopic eczema. Arch Dermatol 136 (2000) 763-769
8. Streiner D.L., and Norman G.R. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use. 2nd ed. (1995), Oxford University Press, New York
9. Kline R.B. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 2nd ed. (2005), The Guilford Press, New York
10. Rosner B. Fundamentals of Biostatistics. 5th ed. (2000), Duxbury, Pacific Grove (CA)
11. Stata C. Stata statistical software: release 8.0 (2002), Stata Corporation, College Station (TX)
12. Charman D.P., and Varigos G.A. Grades of severity and the validation of an atopic dermatitis assessment measure (ADAM). J Outcome Meas 3 (1999) 162-175
13. Charman D., Varigos G., Horne D.J.d.L., and Oberklaid F. The development of a practical and reliable assessment measure for atopic dermatitis (ADAM). J Outcome Meas 3 (1999) 21-34
14. Bahmer F.A. ADASI score: atopic dermatitis area and severity index. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 176 (1992) 32-33
15. Bahmer F.A., Schafer J., and Schubert H.J. Quantification of the extent and the severity of atopic dermatitis: the ADASI score. Arch Dermatol 127 (1991) 1239-1240
16. Schneider R. Grading of the severity of atopic dermatitis-a comparative study (1994), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar (Germany)
17. Van Leent E.J., Graber M., Thurston M., Wagenaar A., Spuls P.I., and Bos J.D. Effectiveness of the ascomycin macrolactam SDZ ASM 981 in the topical treatment of atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 134 (1998) 805-809
18. Verwimp J.J.M., Bindels J.G., Barents M., and Heymans H.S.A. Symptomatology and growth in infants with cow's milk protein intolerance using two different whey-protein hydrolisate based formulas in a primary health care setting. Eur J Clin Nutr 49 suppl (1995) S39-S48
19. Sprikkelman A.B., Tupker R.A., Burgerhof H., Schouten J.P., Brand P.L., Heymans H.S., et al. Severity scoring of atopic dermatitis: a comparison of three scoring systems. Allergy 52 (1997) 944-949
20. Tofte S.J., Graeber M., Cherill R., Omoto M., Thurston M., and Hanifin J.M. Eczema area and severity index (EASI): a new tool to evaluate atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 11 suppl 2 (1998) S197
21. Hanifin J.M., Thurston M., Omoto M., Cherill R., Tofte S.J., and Graeber M. The eczema area and severity index (EASI): assessment of reliability in atopic dermatitis. EASI Evaluator Group. Exp Dermatol 10 (2001) 11-18
22. Barbier N., Paul C., Luger T., Allen R., De Prost Y., Papp K., et al. Validation of the Eczema Area and Severity Index for atopic dermatitis in a cohort of 1550 patients from the pimecrolimus cream 1% randomized controlled clinical trials programme. Br J Dermatol 150 (2004) 96-102
23. Staab D., Kaufmann R., Brautigam M., and Wahn U. Treatment of infants with atopic eczema with pimecrolimus cream 1% improves parents' quality of life: a multicenter, randomized trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 16 (2005) 527-533
24. Breuer K., Braeutigam M., Kapp A., and Werfel T. Influence of pimecrolimus cream 1% on different morphological signs of eczema in infants with atopic dermatitis. Dermatology 209 (2004) 314-320
25. Belloni G., Pinelli S., and Veraldi S. A randomised, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MAS063D (Atopiclair) in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. Eur J Dermatol 15 (2005) 31-36
26. Mastrandrea F., Pecora S., Scatena C., and Cadario G. Methodology and potential pitfalls in allergic diseases study designs: measurements for the assessment of the overall severity of atopic dermatitis-the four step severity score (FSSS), SCORAD-related, electronic system, for the simple and rapid evaluation of the skin and mucosal allergic inflammation. Allerg Immunol (Paris) 37 (2005) 357-361
27. Schachner L.A., Lamerson C., Sheehan M.P., Boguniewicz M., Mosser J., Raimer S., et al. Tacrolimus ointment 0.03% is safe and effective for the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients: results from a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study. Pediatrics 116 (2005) e334-e342
28. Berth-Jones J., and Graham-Brown R.A. Placebo-controlled trial of essential fatty acid supplementation in atopic dermatitis. Lancet 341 (1993) 1557-1560
29. Emerson R.M., Charman C.R., and Williams H.C. The Nottingham Eczema Severity Score: preliminary refinement of the Rajka and Langeland grading. Br J Dermatol 142 (2000) 288-297
30. Hon K.L., Leung T.F., Ma K.C., Li A.M., Wong Y., Li C.Y., et al. Urinary leukotriene E4 correlates with severity of atopic dermatitis in children. Clin Exp Dermatol 29 (2004) 277-281
31. Hon K.L., Kam W.Y., Lam M.C., Leung T.F., and Ng P.C. CDLQI, SCORAD and NESS: are they correlated?. Qual Life Res 15 (2006) 1551-1558
32. Hon K.L., Ma K.C., Wong E., Leung T.F., Wong Y., and Fok T.F. Validation of a self-administered questionnaire in Chinese in the assessment of eczema severity. Pediatr Dermatol 20 (2003) 465-469
33. Jenner N., Campbell J., and Marks R. Morbidity and cost of atopic eczema in Australia. Australas J Dermatol 45 (2004) 16-22
34. Sugarman J.L., Fluhr J.W., Fowler A.J., Bruckner T., Diepgen T.L., and Williams M.L. The objective severity assessment of atopic dermatitis score: an objective measure using permeability barrier function and stratum corneum hydration with computer-assisted estimates for extent of disease. Arch Dermatol 139 (2003) 1417-1422
35. Angelova-Fischer I., Bauer A., Hipler U.C., Petrov I., Kazandjieva J., Bruckner T., et al. The Objective Severity Assessment of Atopic Dermatitis (OSAAD) score: validity, reliability and sensitivity in adult patients with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 153 (2005) 767-773
36. Charman C.R., Venn A.J., and Williams H.C. The patient-oriented eczema measure: development and initial validation of a new tool for measuring atopic eczema severity from the patients' perspective. Arch Dermatol 140 (2004) 1513-1519
37. Rajka G., and Langeland T. Grading of the severity of atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 144 (1989) 13-14
38. Charman C.R., Venn A.J., and Williams H.C. Measurement of body surface area involvement in atopic eczema: an impossible task?. Br J Dermatol 140 (1999) 109-111
39. Housman T.S., Patel M.J., Camacho F., Feldman S.R., Fleischer Jr. A.B., and Balkrishnan R. Use of the Self-Administered Eczema Area and Severity Index by parent caregivers: results of a validation study. Br J Dermatol 147 (2002) 1192-1198
40. Balkrishnan R., Housman T.S., Carroll C., Feldman S.R., and Fleischer A.B. Disease severity and associated family impact in childhood atopic dermatitis. Arch Dis Child 88 (2003) 423-427
41. Berth-Jones J. Six area, six sign atopic dermatitis (SASSAD) severity score: a simple system for monitoring disease activity in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 135 suppl 48 (1996) 25-30
42. Charman C.R., Venn A.J., and Williams H.C. Reliability testing of the Six Area, Six Sign Atopic Dermatitis severity score. Br J Dermatol 146 (2002) 1057-1060
43. Sowden J.M., Berth-Jones J., Ross J.S., Motley R.J., Marks R., Finlay A.Y., et al. Double-blind, controlled, crossover study of cyclosporin in adults with severe refractory atopic dermatitis. Lancet 338 (1991) 137-140
44. Severity scoring of atopic dermatitis. the SCORAD index. Consensus Report of the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis. Dermatology 186 (1993) 23-31
45. Ben Gashir M.A., Seed P.T., and Hay R.J. Quality of life and disease severity are correlated in children with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 150 (2004) 284-290
46. Wolkerstorfer A., de Waard van der Spek F.B., Glazenburg E.J., Mulder P.G.H., and Oranje A.P. Scoring the severity of atopic dermatitis: three item severity score as a rough system for daily practice and as a pre-screening tool for studies. Acta Derm Venereol 79 (1999) 356-359
47. Oranje A.P., Stalder J.F., Taieb A., Tasset C., and de Longueville M. Scoring of atopic dermatitis by SCORAD using a training atlas by investigators from different disciplines. ETAC Study Group. Early Treatment of the Atopic Child. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 8 (1997) 28-34
48. Kunz B., Oranje A.P., Labreze L., Stalder J.F., Ring J., and Taieb A. Clinical validation and guidelines for the SCORAD index: consensus report of the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis. Dermatology 195 (1997) 10-19
49. Hon K.L., Leung T.F., Wong Y., and Fok T.F. Lesson from performing SCORADs in children with atopic dermatitis: subjective symptoms do not correlate well with disease extent or intensity. Int J Dermatol 45 (2006) 728-730
50. Pucci N., Novembre E., Cammarata M.G., Bernardini R., Monaco M.G., Calogero C., et al. Scoring atopic dermatitis in infants and young children: distinctive features of the SCORAD index. Allergy 60 (2005) 113-116
51. Charman C.R., Venn A.J., and Williams H. Measuring atopic eczema severity visually: which variables are most important to patients?. Arch Dermatol 141 (2005) 1146-1151
52. Kagi M.K., Joller-Jemelka H., and Wuthrich B. Correlation of eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein and soluble interleukin-2 receptor with the clinical activity of atopic dermatitis. Dermatology 185 (1992) 88-92
53. Costa C., Rilliet A., Nicolet M., and Saurat J.H. Scoring atopic dermatitis: the simpler the better?. Acta Derm Venereol 69 (1989) 41-45
54. van Joost T., Heule F., Korstanje M., van den Broek M.J., Stenveld H.J., and van Vloten W.A. Cyclosporin in atopic dermatitis: a multicentre placebo-controlled study. Br J Dermatol 130 (1994) 634-640
55. Silny W., Czarnecka-Operacz M., and Silny P. The new scoring system for evaluation of skin inflammation extent and severity in patients with atopic dermatitis. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 13 (2005) 219-224
56. Schäfer T., Dockery D., Kramer U., Behrendt H., and Ring J. Experiences with the severity scoring of atopic dermatitis in a population of German pre-school children. Br J Dermatol 137 (1997) 558-562