Interannual and seasonal variability in atmospheric N2O

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2007, Pages

  Nevison, Cynthia D ^a   Mahowald, Natalie M ^a   Weiss, Ray F ^b   Prinn, Ronald G ^c  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

AIR TEMPERATURE; ANNUAL VARIATION; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC SINK; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; CFC; MEASUREMENT METHOD; NITROGEN CYCLE; NITROUS OXIDE; SEASONAL VARIATION; SIMULATION; STRATOSPHERE; TRACER; TROPOSPHERE;

CONNACHT; COUNTY GALWAY; EURASIA; EUROPE; IRELAND; MACE HEAD; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 36749073330     PISSN: 08866236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2006GB002755     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. 2 fluxes, 1988-2003, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 20, GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439.
2. Barrie, L. A., and R. M. Hoff (1984), The oxidation rate and residence time of sulphur dioxide in the Arctic atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 18(12), 2711-2722.
3. Battle, M., M. L. Bender, P. P. Tans, J. W. C. White, J. T. Ellis, T. Conway, and R. J. Francey (1996), Atmospheric gas concentrations over the past century measured in air from firn at the South Pole, Nature, 383, 231-235.
4. Biraud, S., P. Ciais, M. Ramonet, P. Simmonds, V. Kazan, P. Monfray, S. O'Doherty, T. G. Spain, and S. G. Jennings (2000), European greenhouse gas emission estimated from continuous atmospheric measurements and radon 222 at Mace Head, Ireland, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D1), 1351-1366.
5. Bouwman, A. F., and J. A. Taylor (1996), Testing high-resolution nitrous oxide emission estimates against observations using an atmospheric transport model, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 10, 307-318.
6. Cohen, Y, and L. I. Gordon (1978), Nitrous oxide in the oxygen minimum of the eastern tropical North Pacific: Evidence for its consumption during denitrification and possible mechanisms for its production, Deep Sea Res., 25, 509-524.
7. 2 estimated from ALE/GAGE and other measurements from July 1978 to June 1991, J. Geophys. Res., 99(D1), 1107-1126.
8. Denning, A. S., et al. (1999), Three-dimensional transport and concentration of SF6 - A model intercomparison study (TransCom 2), Tellus, Ser. B, 51, 266-297.
9. Dutay, J.-C., et al. (2002), Evaluation of ocean model ventilation with CFC-11: Comparison of 13 global models, Ocean Modell., 4, 89-120.
10. Elkins, J. W., T. M. Thompson, T. H. Swanson, J. H. Butler, B. D. Hall, S. O. Cummings, D. A. Fisher, and A. G. Raffo (1993), Decrease in the growth rates of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12, Nature, 364, 780-783.
11. Galloway, J. N., et al. (2004), Nitrogen cycles: Past, present, and future, Biogeochemistry, 70, 153-226.
12. 6: Observed latitudinal distribution and trends, derived emissions and interhemispheric exchange time, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 675-678.
13. 2 inversion intercomparison: 1. Annual mean control results and sensitivity to transport and prior flux information, Tellus, Ser. B, 55, 555-579.
14. Hartley, D. E., and R. X. Black (1995), Mechanistic analysis of interhemispheric transport, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(21), 2945-2948.
15. 3, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(14), 2655-2658.
16. Hirsch, A. I., A. M. Michalak, L. M. Bruhwiler, W. Peters, E. J. Dlugokencky, and P. P. Tans (2006), Inverse modeling estimates of the global nitrous, oxide surface flux from 1998-2001, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 20, GB1008, doi:10.1029/2004GB002443.
17. Holland, E. A., B. H. Braswell, J. Sulzman, and J.-F. Lamarque (2005a), Nitrogen deposition onto the United States and Western Europe: Synthesis of observations and models, Ecol. Appl., 15(1), 38-57.
18. 2O mixing ratios originating from human activity, http://www.daac.oml.gov, Oak Ridge Natl. Lab. Distrib. Active Arch., Cent., Oak Ridge, Tenn.
19. Holton, J. R., P. H. Haynes, M. E. McIntyre, A. R. Douglass, R. B. Rood,, and L. Pfister (1995), Stratosphere-troposphere exchange, Reviews of Geophysics, 33(4), 403-439.,
20. Huck, P. E., A. J. McDonald, G. E. Bodeker, and H. Struthers (2005), Interannual variability in Antarctic ozone depletion controlled by planetary waves and polar temperature, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L13819, doi:10.1029/2005GL022943.
21. Hurst, D. F., et al. (2004), Emissions of ozone-depleting substances in Russia during 2001, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14303, doi:10.1029/ 2004JD004633.
22. Ishijima, K., T. Nakazawa, S. Sugawara, S. Aoki, and T. Saeki (2001), Concentration variations of tropospheric nitrous oxide over Japan, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(1), 171-174.
23. James, P., A. Stohl, C. Forster, and S. Eckhardt (2003), A 15-year climatology of stratosphere-troposphere exchange with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model: 1. Methodology and validation, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D12), 8519, doi:10.1029/2002JD002637.
24. 2O emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(24), 2249, doi:10.1029/2003GL018458.
25. Khalil, M. A. K., R. A. Rasmussen, and M. J. Shearer (2002), Atmospheric nitrous oxide: Patterns of global change during recent decades and centuries, Chemosphere, 47, 807-821.
26. 2O budget: A retrospective analysis 1500-1994, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 13, 1-8.
27. Levin, I., et al. (2002), Three years of trace gas observations over the Euro-Siberian domain derived from aircraft sampling - A concerted action, Tellus, Ser. B, 54, 696-712.
28. 2O, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L17108, doi:10.1029 /2004GL020345.
29. Machida, T., T. Nakazawa, M. Tanaka, Y. Fufii, S. Aoki, and O. Watanabe (1995), Atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide concentrations during the last 250 years, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(21), 2921-2924.
30. Mahowald, N. M., P. J. Rasch, B. E. Eaton, S. Whittlestone, and R. G. Prinn (1997), Transport of radon-222 to the remote troposphere using the Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry and assimilated winds from ECMWF and the National Center for Environmental Prediction/NCAR, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D23), 28,139-28,151.
31. Manney, G. L., and J. L. Sabutis (2000), Development of the polar vortex in the 1999-2000 Arctic winter stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(17), 2589-2592.
32. Manney, G. L., J. L. Sabutis, D. R. Allen, W. A. Lahoz, A. A. Scaife, C. E. Randall, S. Pawson, B. Naujokat, and R. Swinbank (2005), Simulations of dynamic and transport during the September 2002 Antarctic major warming, J. Atmos. Sci., 62(3), 690-707.
33. McCulloch, A., P. M. Midgley, and D. A. Fisher (1994), Distribution of emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 11, 12, 113, 114 and 115 among reporting and non-reporting countries in 1986, Atmos. Environ., 28(16), 2567-2582.
34. McCulloch, A., P. Ashford, and P. M. Midgley (2001), Historic emissions of fluorotrichloromethane (CFC-11) based on a market survey, Atmos, Environ., 35(26), 4387-4397.
35. McCulloch, A., P. M. Midgley, and P. Ashford (2002), Releases of refrigerant gases (CFC-12, HCFC-22 and HFC-134a) to the atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 37(7), 889-902.
36. x, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 19, GB2008, doi:10.1029/2004GB002429.
37. Montzka, S. A., J. H. Butler, J. W. Elkins, T. M. Thompson, A. D. Clarke, and L. T. Lock (1999), Present and future trends in the atmospheric burden of ozone-depleting halogens, Nature, 398, 690-694.
38. 2O emissions from natural and perturbed soils, Clim. Change, 32, 327-378.
39. Nevison, C. D., D. E. Kinnison, and R. F. Weiss (2004), Stratospheric influence on the tropospheric seasonal cycles of nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L20103, doi:10.1029/ 2004GL020398.
40. 2 at Cape Grim, Tasmania, Tellus, Ser. B, 57, 219-229.
41. Newman, P. A., and E. R. Nash (2000), Quantifying the wave driving of the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D10), 12,485-12,497.
42. Newman, P. A., E. R. Nash, and J. E. Rosenfield (2001), What controls the temperature of the Arctic stratosphere during the spring?, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D17), 19,999-20,010.
43. Olivier, J., and J. Berdowski (2001), Global emissions sources and sinks, in The Climate System, edited by J. Berdowski, R. Guicherit, and B. Heij, pp. 33-78, A. A. Balkema, Brookfield, Vt.
44. 6, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19314, doi:10.1029 /2004JD005020.
45. Plumb, R. A., and M. K. W. Ko (1992), Interrelationships between mixing ratios of long-lived stratospheric constituents, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D9), 10,145-10,156.
46. Plumb, R. A., and D. D. McConalogue (1988), On the meridional structure of long-lived tropospheric constituents, J. Geophys. Res., 93(D12), 15,897-15,913.
47. 2O, NO) fluxes and analysis of controllers on regional to global scales, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 12, 621-635.
48. Potter, C. S., P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, and E. A. Davidson (1996), Process modeling of controls on nitrogen trace gas emissions from soils worldwide, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D1), 1361-1377.
49. Prather, M., et al. (2001), Atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases, in Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Issessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by J. T. Houghton et al., pp. 239-287, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
50. Prentice, I. C., et al. (2001), The carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide, in Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by J. T. Houghton et al., pp. 183-237, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
51. Prinn, R. G., et al. (1992), Global average concentration and trend for hydroxyl radicals deduced from ALE/GAGE trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) data for 1978-1990, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D2), 2445-2561.
52. Prinn, R., et al. (1999), Integrated Global System Model for climate policy assessment: Feedbacks and sensitivity studies, Clim. Change, 41, 469-546.
53. Prinn, R. G., et al. (2000), A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D14), 17,751-17,792.
54. Rasch, P. J., N. M. Mahowald, and B. E. Eaton (1997), Representations of transport, convection, and the hydrologic cycle in chemical transport models: Implications for the modeling of short-lived and soluble species, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D23), 28,127-28,138.
55. Schauffler, S. M., and J. S. Daniel (1994), On effects of stratospheric circulation changes on trace gas trends, J. Geophys. Res., 99(D12), 25,747-25,754.
56. Schoeberl, M. R. (2004), Extratropical stratosphere-troposphere mass exchange, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D13303, doi:10.1029/2004JD004525.
57. Sidorov, K., A. Sogachev, U. Langendoerter, J. Lloyd, I. L. Nepomniachii, N. N. Vygodskaya, M. Schmidt, and I. Levin (2002), Seasonal variability of greenhouse gases in the lower troposphere above the eastern European taiga (Syktyvkar, Russia), Tellus, Ser. B, 54, 735-748.
58. 2O back to 1800 A. D. from air trapped in snow at the South Pole and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project II ice core, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 16(4), 1129, doi:10.1029/2002GB001911.
59. Thompson, T. M., et al. (2004), Halocarbons and other atmospheric trace species, in Climate Diagnostics Laboratory Summary Report 27, 2002-2003, edited by R. C. Schnell, A.-M. Buggle, and R. M. Rosson, pp. 115-133, NOAA, Boulder, Colo.
60. Vitousek, P. M., J. Aber, R. W. Howarth, G. E. Likens, P. A. Matson, D. W. Schindler, W. H. Schlesinger, and G. D. Tilman (1997), Human alterations of the global nitrogen cycle: Causes and consequences, Ecol. Issues, 1, 1-15.
61. Waugh, D. W., W. J. Randel, S. Pawson, P. A. Newman, and E. R. Nash (1999), Persistence of the lower stratospheric polar vortices, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D22), 27,191-27,201.
62. Weiss, R. F. (1981), The temporal and spatial distribution of tropospheric nitrous oxide, J. Geophys. Res., 86(C8), 7185-7195.
63. 3F, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D19), 23,899-23,909.