TransCom 3 CO2 inversion intercomparison: 1. Annual mean control results and sensitivity to transport and prior flux information

Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

Volumn 55, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 555-579

  Gurney, Kevin Robert ^a   Law, Rachel M ^b   Denning, A Scott ^a   Rayner, Peter J ^b   Baker, David ^c   Bousquet, Philippe ^d   Bruhwiler, Lori ^e   Chen, Yu Han ^f   Ciais, Philippe ^d   Fan, Songmiao ^g   Fung, Inez Y ^h   Gloor, Manuel ⁱ   Heimann, Martin ⁱ   Higuchi, Kaz ^j   John, Jasmin ^h   Kowalczyk, Eva ^b   Maki, Takashi ^k   Maksyutov, Shamil ^l   Peylin, Philippe ^d   Prather, Michael ^m   Pak, Bernard C ^m   Sarmiento, Jorge ^g   Taguchi, Shoichi ⁿ   Takahashi, Taro ^o   Yuen, Chiu Wai ^j   more..

^a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering   (United States)

^b CSIRO   (Australia)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^d LABORATOIRE DES SCIENCES DU CLIMAT ET DE L ENVIRONNEMENT   (France)

^e EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^f MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^g PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

ⁱ MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^j ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^k Observations Department   (Japan)

^l JAPAN AGENCY FOR MARINE EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^m UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

ⁿ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AIST   (Japan)

^o Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; CARBON DIOXIDE; SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS;

EID: 0037907290     PISSN: 02806509     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00049.x     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Andres, R. J., Marland, G., Fung, I. and Matthews, E. 1996. Distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture, 1950-1990. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 10, 419-429.
2. Apps, M. J. and Kurz, W. A. 1994. The role of Canadian forests in the global carbon balance, In: Carbon Balance on World's Forested Ecosystems: Towards a Global Assessment (ed.M. Kanninen) Academy of Finland, Helsinki. 14-39.
3. Arakawa, A. and Schubert, W. H., 1974. Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I. J. Atmos. Sci. 31, 674-701.
4. 2 Concentration Measurements. Ph.D. Dissertation. Princeton University.
5. Benoit, B. M., Desgagné, M., Pellerin, P., Pellerin, S., Chartier, Y. and Desjardins S. 1997. The Canadian MC2: A semi-Lagrangian, semi-implicit wideband atmospheric model suited for finescale process studies and simulation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 125, 2382-2415.
6. 2 sources and sinks 1. method and control inversion. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 26161-26178.
7. 2 sources and sinks 2, sensitivity study. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 26179-26193.
8. Bousquet, P., Peylin, P., Ciais, P., Le Quéré, C., Friedlingstein, P. and Tans, P. 2000. Regional changes in carbon dioxide fluxes of land and oceans since 1980. Science, 290, 1342-1346.
9. Brenkert, A. L. 1998. Carbon dioxide emission estimates from fossil-fuel burning, hydraulic cement production, and gas flaring for 1995 on a one degree grid cell basis. (http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/ndps/ndp058a.html).
10. 13C measurements from the NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Global Air Sampling Network. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 5051-5070.
11. D'Andrea, F. S., Tibaldi, S., Blackburn, M., Boer, G., Deque, M. and coauthors. 1998. Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blocking as simulated by 15 atmospheric general circulation models in the period 1979-1988. Climate Dynam. 14, 385-407.
12. De Fries, R. S. and Townshend, J. R. G. 1994. NDVI-derived land cover classifications at a global scale. Int. J. Remote Sens. 15, 3567-3586.
13. 2 due to seasonal exchange with land biota. Nature 376, 240-243.
14. 2. Tellus 48B, 543-567.
15. 6: A model intercomparison study (TransCom 2). Tellus 51B, 266-297.
16. Ding, P. and Randall, D. A. 1998. A cumulus parameterization with multiple cloud base levels. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 11341-11354.
17. Dixon, R. K., Brown, S., Houghton, R. A., Solomon, A. M., Trexler, M. C. and Wisniewski, J. 1990. Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems. Science, 263, 185-190.
18. 2 inversions, J. Geophys. Res. 107(02), 4635, doi:10.1029/2002JD002195.
19. Enting, I. 2002. Inverse Problems in Atmospheric Constituent Transport. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U. K.
20. 2: Direct inversion of filtered data. Tellus 41B, 111-126.
21. 2. Tellus 47B, 35-52.
22. 2 data and models. Science 282, 442-446.
23. 2. Cooperative Atmospheric Data Integration Project - Carbon Dioxide, CD-ROM, NOAA CMDL, Boulder, Colorado, 2000.
24. Gurney, K., Law, R., Rayner, P. and Denning, A. S. 2000. TransCom 3 Experimental Protocol, Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University. USA. Paper No. 707. http:// transcom.colostate.edu/TransCom_3/transcom_3.html.
25. 2 sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models. Nature 415, 626-630.
26. Hack, J. J. 1993. Description of the NCAR community climate model (CCM2). NCAR/TN-382, 108 pp.
27. Hack, J. J. 1994. Parameterization of moist convection in the National Center for Atmospheric Research community climate model (CCM2). J. Geophys. Res. 99, 5551-5568.
28. Hamilton, K., Wilson, R. J., Mahlman, J. D. and Umscheid, L. J. 1995. Climatology of the SKYHI troposphere-startosphere-mesosphere general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci. 52, 5-43.
29. Hansen, J., Sato, Mki., Ruedy, R., Lacis, A., Asamoah, K. and coauthors. 1997. Forcings and chaos in interannual to decadal climate change. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 25679-25720.
30. Hartke, G. J. and Rind, D. 1997. Improved surface and boundary layer models for the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 16407-16422.
31. Heimann, M. 1995. The global atmospheric tracer model TM2. Technical Report, 10. Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany, 51 pp.
32. Holtslag, A. A. M. and Boville, B. A. 1993. Local versus nonlocal boundary-layer diffusion in a global climate model. J. Climate 6, 1825-1842.
33. Houghton, R. A. 1999. The annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land use 1850-1990. Tellus 51B, 298-313.
34. Houghton, R. A. and Hackler, J. L. 1999. Emissions of carbon from forestry and land-use change in tropical Asia. Global Change Biol. 5, 481-492.
35. 2 in the 1980s. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 18555-18581.
36. Kaminski, T., Rayner, P. J., Heimann, M. and Enting, I. G. 2001. On aggregation errors in atmospheric transport inversion, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 4703-4715.
37. Kauppi, P. E., Mielikainen, K. and Kuusela, K. 1992. Biomass and carbon budget of European forests 1971-1990. Science 256, 70-74.
38. 2 transport based on observed winds: 4. Mean annual gradients and interannual variations. In: Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas, Geophysical Monograph 55. (ed. D. H. Peterson), AGU, Washington, D.C., 305-363.
39. Koch, D. and Rind, D. 1998. 10Be/7Be as a tracer of stratospheric transport. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 3907-3917.
40. Kurz, W. A. and Apps, M. J. 1999. A 70 year retrospective analysis of carbon fluxes in the Canadian forest sector. Ecol. Appl. 9, 526-547.
41. 2 inversions. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 10, 783-796.
42. 2 sources from a mass-balance inversion: Sensitivity to the surface constraint. Tellus 51B, 254-265.
43. 2 inversions. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 13, 845-856.
44. 2 inversion intercomparison: 2. Sensitivity of annual mean results to data choices. Tellus 55B, this issue.
45. 2O Variability. J. Geophys. Res. 87, C4, 3061-3080.
46. Louis, J. F. 1979. A parameteric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere. Boundary-Layer Meteord. 17, 187-202.
47. Mahlman, J. D. and Moxim, W. J. 1978. Tracer simulation using a global general circulation model: results from a midlatitude instantaneous source experiment. J. Atmos. Sci. 35, 1340-1374.
48. Mahlman, J. D., Pinto, J. P. and Umscheid, L. J. 1994. Transport, radiative, and dynamical effects of the Antarctic ozone hole: A GFDL "SKYHI" model experiment. J. Atmos. Sci. 51, 489-508.
49. 2 simulated by the global atmospheric transport model. In: CGER report, CGER-1039-2000, CGER. NIES. Japan, v.7, 39-41.
50. McGregor J. L. 1996. Semi-Lagrangian advection on conformal-cubic grids. Mon. Wea. Rev. 124, 1311-1322.
51. McGregor J. L. and Dix, M. R. 2001. The CSIRO Conformal-Cubic Atmospheric GCM. IUTAM Symposium on Advances in Mathematical Modeling of Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. 197-202.
52. Pacala, S. W., Hurtt, G. C., Baker, D., Peylin, P., Houghton, R. A. and coauthors. 2001. Convergence of land- and atmosphere-based U. S. carbon sink estimates. Science 292, 2316-2320.
53. Prather, M. 1986. Numerical advection by conservation of second-order moments. J. Geophys. Res. 91, 6671-6681.
54. Prather, M., McElroy, M., Wofsy, S., Russell, G. and Rind, D. 1987. Chemistry of the global troposphere: fluorocarbons as tracers of air motion. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 6579-6613.
55. Randall, D. A., Shao Q. and Moeng, C.-H. 1992. A second-order bulk boundary-layer model. J. Atmos. Sci. 49, 1903-1923.
56. Randall, D. A. and Pan, D.-M. 1993. Implementation of the Arakawa-Schubert parameterization with a prognostic closure. In: The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models (eds.K. Emanuel and D. Raymond). American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA. 137-144.
57. Randerson, J. T., Thompson, M. V., Conway, T. J., Fung, I. Y. and Field, C. B. 1997. The contribution of terrestrial sources and sinks to trends in the seasonal cycle of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 11, 535-560.
58. Rasch, P., Mahowald, N. M. and Eaton, B. E. 1997. Representations of transport, convection and the hydrologic cycle in chemical transport models: Implications for the modeling of short lived and soluble species. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 28127-28138.
59. 2 observations. Tellus 51B, 213-232.
60. Ritchie H. and Beaudoin, C. 1994. Approximations and sensitivity experiments with a baroclinic semi-Lagrangian spectral model. Mon. Wea. Rev. 122, 2391-2399.
61. Russell, G. L. and Lerner, J. A. 1981. A new finite-differencing scheme for the tracer transport equation. J. Appl. Meteorol. 20, 1483-1498.
62. Schimel, D. S., House, J. I., Hibbard, K. A., Bousquet, P., Ciais, P. and coauthors. 2001. Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems. Nature 414, 169-172.
63. Schubert, S., Rood, R. and Pfaendtner, J. 1993. An assimilated dataset for Earth science applications. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 74, 2331-2342.
64. Sellers, P. J., Randall, D. A., Collatz, G. J., Berry, J. A., Field, C. B. and coauthors. 1996. A revised land surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMs. Part I: model formulation. J. Climate 9 676-705.
65. 2O measurements: 2. Tracer variability and diabatic meridional circulation. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 10319-10332.
66. Suarez, M. J., Arakawa, A. and Randall, D. A. 1983. Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer in the UCLA general circulation model: Formulation and results. Mon Wea. Rev. 111, 2224-2243.
67. 2 transport based on analyzed winds: Model description and simulation results for TRANSCOM. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 15099-15109.
68. 2 in Oceans Symposium, Tsukuba, Japan.
69. 2 budget. Science 247, 1431-1438.
70. Taylor, K. E., Williamson, D. and Zwiers, F. 1997. AMIP II Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Concentration Boundary Conditions. (http://www-pemdi. Unl.gov/amip/AMIP2EXPDSN/BCS/amip2bes.html).
71. Tiedke, M. 1989. A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev. 117, 1779-1800.
72. UNFCCC. 2000. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. National Communications from Parties Included in Annex 1 to the Convention: Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data from 1990 to 1998 (FCCC/SBI/2000/11).
73. Zhang, G. J. and McFarlane, N. A. 1995. Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian Climate Centre general circulation model. Atmos. Ocean 33, 407-446.