Defining brain-machine interface applications by matching interface performance with device requirements

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

Volumn 167, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 91-104

  Tonet, Oliver ^a   Marinelli, Martina ^a   Citi, Luca ^a,b   Rossini, Paolo Maria ^c   Rossini, Luca ^c,d   Megali, Giuseppe ^a   Dario, Paolo ^a  

^a SCUOLA SUPERIORE SANT ANNA   (Italy)

^b IMT SCHOOL FOR ADVANCED STUDIES LUCCA   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY CAMPUS BIO MEDICO   (Italy)

^d EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Brain computer interface; Brain machine interface; Human machine interface; Hybrid bionic system; Information transfer rate; Throughput

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE; DEVICE; HAND PROSTHESIS; HEAD; HUMAN; LATENT PERIOD; PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ROBOTICS; TRUNK; WHEELCHAIR;

BRAIN; COMMUNICATION AIDS FOR DISABLED; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; FEEDBACK; HUMANS; MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS; NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; REACTION TIME; USER-COMPUTER INTERFACE;

EID: 36649032489     PISSN: 01650270     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.03.015     Document Type: Article

References (134)

1. Aggarwal V., Chatterjee A., Cho Y., Rasmussen R., Acharya S., and Thakor N.V. Noninvasive cortical control of a prosthetic hand with local machine control and haptic feedback. Annual meeting of biomedical engineering society (BMES 2006). Chicago, USA (2006)
2. Ajiboye A., and Weir R. A heuristic fuzzy logic approach to EMG pattern recognition for multifunctional prosthesis control. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 13 3 (2005) 280-291
3. Axelrod S., Goel V., Gopinath R., Olsen P., and Visweswariah K. Subspace constrained gaussian mixture models for speech recognition. IEEE Trans Speech Audio Process 13 6 (2005) 1144-1160
4. Bailey N.R., Scerbo M.W., Freeman F.G., Mikulka P.J., and Scott L.A. Comparison of a brain-based adaptive system and a manual adaptable system for invoking automation. Hum Factors 48 4 (2006) 693-709
5. Bayliss J.D. Use of the evoked potential P3 component for control in a virtual apartment. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 11 June (2) (2003) 113-116
6. Bayliss J.D., and Ballard D.H. A virtual reality testbed for brain-computer interface research. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 8 June (2) (2000) 188-190
7. Birbaumer N. Brain-computer-interface research: coming of age. Clin Neurophysiol 117 March (3) (2006) 479-483
8. Birbaumer N., Ghanayim N., Hinterberger T., Iversen I., Kotchoubey B., Kübler A., et al. A spelling device for the paralysed. Nature 398 March (6725) (1999) 297-298
9. Birbaumer N., Kübler A., Ghanayim N., Hinterberger T., Perelmouter J., Kaiser J., et al. The thought translation device (TTD) for completely paralyzed patients. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 8 June (2) (2000) 190-193
10. Blankertz B., Muller K.-R., Curio G., Vaughan T., Schalk G., Wolpaw J., et al. The BCI competition 2003: progress and perspectives in detection and discrimination of eeg single trials. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 51 6 (2004) 1044-1051
11. Bokil H.S., Pesaran B., Andersen R.A., and Mitra P.P. A method for detection and classification of events in neural activity. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 53 August (8) (2006) 1678-1687
12. Boksem M.A.S., Meijman T.F., and Lorist M.M. Effects of mental fatigue on attention: an erp study. Brain Res Brain Res 25 September (1) (2005) 107-116
13. Buttfield A., Ferrez P., and Millan J.D.R. Towards a robust bci: error potentials and online learning. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 14 June (2) (2006) 164-168 [see also IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng]
14. Card S.K., English W.K., and Burr B.J. Evaluation of mouse, rate-controlled isometric joystick, step keys, and text keys for text selection on a crt. Ergonomics 21 (1978) 601-613
15. Carmena J.M., Lebedev M.A., Crist R.E., O'Doherty J.E., Santucci D.M., Dimitrov D.F., et al. Learning to control a brain-machine interface for reaching and grasping by primates. PLoS Biol 1 November(2) (2003) E42
16. Chan A., and Englehart K. Continuous myoelectric control for powered prostheses using hidden markov models. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 52 1 (2005) 121-124
17. Chapin J.K., Moxon K.A., Markowitz R.S., and Nicolelis M.A. Real-time control of a robot arm using simultaneously recorded neurons in the motor cortex. Nat Neurosci 2 July (7) (1999) 664-670
18. Cheng M., Gao X., Gao S., and Xu D. Design and implementation of a brain-computer interface with high transfer rates. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 49 10 (2002) 1181-1186
19. Cincotti F., Aloise F., Babiloni F., Marciani M., Morelli D., Paolucci S., et al. Brain-operated assistive devices: the aspice project. BioRob 2006. The 1st IEEE/RAS-EMBS international conference on biomedical robotics and biomechatronics. February (2006) 817-822
20. Citi L., Carpaneto J., Yoshida K., Hoffmann K.P., Koch K.P., Dario P., et al. Characterization of tfLIFE neural response for the control of a cybernetic hand. Proceedings of the 1st IEEE/RAS-EMBS international conference on biomedical robotics and biomechatronics-BioRob. Pisa, Italy, 20-22 February (2006) 477-482
21. Corneil B.D., and Munoz D.P. The influence of auditory and visual distractors on human orienting gaze shifts. J Neurosci 16 December (24) (1996) 8193-8207
22. Coyle S., Ward T., Markham C., and McDarby G. On the suitability of near-infrared (NIR) systems for next-generation brain-computer interfaces. Physiol Meas 25 August (4) (2004) 815-822
23. Crampton S., and Betke M. Finger counter: a human-computer interface. 7th ERCIM workshop on user interfaces for all. Paris, France, October (2002) 195-196
24. Curran E.A., and Stokes M.J. Learning to control brain activity: a review of the production and control of EEG components for driving brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. Brain Cogn 51 April (3) (2003) 326-336
25. De Silva G.C., Lyons M.J., Kawato S., and Tetsutani N. Human factors evaluation of a vision-based facial gesture interface. Proceedings of CVPR-HCI (2003)
26. Donchin E., Spencer K.M., and Wijesinghe R. The mental prosthesis: assessing the speed of a P300-based brain-computer interface. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 8 June (2) (2000) 174-179
27. Donoghue J.P. Connecting cortex to machines: recent advances in brain interfaces. Nat Neurosci 5 November (Suppl.) (2002) 1085-1088
28. Dornhege G., Blankertz B., Curio G., and Müller K.-R. Increase information transfer rates in BCI by CSP extension to multi-class. In: Thrun S., Saul L., and Schölkopf B. (Eds). Advances in neural information processing systems vol. 16 (2004), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
29. Englehart K., and Hudgins B. A robust, real-time control scheme for multifunction myoelectric control. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 50 7) (2003) 848-854
30. Fabiani G., McFarland D., Wolpaw J., and Pfurtscheller G. Conversion of EEG activity into cursor movement by a brain-computer interface (BCI). IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 12 September (3) (2004) 331-338 [see also IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng]
31. Farwell L.A., and Donchin E. Talking off the top of your head: toward a mental prosthesis utilizing event-related brain potentials. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 70 December (6) (1988) 510-523
32. Fetz E.E. Operant conditioning of cortical unit activity. Science 163 870 (1969) 955-958
33. Fitts P.M. The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. J Exp Psychol 47 (1954) 381-391
34. Gao X., Xu D., Cheng M., and Gao S. A bci-based environmental controller for the motion-disabled. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 11 June (2) (2003) 137-140 [see also IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng]
35. Geng T., Gan J.Q., Dyson M., Tsui C.S., and Sepulveda F. EEG-based synchronous parallel bci. Proceedings of MAIA workshop on brain computer interfaces (2006)
36. Georgopoulos A., Langheim F., Leuthold A., and Merkle A. Magnetoencephalographic signals predict movement trajectory in space. Exp Brain Res (July (2005) 1-4
37. Graimann B., Huggins J.E., Levine S.P., and Pfurtscheller G. Toward a direct brain interface based on human subdural recordings and wavelet-packet analysis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 51 June (6) (2004) 954-962
38. Graimann B., Huggins J.E., Schlögl A., Levine S.P., and Pfurtscheller G. Detection of movement-related desynchronization patterns in ongoing single-channel electrocorticogram. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 11 September (3) (2003) 276-281
39. Grauman K., Betke M., Gips J., and Bradski G.R. Communication via eye blinks-detection and duration analysis in real time. Proceedings of the IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, vol. 1 (2001) I-1010-I-1017
40. Guger C., Harkam W., Hertnaes C., and Pfurtscheller G. Prosthetic control by an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI). Proceedings of AAATE 5th European conference for the advancement of assistive technology. Düsseldorf, Germany (1999)
41. Hendy K.C., Liao J., and Milgram P. Combining time and intensity effects in assessing operator information-processing load. Hum Factors 39 March (1) (1997) 30-47
42. Hinz A., Hueber B., Schreinicke G., and Seibt R. Temporal stability of psychophysiological response patterns: concepts and statistical tools. Int J Psychophysiol 44 April (1) (2002) 57-65
43. Hochberg L.R., Serruya M.D., Friehs G.M., Mukand J.A., Saleh M., Caplan A.H., et al. Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia. Nature 442 July (7099) (2006) 164-171
44. Humphrey D.R., Schmidt E.M., and Thompson W.D. Predicting measures of motor performance from multiple cortical spike trains. Science 170 959 (1970) 758-762
45. Hyrskykari A. Gaze control as an input device. Proceedings of ACHCI'97 (1997)
46. Inverso S.A., Hawes N., Kelleher J., Allen R., and Haase K. Think and spell: context-sensitive predictive text for an ambiguous keyboard brain-computer interface speller. Biomedizinische Technik 49 September (1) (2004) 53-54
47. ISO 9241-9:2000(E). Ergonomic requirements for office work with vdts. Part 9. Requirements for non-keyboard input devices. Tech. rep. International Standards Organization; 2000.
48. Jacob R.J.K. What you look at is what you get: eye movement-based interaction techniques. Proceedings of CHI'90: ACM conference on human factors in computing systems (1990), Addison-Wesley/ACM Press 11-18
49. Kaper M., Meinicke P., Grossekathoefer U., Lingner T., and Ritter H. BCI Competition 2003-Data Set IIb: support vector machines for the P300 speller paradigm. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 51 6 (2004) 1073-1076
50. Kaper M, Ritter H. Generalizing to new subjects in brain-computer interfacing. In: Proceedings of Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference-EMBC, vol. 6; 2004, p. 4363-66.
51. Kauhanen L., Nykopp T., Lehtonen J., Jylänki P., Heikkonen J., Rantanen P., et al. EEG and MEG brain-computer interface for tetraplegic patients. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 14 June (2) (2006) 190-193
52. Kelly S., Lalor E., Finucane C., McDarby G., and Reilly R. Visual spatial attention control in an independent brain-computer interface. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 52 9 (2005) 1588-1596
53. Kelly S., Lalor E., Reilly R., and Foxe J. Visual spatial attention tracking using high-density SSVEP data for independent brain-computer communication. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 13 2 (2005) 172-178
54. Kennedy P.R. The cone electrode: a long-term electrode that records from neurites grown onto its recording surface. J Neurosci Methods 29 September (3) (1989) 181-193
55. Kennedy P.R., and Bakay R.A. Restoration of neural output from a paralyzed patient by a direct brain connection. Neuroreport 9 June (8) (1998) 1707-1711
56. Kennedy P.R., Bakay R.A., Moore M.M., Adams K., and Goldwaithe J. Direct control of a computer from the human central nervous system. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 8 June (2) (2000) 198-202
57. Kennedy P.R., Kirby M.T., Moore M.M., King B., and Mallory A. Computer control using human intracortical local field potentials. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 12 September (3) (2004) 339-344
58. Khurana U, Koul A. Text compression and superfast searching. ArXiv Computer Science, e-prints arXiv:cs/0505056v1, 11; May 2005.
59. Kostov A., and Polak M. Parallel man-machine training in development of EEG-based cursor control. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 8 June (2) (2000) 203-205
60. Krebs H.I., Volpe B.T., Aisen M.L., and Hogan N. Increasing productivity and quality of care: robot-aided neuro-rehabilitation. J Rehabil Res Dev 37 6 (2000) 639-652
61. Kronegg J., Voloshynovskiy S., and Pun T. Analysis of bit-rate definitions for brain-computer interfaces. Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on human-computer interaction (2005)
62. Kübler A., Kotchoubey B., Hinterberger T., Ghanayim N., Perelmouter J., Schauer M., et al. The thought translation device: a neurophysiological approach to communication in total motor paralysis. Exp Brain Res 124 January (2) (1999) 223-232
63. Laubach M., Wessberg J., and Nicolelis M.A. Cortical ensemble activity increasingly predicts behaviour outcomes during learning of a motor task. Nature 405 June (6786) (2000) 567-571
64. Lebedev M.A., and Nicolelis M.A. Brain-machine interfaces: past, present and future. Trends Neurosci 29 9 (2006) 536-546
65. Lehtonen J. EEG-based brain computer interfaces. Master's thesis. Helsinki Univesrsity of Technology: Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering; 2002
66. Leuthardt E.C., Schalk G., Wolpaw J.R., Ojemann J.G., and Moran D.W. A brain-computer interface using electrocorticographic signals in humans. J Neural Eng 1 June (2) (2004) 63-71
67. Lorist M.M., Klein M., Nieuwenhuis S., Jong R.D., Mulder G., and Meijman T.F. Mental fatigue and task control: planning and preparation. Psychophysiology 37 September (5) (2000) 614-625
68. MacKenzie I.S., and Soukoreff R.W. Card, English, and burr (1978): 25 years later. Proceedings of CHI 2003 conference on human factors in computing systems (2003) 760-761
69. MacKenzie S.I., Kauppinen T., and Silfverberg M. Accuracy measures for evaluating computer pointing devices. Proceedings of CHI 2001 conference on human factors in computing systems (2001) 9-16
70. Marg E., and Adams J.E. Indwelling multiple micro-electrodes in the brain. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 23 September (3) (1967) 277-280
71. Mason SG. Dry electrode technology: what exists and what is under development? Tech. rep. Neil Squire Society, 2005.
72. Mason S.G., Bashashati A., Fatourechi M., Navarro K.F., and Birch G.E. A comprehensive survey of brain interface technology designs. Ann Biomed Eng 35 2 (2007) 137-169. http://www.dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439--006-9170--0 http://www.dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-006-9170-0
73. Mason S.G., and Birch G.E. A general framework for brain-computer interface design. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 11 March (1) (2003) 70-85
74. Mason S.G., Bohringer R., Borisoff J.F., and Birch G.E. Real-time control of a video game with a direct brain-computer interface. J Clin Neurophysiol 21 6 (2004) 404-408
75. Maynard E.M., Nordhausen C.T., and Normann R.A. The Utah intracortical electrode array: a recording structure for potential brain-computer interfaces. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 102 March (3) (1997) 228-239
76. McFarland D.J., Sarnacki W.A., and Wolpaw J.R. Brain-computer interface (BCI) operation: optimizing information transfer rates. Biol Psychol 63 3 (2003) 237-251
77. Meinicke P., Kaper M., Hoppe F., Heumann M., and Ritter H. Improving transfer rates in brain computer interfacing: a case study. In: Thrun S., Becker S., and Obermayer K. (Eds). Proceedings of advances in neural information processing systems, vol. 15 (2003) 1107-1114
78. Micera S., Carrozza M., Beccai L., Vecchi F., and Dario P. Hybrid bionic systems for the replacement of hand function. Proc IEEE 94 9 (2006) 1752-1762
79. Middendorf M., McMillan G., Calhoun G., and Jones K.S. Brain-computer interfaces based on the steady-state visual-evoked response. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 8 2 (2000) 211-214
80. Millán JdR., and Mouriño J. Asynchronous BCI and local neural classifiers: an overview of the Adaptive Brain Interface Project. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 11 2 (2003) 159-161
81. Millán JdR., Renkens F., Mouriño J., and Gerstner W. Noninvasive brain-actuated control of a mobile robot by human EEG. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 51 June (6) (2004) 1026-1033
82. Moran D.W. Electrocorticographic (ECoG) control of brain-computer interfaces. Proceedings of WTEC brain-computer interface workshop (2003) 21-25
83. Müller-Putz G.R., Scherer R., Brauneis C., and Pfurtscheller G. Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based communication: impact of harmonic frequency components. J Neural Eng 2 December (4) (2005) 123-130
84. Müller-Putz G.R., Scherer R., Pfurtscheller G., and Rupp R. EEG-based neuroprosthesis control: a step towards clinical practice. Neurosci Lett 382 1-2 (2005) 169-174
85. Mussa-Ivaldi F.A., and Miller L.E. Brain-machine interfaces: computational demands and clinical needs meet basic neuroscience. Trends Neurosci 26 June (6) (2003) 329-334
86. Navarro X., Krueger T.B., Lago N., Micera S., Stieglitz T., and Dario P. A critical review of interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of neuroprostheses and hybrid bionic systems. J Peripher Nerv Syst 10 September (3) (2005) 229-258
87. Neumann N., Kübler A., Kaiser J., Hinterberger T., and Birbaumer N. Conscious perception of brain states: mental strategies for brain-computer communication. Neuropsychologia 41 8 (2003) 1028-1036
88. Neuper C., Grabner R.H., Fink A., and Neubauer A.C. Long-term stability and consistency of EEG event-related (de-)synchronization across different cognitive tasks. Clin Neurophysiol 116 July (7) (2005) 1681-1694
89. Nykopp T. Statistical modelling issues for the adaptive brain interface. Master's thesis. Helsinki Univesrsity of Technology: Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering; 2001.
90. Obermaier B., Neuper C., Guger C., and Pfurtscheller G. Information transfer rate in a five-classes brain-computer interface. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 9 September (3) (2001) 283-288
91. Oh J.-Y., and Stuerzlinger W. Laser pointers as collaborative pointing devices. Proceedings of graphics interface. May (2002) 141-150
92. Perelmouter J., and Birbaumer N. A binary spelling interface with random errors. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 8 June (2) (2000) 227-232
93. Pfurtscheller G., Flotzinger D., and Kalcher J. Brain-computer interface: a new communication device for handicapped persons. J Microcomputer Appl 16 3 (1993) 293-299
94. Pfurtscheller G., Guger C., Mller G., Krausz G., and Neuper C. Brain oscillations control hand orthosis in a tetraplegic. Neurosci Lett 292 October (3) (2000) 211-214
95. Pfurtscheller G., Leeb R., Keinrath C., Friedman D., Neuper C., Guger C., et al. Walking from thought. Brain Res 1071 February (1) (2006) 145-152
96. Plaisant C., and Sears A. Touchscreen interfaces for alphanumeric data entry. Proceedings of the human factors society 36th annual meeting. Atlanta, GA, USA (1992)
97. Rickert J., de Oliveira S.C., Vaadia E., Aertsen A., Rotter S., and Mehring C. Encoding of movement direction in different frequency ranges of motor cortical local field potentials. J Neurosci 25 September (39) (2005) 8815-8824
98. Rossini P.M., Barker A.T., Berardelli A., Caramia M.D., Caruso G., Cracco R.Q., et al. Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application. Report of an IFCN committee. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 91 2 (1994) 79-92
99. Rossini P.M., and Rossi S. Transcranial magnetic stimulation: diagnostic, therapeutic, and research potential. Neurology 68 February (7) (2007) 484-488
100. Santhanam G., Ryu S., Yu B., Afshar A., and Shenoy K. A high performance neurally-controlled cursor positioning system. Conference proceedings of 2nd international IEEE EMBS conference on neural engineering. March (2005) 494-500
101. Scherer R., Müller G.R., Neuper C., Graimann B., and Pfurtscheller G. An asynchronously controlled EEG-based virtual keyboard: improvement of the spelling rate. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 51 June (6) (2004) 979-984
102. Sellers E.W., Kübler A., and Donchin E. Brain-computer interface research at the University of South Florida cognitive psychophysiology laboratory: the P300 speller. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 14 2 (2006) 221-224
103. Sellers E.W., Krusienski D.J., McFarland D.J., Vaughan T.M., and Wolpaw J.R. A P300 event-related potential brain-computer interface (BCI): the effects of matrix size and inter stimulus interval on performance. Biol Psychol 73 October (3) (2006) 242-252
104. Serby H., Yom-Tov E., and Inbar G.F. An improved P300-based brain-computer interface. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 13 March (1) (2005) 89-98
105. Serruya M.D., Hatsopoulos N.G., Paninski L., Fellows M.R., and Donoghue J.P. Instant neural control of a movement signal. Nature 416 March (6877) (2002) 141-142
106. Shannon C. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst Tech J 1948;27:379-423 and 623-56
107. Sibert LE, Jacob RJK. Evaluation of eye gaze interaction. In: CHI, 2000, p. 281-8.
108. Smith W, Cronin D. Ergonomic test of the kinesis contoured keyboard. Tech. rep. Global Ergonomic Technologies, Inc.; 1992
109. Sutter E.E. The brain response interface: communication through visually-induced electrical brain responses. J Microcomput Appl 15 1 (1992) 31-45
110. Tanaka K., Matsunaga K., and Wang H. IEEE Trans Robotics 21 August (4) (2005) 762-766 [see also IEEE Trans Robotics Autom]
111. Taylor D., Tillery S., and Schwartz A. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 11 June (2) (2003) 195-199 [see also IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng]
112. Taylor D.M., Tillery S.I.H., and Schwartz A.B. Direct cortical control of 3D neuroprosthetic devices. Science 296 June (5574) (2002) 1829-1832
113. Tecchio F., Rossini P.M., Pizzella V., Cassetta E., and Romani G.L. Spatial properties and interhemispheric differences of the sensory hand cortical representation: a neuromagnetic study. Brain Res 767 August (1) (1997) 100-108
114. Tejima N. Rehabilitation robotics: a review. Adv Robotics 14 7 (2000) 551-564
115. Thulasidas M., and Guan C. Optimization of bci speller based on P300 potential. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 5 (2005) 5396-5399
116. Thulasidas M., Guan C., and Wu J. Robust classification of EEG signal for brain-computer interface. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 14 March (1) (2006) 24-29
117. Tomei G., Cinti M.E., Cerratti D., and Fioravanti M. Attenzione, lavori ripetitivi, fatica e stress [Attention, repetitive works, fatigue and stress]. Ann Ig 18 5 (2006) 417-429
118. Urban M., and Bajcsy P. Fusion of voice, gesture, and human-computer interface controls for remotely operated robot. The 8th international conference on information fusion (2005)
119. Vaughan T., McFarland D., Schalk G., Sarnacki W., Krusienski D., Sellers E., et al. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 14 June (2) (2006) 229-233 [see also IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng]
120. Vuckovic A., and Sepulveda F. EEG gamma band information in cue-based single trial classification of four movements about right wrist. Proceedings of MAIA workshop on brain computer interfaces (2006)
121. Wang C., Guan C., and Zhang H. P300 brain-computer interface design for communication and control applications. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 5 (2005) 5400-5403
122. Wang Y., Wang R., Gao X., Hong B., and Gao S. A practical vep-based brain-computer interface. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 14 June (2) (2006) 234-239
123. Ward D.J., and MacKay D.J.C. Artificial intelligence: fast hands-free writing by gaze direction. Nature 418 August (6900) (2002) 838
124. Weiskopf N., Mathiak K., Bock S.W., Scharnowski F., Veit R., Grodd W., et al. Principles of a brain-computer interface (BCI) based on real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 51 June (6) (2004) 966-970
125. Wessberg J., Stambaugh C.R., Kralik J.D., Beck P.D., Laubach M., Chapin J.K., et al. Real-time prediction of hand trajectory by ensembles of cortical neurons in primates. Nature 408 November (6810) (2000) 361-365
126. Wilson J.A., Felton E.A., Garell P.C., Schalk G., and Williams J.C. Ecog factors underlying multimodal control of a brain-computer interface. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 14 June (2) (2006) 246-250
127. Wolpaw J.R., Birbaumer N., McFarland D.J., Pfurtscheller G., and Vaughan T.M. Brain-computer interfaces for communication and control. Clin Neurophysiol 113 June(6) (2002) 767-791
128. Wolpaw J.R., and McFarland D.J. Control of a two-dimensional movement signal by a noninvasive brain-computer interface in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 December (51) (2004) 17849-17854
129. Wolpaw J.R., McFarland D.J., Neat G.W., and Forneris C.A. An EEG-based brain-computer interface for cursor control. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 78 March (3) (1991) 252-259
130. Wolpaw J.R., McFarland D.J., and Vaughan T.M. Brain-computer interface research at the Wadsworth Center. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 8 June (2) (2000) 222-226
131. Wolpaw J.R., Ramoser H., McFarland D.J., and Pfurtscheller G. EEG-based communication: improved accuracy by response verification. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 6 (1998) 326-333
132. Xiao M., Hyppolite J., Pomplun M., Sunkara S., and Carbone E. Compensating for the eye-hand span improves gaze control in human-computer interfaces. Proceedings of HCII 2005-11th international conference on human-computer interaction (2005)
133. Yoo S.-S., Fairneny T., Chen N.-K., Choo S.-E., Panych L.P., Park H., et al. Brain-computer interface using fmri: spatial navigation by thoughts. Neuroreport 15 July (10) (2004) 1591-1595
134. Zecca M., Cappiello G., Sebastiani F., Roccella S., Vecchi F., Carrozza M., et al. Experimental analysis of the proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensors of an underactuated prosthetic hand. Lect Notes Contrib Inf 306 (2004) 233-242