An evaluation of the effects of photoactivation of bithionol, amiodarone and chlorpromazine on human keratinocytes in vitro

ATLA Alternatives to Laboratory Animals

Volumn 35, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 471-485

  Reid, Linzi ^a   Khammo, Nancy ^a   Clothier, Richard H ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Amiodarone; Antioxidant; Bithionol; Chlorpromazine; HaCat cells; Keratinocyte; Phototoxicity; Reactive oxygen species; UV A

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; AMIODARONE; ASCORBIC ACID; BITHIONOL; CHLORPROMAZINE; GLUTATHIONE;

CELL PROTECTION; CELL VIABILITY; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IN VITRO STUDY; KERATINOCYTE; OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHOTOACTIVATION; PHOTOTOXICITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 36349009147     PISSN: 02611929     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/026119290703500513     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (50)

1. Gelardi, A., Morini, F., Dusatti, F., Penco, S. & Ferro, M. (2001). Induction by xenobiotics of phase I and phase II enzyme activities in the human keratinocyte cell line NCTC 2544. Toxicology in Vitro 15, 701-711.
2. Magee, P.S. (1996). Reaffirming the complexity of transdermal transport. In Dermatotoxicology (ed. F.N. Marzulli & H.I. Maibach), pp. 49-60. Washington, DC, USA: Taylor and Francis.
3. Merk, H.F., Jugert, F.K. & Frankenburg, S. (1996). Biotransformations in the skin. In Dermatotoxicology (ed. F.N. Marzulli & H.I. Maibach), pp. 61-73. Washington, DC, USA: Taylor and Francis.
4. Hotchkiss, S.A.M. (1995). Cutaneous toxicity. Kinetic and metabolic determinants. Toxicology and Ecotoxicology News 2, 10-18.
5. Mukhtar, H. & Khan, W.A. (1989). Cutaneous cytochrome P450. Drug Metabolism Reviews 20, 657-673.
6. Saliou, C., Kitazawa, M., McLaughlin, L., Yang, J-P., Lodge, J.K., Tetsuka, T., Iwasaki, K., Cillard, J., Okamoto, T. & Packer, L. (1999). Antioxidants modulate acute solar ultraviolet radiation-induced NF-kappa-B activation in a human keratinocyte cell line. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 26, 174-183.
7. Afaq, F. & Mukhtar, H. (2001). Effects of solar radiation on cutaneous detoxification pathways. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology 63, 61-69.
8. Phillipson, R.P., Tobi, S.E., Morris, J.A. & McMillan, T.A. (2002). UV-A induces persistent genomic instability in human keratinocytes through an oxidative stress mechanism. Free Radical Biology in Medicine 32, 474-480.
9. Sachi, Y., Hirota, K., Masutani, H., Toda, K., Okamoto, T., Takigawa, M. & Yodoi, J. (1995). Induction of ADF/TRX by oxidative stress in keratinocytes and lymphoid cells. Immunology Letters 44, 189-193.
10. Urbach, F. (1997). Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer of humans. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology 40, 3-7.
11. Brennan, L.A., Hannigan, B.M. & Barnett, Y.A. (1996). The effect of antioxidant supplementation on the induced stress response in human lymphocytes. Biochemical Society Transanctions 24, S75.
12. Garcia-Arumi, E., Andreu, A.L., Lopez-Hellin, J. & Schwartz, S. (1998). Effect of oxidative stress on lymphocytes from elderly subjects. Clinical Sciences 94, 447-452.
13. Bergsten, P., Amitai, G., Kehrl, J., Dhariwal, K.R., Klein, H.G. & Levine, M. (1990). Millimolar concentrations of ascorbic acid in purified human mononuclear leukocytes - depletion and reaccumulation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265, 2584-2587.
14. Diplock, A.T., Charleux, J-L., Crozier-Willi, G., Kok, F.J., Rice-Evans, C., Roberfroid, M., Stahl, W. & Vina-Ribes, J. (1998). Functional food science and defence against reactive oxygen species. British Journal of Nutrition 80, S77-S112.
15. Noroozi, M., Angerson, W.J. & Lean, M.E.J. (1998). Effect of flavonoids and vitamin C on oxidative DNA damage to human lymphocytes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 67, 1210-1218.
16. Kaplan, I.V., Attaelmannan, M. & Levinson, S.S. (2001). Fibrinogen is an antioxidant that protects β-lipoproteins at physiological concentrations in a cell free system. Atherosclerosis 158, 455-463.
17. Thiele, J.J., Schroeter, C., Hsieh, S.N., Podda, M. & Packer, L. (2001). The antioxidant network of the stratum corneum. Current Problems in Dermatology 29, 26-42.
18. Burkitt, M.J. (2001). A critical overview of the chemistry of copper-dependent low density lipoprotein oxidation: roles of lipid hydroperoxides, alpha-tocopherol, thiols, and ceruloplasmin. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 394, 117-135.
19. Savini, I., D'Angelo, I., Ranalli, M., Melino, G. & Avigliano, L. (1999). Ascorbic acid maintenance in HaCaT cells prevents radical formation and apoptosis by UV-B. Free Radical Biology in Medicine 26, 1172-1180.
20. Trivedi, J.S., Krill, S.L. & Fort, J.J. (1995). Vitamin E as a human skin penetration enhancer. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 3, 241-243.
21. Nabi, Z., Tavakkol, A., Soliman, N. & Polefka, T.G. (1998). Bioconversion of tocopherol acetate to tocopherol in human skin: use of human skin organ culture models. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 110, 679-688.
22. Bacq, Y., Besnier, J.M., Duong, T.H., Pavie, G., Metman, E.H. & Choutet, P. (1991). Successful treatment of acute fascioliasis with bithionol. Hepatology 14, 1066-1069.
23. Lipczynskakochany, E., Kochany, J. & Bolton, J.R. (1991). Electron-paramagnetic resonance spin trapping detection of short-lived radical intermediates in the direct photolysis of 4-chlorophenol in aerated aqueous solution. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry 62, 229-240.
24. Spielmann, H., Balls, M., Dupuis, J., Pape, W.J., Pechovitch, G., de Silva, O., Holzhutter, H.G., Clothier, R., Desolle, P., Gerberick, F., Liebsch, M., Lovell, W.W., Maurer, T., Pfannenbecker, U., Potthast, J.M., Csato, M., Sladowski, D., Steiling, W. & Brantom, P. (1998). The International EU/COLIPA In Vitro Phototoxicity Validation Study: Results of Phase II (Blind Trial). Part 1: The 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test. Toxicology in Vitro 12, 305-327.
25. Clothier, R.H., Willshaw, A., Cox, H., Garle, M., Bowler, H. & Combes, R. (1999). The use of human keratinocytes in the EU/COLIPA International In Vitro Phototoxicity Test Validation Study and the ECVAM/COLIPA Study on UV filter chemicals. ATLA 27, 247-259.
26. Combes, R., Manners, J., Boavida, P., Owen, M. & Clothier, R. (1999). The effects of UVA on human corneal and keratinocyte cell lines. In Alternatives to Animal Testing II (ed. D. Clark & S. Lisaonsky), pp. 152-155. Newbury, Berkshire, UK: Macmillan CPL Press.
27. Lovell, W.W. & Jones, P.A. (2000). An evaluation of mechanistic in vitro tests for the discrimination of photoallergic and photoirritant potential. ATLA 28, 707-724.
28. Lee, K.L. & Tai, Y.T. (1997). Long-term low-dose amiodarone therapy in the management of ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: efficacy and safety. Clinical Cardiology 20, 372-377.
29. Lamprecht, A., Bouligand, Y. & Benoit, J-P. (2002). New lipid nanocapsules exhibit sustained release properties for amiodarone. Journal of Controlled Release 84, 59-68.
30. Garle, M.J., Knight, A., Downing, A.T., Jassi, K.L., Clothier, R.H. & Fry, J.R. (2000). Stimulation of dichlorofluorescein oxidation by capsaicin and analogues in RAW 264 monocyte/macrophages: lack of involvement of the vanilloid receptor. Biochemical Pharmacology 59, 563-572.
31. Page, B., Page, M. & Noel, C. (1993). A new fluorimetric assay for cytotoxicity measurement in vitro. International Journal of Oncology 3, 473-476.
32. Clothier, R. & Sansom, R. (1996). Effects of surfactant retreatment in vitro: a method to evaluate changes in cell junctions and in cell viability. ATLA 24, 859-865.
33. O'Brien, J., Wilson, I., Orton, T. & Pognan, F. (2002). Investigation of the Alamar Blue (resazurin) fluorescent dye for the assessment of mammalian cell cytotoxicity. European Journal of Biochemistry 267, 5421-5426.
34. Borenfreund, E. & Puerner, J.A. (1986). Cytotoxicity of metals, metal-metal and metal-chelator combinations assayed in vitro. Toxicology 39, 121-134.
35. Riddell, J., Clothier, R.H. & Balls, M. (1986). An evaluation of three in vitro cytotoxicity assays. Food and Chemical Toxicology 24, 469-471.
36. Dobson, R.R.H., Kent, C., Clothier, R.H., Kendall, D.A. & Garle, M.J. (1998). Induction of apoptosis in RAW264 cells by tetrahydrocannabinol. Human Experimental Toxicology 19, 515-523.
37. Knox, P., Uphill, P.F., Fry, J.R., Benford, J. & Balls, M. (1986). The FRAME multicentre project on in vitro cytotoxicology. Food and Chemical Toxicology 24, 457-463.
38. Clothier, R.H. (1995). The FRAME cytotoxicity test (Kenacid Blue). In Methods in Molecular Biology - In Vitro Toxicity Testing Protocols Vol. 43 (ed. S. O'Hare. & C.K. Atterwill), pp. 109-118. Totowa, NJ, USA: Humana Press Inc.
39. Saville, B. (1958). A scheme for the colorimetric determination of microgram amounts of thiols. Analyst 83, 670-672.
40. Zurgil, N., Kaufman, M., Solodiev, I. & Deutsch, M. (1999). Determination of cellular thiol levels in individual viable lymphocytes by means of fluorescence intensity and polarization. Journal of Immunological Methods 229, 23-34.
41. Reid, L., Clothier, R.H. & Khammo, N. (2001). Hydrogen peroxide induced stress in human keratinocytes and its effect on bithionol toxicity. Toxicology in Vitro 15, 441-445.
42. Eberlein-König, B., Bindl, A. & Przybilla, B. (1997). Phototoxic properties of neuroleptic drugs. Dermatology 194, 131-135.
43. Andrews, M.J., Garle, M.J. & Clothier, R.H. (1997). Reduction of the new tetrazolium dye Alamar Blue, in cultured rat hepatocytes and liver fractions. ATLA 25, 641-653.
44. Kozinets, G.I., Shestova, O.L., Litinskaia, L.L., Ogloblina, T.A. & Kotel'nikov, V.M. (1990). Seasonal changes in lysosomal pH of peripheral blood cells of healthy subjects. Bulletins in Experimental Biological Medicine 110, 655-657.
45. De Jong, D.W. & Woodlief, W.G. (1977). Fluorimetric assay of tobacco leaf dehydrogenases with resazurin. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Enzymology 484, 249-259.
46. Garside, J.R., Clothier, R.H., Somekh, M.G. & See, C.W. (1998). The use of a simultaneous fluorescence and differential phase confocal microscope to study Alamar Blue reduction in an epithelial cell line. ATLA 26, 505-522.
47. Sato, H., Kusel, J.R. & Thornhill, J. (2002). Functional visualization of the excretory system of adult Schistosoma mansoni by the fluorescent marker resorufin. Parasitology 125, 527-535.
48. Van Gorp, R.M.A., Heeneman, S., Broers, J.L.V., Bronnenberg, N.M.H.J., van Dam-Mieras, M.C.E. & Heemskerk, J.W.M. (2002). Glutathione oxidation in calcium- and p38 MAPK-dependent membrane blebbing of endothelial cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Enzymology 1591, 129-138.
49. Straface, E., Giacomoni, P.U. & Malorni, W. (2001). Cultured cells as a model system for the study of UV-induced cytotoxicity. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology 63, 52-60.
50. Willshaw, A. (1995). The Use of In Vitro Systems in the Prediction of Photoinduced Toxic Effects. (MPhil thesis), pp. 68-69. Nottingham, UK: The University of Nottingham.