Continuous distribution of atypical depressive symptoms between major depressive and bipolar II disorders: Dose-response relationship with bipolar family history

Psychopathology

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 39-42

  Akiskal, Hagop S ^a   Benazzi, Franco ^b,c,d,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Hecker Psychiatry Research Center   (Italy)

^c DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED   (Hungary)

^e NONE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Atypical depression; Bipolar II disorder; Major depressive disorder

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATYPICAL DEPRESSION; BIPOLAR II DISORDER; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPOMANIA; INTERVIEW; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; MEDICAL SPECIALIST; PRIVATE PRACTICE; SAMPLE SIZE; STRUCTURED INTERVIEW;

ADULT; BIPOLAR DISORDER; DEPRESSION; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED;

EID: 36348959698     PISSN: 02544962     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000109954     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 4, text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
2. World Health Organization: The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992.
3. Akiskal HS, Djenderedjian AM, Rosenthal RH, Khani MK: Cyclothymic disorder: validating criteria for inclusion in the bipolar affective group. Am J Psychiatry 1977;134:1227-1233.
4. Akiskal HS: The prevalent clinical spectrum of bipolar disorders: beyond DSM-IV. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;16(suppl 1):4s-14s.
5. Judd LL, Akiskal HS: Delineating the longitudinal structure of depressive illness: beyond clinical subtypes and duration thresholds. Pharmacopsychiatry 2000;33:3-7.
6. Ghaemi SN, Ko JY, Goodwin FK: 'Cade's disease' and beyond: misdiagnosis, antidepressant use, and a proposed definition for bipolar spectrum disorder. Can J Psychiatry 2002;47:125-134.
7. Akiskal HS: Validating 'hard' and 'soft' phenotypes within the bipolar spectrum: continuity or discontinuity? J Affect Disord 2003;73:1-5.
8. Angst J, Gamma A, Benazzi F, Ajdacic V, Eich D, Rossler W: Toward a re-definition of subthreshold bipolarity: epidemiology and proposed criteria for bipolar-II, minor bipolar disorders and hypomania. J Affect Disord 2003;73:133-146.
9. Cassano GB, Rucci P, Frank E, Fagiolini A, Dell'Osso L, Shear MK, Kupfer DJ: The mood spectrum in unipolar and bipolar disorder: arguments for a unitary approach. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:1264-1269.
10. Smith DJ, Harrison N, Muir W, Blackwood DHR: The high prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders in young adults with recurrent depression: toward an innovative diagnostic framework. J Affect Disord 2005;84:167-178.
11. Rybakowski JK, Suwalska A, Lojko D, Rymaszewska J, Kiejna A: Bipolar mood disorders among Polish psychiatric outpatients treated for major depression. J Affect Disord 2005;84:141-147.
12. Benazzi F: Family history validation of a definition of mixed depression. Compr Psychiatry 2005;46:159-166.
13. Akiskal HS, Benazzi F: The DSM-IV and ICD-10 categories of recurrent (major) depressive and bipolar II disorders: evidence that they lie on a dimensional spectrum. J Affect Disord 2006;92:45:54.
14. Kendell R, Jablensky A: Distinguishing between the validity and utility of psychiatric diagnoses. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:4-12.
15. Akiskal HS, Benazzi F: Atypical depression: a variant of bipolar II or a bridge between unipolar and bipolar II? J Affect Disord 2005;84:209-217.
16. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders - Clinician Version (SCID-CV). Washington, American Psychiatric Press, 1997.
17. Akiskal HS, Benazzi F: Optimizing the detection of bipolar II disorder in outpatient private practice: toward a systematization of clinical diagnostic wisdom. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66:914-921.
18. Weissman MM, Wickramaratne P, Adams P, Wolk S, Verdeli H, Olfson M: Brief screening for family psychiatric history. The family history screen. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:675-682.
19. Benazzi F: Bipolar II disorder and major depressive disorder: continuity or discontinuity? World J Biol Psychiatry 2003;4:166-171.
20. Salgado-Ugarte IH, Shimizu M, Taniuchi T: Exploring the shape of univariate data using Kernel density estimators. STATA Tech Bull 1994;16:8-19.
21. Benazzi F: Does age at onset support a dimensional relationship between bipolar II disorder and major depressive disorder? World J Biol Psychiatry, in press.
22. Benazzi F: Mood patterns and classification in bipolar disorder. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2006;19:1-8.
23. Benazzi F: Is there a continuity between bipolar and depressive disorders? Psychother Psychosom, in press.
24. Gershon ES, Hamovit J, Guroff JJ, Dibble E, Leckman JF, Sceery W, Targum SD, Nurnberger JI Jr, Goldin LR, Bunney WE Jr: A family study of schizoaffective, bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar, and normal control probands. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;39:1157-67.
25. Craddock N, Forty L: Genetics of affective (mood) disorders. Eur J Hum Genet 2006;14:660-668.
26. Benazzi F, Akiskal HS: Delineating bipolar II mixed states in the Ravenna-San Diego collaborative study: the relative prevalence and diagnostic significance of hypomanic features during major depressive episodes. J Affect Disord 2001;67:115-122.