Sex differences in anger-related behaviour: Comparing expectancies to actual behaviour

Cognition and Emotion

Volumn 21, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 1669-1698

  Weber, Hannelore ^a   Wiedig Allison, Monika ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GREIFSWALD   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ADULT; AGGRESSION; ANGER; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR CONTROL; BEHAVIORAL STRESS; CONTROLLED STUDY; COPING BEHAVIOR; EXPECTANCY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HUMOR; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; OBSERVER VARIATION; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROVOCATION TEST; SELF CONCEPT; SELF REPORT; SEX DIFFERENCE; TASK PERFORMANCE; VIDEORECORDING; VISUAL STIMULATION;

EID: 36249014815     PISSN: 02699931     EISSN: 14640600     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02699930701202111     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Archer, J. (2000) Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 126, pp. 651-680.
2. Archer, J. (2004) Sex differences in aggression in real-world settings: A meta-analytic review. Review of General Psychology, 8, pp. 291-322.
3. Averill, J. R. (1982) Anger and aggression: An essay on emotion, Springer, New York
4. Averill, J. R. (1983) Studies on anger and aggression: Implications for theories of emotion. American Psychologist, 38, pp. 1145-1160.
5. Barrett, L. F., Robin, L., Pietromonaco, P. R. and Eyssell, K. M. (1998) Are women the "more emotional" sex? Evidence from emotional experiences in social context. Cognition and Emotion, 12, pp. 555-578.
6. Berkowitz, L. and Harmon-Jones, E. (2004) Toward an understanding of the determinants of anger. Emotion, 4, pp. 107-130.
7. Bettencourt, B. and Miller, N. (1996) Gender differences in aggression as a function of provocation: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 119, pp. 422-447.
8. Brody, L. R. (1997) Gender and emotion: Beyond stereotypes. Journal of Social Issues, 53, pp. 369-393.
9. Brody, L. R. and Hall, J. A. (2000) Gender, emotion, and expression. Handbook of emotions, pp. 338-349. Guilford Press, New York
10. Butler, E. A., Egloff, B., Wilhelm, F. H., Smith, N. C., Erickson, E. A. and Gross, J. J. (2003) The social consequences of expressive suppression. Emotion, 3, pp. 48-67.
11. Cialdini, R. B. and Trost, M. R. (1998) The handbook of social psychology, 2, pp. 151-192. McGraw-Hill, Boston
12. Deffenbacher, J. L., Oetting, E. R., Thwaites, G. A., Lynch, R. S., Baker, D. A. and Stark, R. S. (1996) State-trait anger theory and the utility of the Trait Anger Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, pp. 131-148.
13. Diekman, A. B. and Eagly, A. H. (2000) Stereotypes as dynamic constructs: Women and men of the past, present, and future. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, pp. 1171-1188.
14. Dimberg, U. and Öhman, A. (1996) Behold the wrath: Psychophysiological responses to facial stimuli. Motivation and Emotion, 20, pp. 149-182.
15. Eagly, A. H. and Steffen, V. J. (1986) Gender and aggressive behavior: A meta-analytic review of the social psychological literature. Psychological Bulletin, 100, pp. 309-330.
16. Eagly, A. H., Wood, W. and Diekman, A. B. (2000) Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: A current appraisal. The developmental social psychology of gender, pp. 123-174. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, Mahwah, NJ
17. Evers, C., Fischer, A. H., Manstead, A. S. and Mosquera, P. M. Rodriguez (2005) Anger and social appraisal: A "spicy" sex difference?. Emotion, 5, pp. 258-266.
18. Fabes, R. A. and Martin, C. L. (1991) Gender and age stereotypes of emotionality. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, pp. 532-540.
19. Fehr, B., Baldwin, M., Collins, L., Patterson, S. and Benditt, R. (1999) Anger in close relationships: An interpersonal script analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, pp. 299-312.
20. Fischer, A. (1993) Sex differences in emotionality: Fact or stereotype?. Feminism and Psychology, 3, pp. 303-318.
21. Fischer, A. H., Mosquera, P. M. Rodriguez, van Vianen, A. E. M. and Manstead, A. S. R. (2004) Gender and culture differences in emotion. Emotion, 4, pp. 87-94.
22. Frost, W. and Averill, J. (1982) Differences between men and women in the everyday experience of anger. Anger and aggression: An essay on emotion, pp. 281-316. Springer, New York
23. Funder, D. C. (1999) Personality judgment: A realistic approach to person perception, Academic Press, San Diego, CA
24. Geisler, F. M., Wiedig-Allison, M. and Weber, H. (2007) The emotional and social benefits of humour in response to a provocation
25. Glaser, W. (1991) STROOP 01/02
26. Gross, J. J. (1998) Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation. Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, pp. 224-237.
27. Gross, J. J. (1999) Emotion regulation: Past, present, future. Cognition and Emotion, 13, pp. 551-573.
28. Gross, J. J. and John, O. P. (1997) Revealing feelings: Facets of emotional expressivity in self-reports, peer ratings, and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, pp. 435-448.
29. Gross, J. J. and John, O. P. (1998) Mapping the domain of expressivity: Multimethod evidence for a hierarchical model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, pp. 170-191.
30. Grossman, M. and Wood, W. (1993) Sex differences in intensity of emotional experience: A social role interpretation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, pp. 1010-1022.
31. Hess, U., Adams, R. B. and Kleck, R. E. (2005) Who may frown and who should smile? Dominance, affiliation, and the display of happiness and anger. Cognition and Emotion, 19, pp. 515-536.
32. Keltner, D. and Haidt, J. (1999) Social functions of emotions at four levels of analysis. Cognition and Emotion, 13, pp. 505-521.
33. Keltner, D. and Kring, A. M. (1998) Emotion, social function, and psychopathology. Review of General Psychology, 2, pp. 320-342.
34. Knutson, B. (1996) Facial expressions of emotion influence interpersonal trait inferences. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 20, pp. 165-182.
35. Kring, A. M. (2000) Gender and anger. Gender and emotion. Social psychological perspectives, pp. 211-231. Cambridge University Press, New York
36. Kring, A. M. and Gordon, A. H. (1998) Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, p. 686703.
37. Krohne, H. W., Egloff, B., Kohlmann, C. W. and Tausch, A. (1996) Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der "Positive and Negative Affect Schedule" (PANAS) [Studies on a German version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)]. Diagnostica, 42, pp. 139-156.
38. Krohne, H. W., Schmukle, S. C., Burns, L. R., Egloff, B. and Spielberger, C. D. (2001) The measurement of coping in achievement situations: An international comparison. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, pp. 1225-1243.
39. Kubiak, T., Wiedig-Allison, M., Zgorecki, S. and Weber, H. (2007) The Anger-related Reactions and Goals Inventory (ARGI). Development of a two-dimensional measure of anger-related behavior
40. Lefcourt, H. M. (2002) Humour. Handbook of positive psychology, pp. 619-631. Oxford University Press, New York
41. Linden, W., Hogan, B. E., Rutledge, T., Chawla, A., Lenz, J. W. and Leung, D. (2003) There is more to anger coping than "in" or "out". Emotion, 3, pp. 12-29.
42. Marsh, A. A., Ambady, N. and Kleck, R. E. (2005) The effects of fear and anger facial expressions on approach- and avoidance-related behaviors. Emotion, 5, pp. 119-124.
43. Milovchevich, D., Howells, K., Drew, N. and Day, A. (2001) Sex and gender role differences in anger: An Australian community study. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, pp. 117-127.
44. Mischel, W. (2004) Toward an integrative science of the person. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, pp. 1-22.
45. Mischel, W. and Shoda, Y. (1995) A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102, pp. 246-268.
46. Ortony, A., Clore, G. L. and Collins, A. (1988) The cognitive structure of emotions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
47. Parkinson, B. and Manstead, A. S. R. (1993) Making sense of emotion in stories and social life. Cognition and Emotion, 7, pp. 295-323.
48. Plant, E. A., Hyde, J. S., Keltner, D. and Devine, P. G. (2000) The gender stereotyping of emotions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24, pp. 81-92.
49. Robinson, M. D. and Clore, G. L. (2002) Belief and feeling: Evidence for an accessibility model of emotional self-report. Psychological Bulletin, 128, pp. 934-960.
50. Robinson, M. D., Johnson, J. T. and Shields, S. A. (1998) The gender heuristic and the database: Factors affecting the perception of gender-related differences in the experience and display of emotions. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 20, pp. 206-219.
51. Roseman, I. J., Antoniou, A. A. and Jose, P. E. (1996) Appraisal determinants of emotions: Constructing a more accurate and comprehensive theory. Cognition and Emotion, 10, pp. 241-277.
52. Rusting, C. L. and Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1998) Regulating responses to anger: Effects of rumination and distraction on angry mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, pp. 790-803.
53. Scherer, K. R. (1997) Profiles of emotion-antecedent appraisal: Testing theoretical predictions across cultures. Cognition and Emotion, 11, pp. 113-150.
54. Scherer, K. R. and Tannenbaum, P. H. (1986) Emotional experiences in everyday life: A survey approach. Motivation and Emotion, 10, pp. 295-314.
55. (1986) Experiencing emotion: A cross-cultural study, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
56. Schwenkmezger, P., Hodapp, V. and Spielberger, C. D. (1992) Das State-Trait-Ärgerausdrucks-Inventar (STAXI), Huber, Bern, Switzerland
57. Smith, C. A. and Lazarus, R. S. (1993) Appraisal components, core relational themes, and the emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 7, pp. 233-269.
58. Spielberger, C. D. (1988) State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Psychological Assessment Resources Professional manual, Odessa, FL
59. Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D. and Helgeson, V. S. (2002) Sex differences in coping behavior: A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, pp. 2-30.
60. Tangney, J. P., Barlow, D. Hill, Wagner, P. E., Marschall, D. E., Borenstein, J. K. and Sanftner, J. (1996) Assessing individual differences in constructive versus destructive responses to anger across the lifespan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, pp. 780-796.
61. Watson, D., Clark, L. A. and Tellegen, A. (1988) Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect. The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, pp. 1063-1070.
62. Weber, H. (2004) Explorations in the social construction of anger. Motivation and Emotion, 28, pp. 197-219.
63. Weber, H. and Titzmann, P. (2003) Ärgerbezogene Reaktionen und Ziele: Entwicklung eines neuen Fragebogens. [Anger-related reactions and goals: Development of a new questionnaire]. Diagnostica, 49, pp. 97-109.
64. Weber, H., Wiedig, M., Freyer, J. and Gralher, J. (2004) Social anxiety and anger regulation. European Journal of Personality, 18, pp. 573-590.
65. Weiner, B. (1995) Judgments of responsibility: A foundation for a theory of social conduct, Guilford Press, New York