The effects of fear and anger facial expressions on approach- and avoidance-related behaviors

Emotion

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 119-124

  Marsh, Abigail A ^a,d   Ambady, Nalini ^b   Kleck, Robert E ^c  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b TUFTS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Dartmouth College   (United States)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANGER; APPROACH BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; CLINICAL ARTICLE; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; RESPONSE TIME; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; STIMULUS; TASK PERFORMANCE; THREAT;

ADULT; ANGER; AVOIDANCE LEARNING; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REACTION TIME; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 15244346629     PISSN: 15283542     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/1528-3542.5.1.119     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Adolphs, R., Russell, J. A., & Tranel, D. (1999). A role for the human amygdala in recognizing emotional arousal from unpleasant stimuli. Psychological Science, 10, 167.
2. Batson, C. D., Duncan, B. D., Ackerman, P., Buckley, T., & Birch, K. (1981). Is empathic emotion a source of altruistic motivation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 290-302.
3. Blair, R. J. R. (1995). A cognitive developmental approach to morality: Investigating the psychopath. Cognition, 57, 1-29.
4. Blair, R. J. R., Morris, J. S., Frith, C. D., Perrett, D. I., & Dolan, R. J. (1999). Dissociable neural responses to facial expressions of sadness and anger. Brain, 122, 883-893.
5. Blairy, S., Herrera, P., & Hess, U. (1999). Mimicry and the judgment of emotional facial expressions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 23, 5-41.
6. Breiter, H. C., Etcoff, N. L., Whalen, P. J., Kennedy, W. A., Rauch, S. L., Buckner, R. L., et al. (1996). Response and habituation of the human amygdala during visual processing of facial expression. Neuron, 17, 875-887.
7. Cacioppo, J. T., & Berntson, G. G. (1994). Relationship between attitudes and evaluative space: A critical review, with emphasis on the separability of positive and negative substrates. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 401-423.
8. Cacioppo, J. T., Priester, J. R., & Berntson, G. G. (1993). Rudimentary determinants of attitudes: II. Arm flexion and extension have different effects on attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 5-17.
9. Chen, M., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral dispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 215-224.
10. Da Gloria, J., Pahlavan, F., Duda, D., & Bonnet, P. (1994). Evidence for a motor mechanism of pain-induced aggression instigation in humans. Aggressive Behavior, 20, 1-7.
11. Darwin, C. (1965). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1872)
12. Foerster, J., Higgins, E. T., & Idson, L. C. (1998). Approach and avoidance strength during goal attainment: Regulatory focus and the "goal looms larger" effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1115-1131.
13. Fridlund, A. J. (1994). Human facial expression: An evolutionary view. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
14. Hess, U., Blairy, S., & Kleck, R. E. (2000). The influence of facial emotion displays, gender, and ethnicity on judgments of dominance and affiliation. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 24, 265-283.
15. Jarvis, B. G. (2004). DirectRT research software (Version 2004) [Computer software]. New York: Empirisoft.
16. Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1997). Motivated attention: Affect, activation, and action. In P. J. Lang & R. F. Simons (Eds.), Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes (pp. 97-135). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
17. Marsh, A. A., Adams, R. B., Jr., & Kleck, R. E. (2005). Why do fear and anger look the way they do? Form and social function in facial expressions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 73-86.
18. Matsumoto, D., & Ekman, P. (1988). Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE) [Slides]. San Francisco: Intercultural and Emotion Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University.
19. Morris, J. S., Frith, C. D., Perrett, D. I., Rowland, D., Young, A. W., Calder, A. J., & Dolan, R. J. (1996, October 31). A differential neural response in the human amygdala to fearful and happy facial expressions. Nature, 383, 812-815.
20. Öhman, A., & Mineka, S. (2001). Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning. Psychological Review, 108, 483-522.
21. Preuschoft, S. (1995). "Laughter" and "smiling" in macaques: An evolutionary perspective. De Meern, the Netherlands: Tessel Offset, B.V.
22. Preuschoft, S. (1999). Are primates behaviorists? Formal dominance, cognition, and free-floating rationales. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 113, 91-95.
23. Radke-Yarrow, M., Zahn-Waxler, C., Richardson, D. T., & Susman, A. (1994). Caring behavior in children of clinically depressed and well mothers. Child Development, 65, 1405-1414.
24. Rotteveel, M., & Phaf, R. H. (2004). Automatic affective evaluation does not automatically predispose for arm flexion and extension. Emotion, 4, 156-172.
25. Schachter, S. (1959). The psychology of affiliation. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
26. Schenkel, R. (1967). Submission: Its features in the wolf and dog. American Zoologist, 7, 319-329.
27. Smith, J. M., & Price, G. R. (1973, November). The logic of animal conflict. Nature, 246, 15-18.
28. Solarz, A. J. (1960). Latency of instrumental responses as a function of compatibility with the meaning of eliciting verbal signs. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 239-245.
29. Wagner, H. L., Buck, R., & Winterbotham, M. (1993). Communication of specific emotions: Gender differences in sending accuracy and communication measures. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 17, 29-53.
30. Whalen, P. J., Rauch, S. L., Etcoff, N. L., McInerney, S. C., Lee, M. B., & Jenike, M. A. (1998). Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdala activity without explicit knowledge. Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 411-418.
31. Whalen, P. J., Shin, L. M., McInerney, S. C., Fischer, H., Wright, C. I., & Rauch, S. L. (2001). A functional MRI study of human amygdala responses to facial expressions of fear versus anger. Emotion, 1, 70-83.