Basal sauropodomorphs (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Lower Jurassic of India: Their anatomy and relationships

Journal of Paleontology

Volumn 81, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 1218-1240

  Kutty, T S ^a   Chatterjee, Sankar ^b   Galton, Peter M ^c   Upchurch, Paul ^d  

^a INDIAN STATISTICAL INSTITUTE   (India)

^b TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRIDGEPORT   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANATOMY; DINOSAUR; JURASSIC; NEW TAXON; SKELETON;

DINOSAURIA; SATURNALIA; SAURISCHIA; SAUROPODA; SAUROPODOMORPHA;

EID: 36248952846     PISSN: 00223360     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1666/04-074.1     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. ALEXANDER, R. MCN., A. S. JAYES, G. M. O. MALOYI, AND E. M. WATHUATA. 1979. Allometry of the limb bones of mammals from shrews (Sorex) to elephant (Loxodonta). Journal of Zoology, 189:305-314.
2. BAKKER, R. T. 1978. Dinosaur feeding behavior and the origin of flowering plants. Nature, 274:661-663.
3. BANDOPADHYAY, S. AND T. K. ROY CHOWDHURY. 1996. Beginning of the continental Jurassic in India: a paleontological approach. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, 60:371-378.
4. BENTON, M. J., L. JUUL, G. W. STORRS, AND P. M. GALTON. 2000. Anatomy and systematics of the prosauropod dinosaur Thecodontosaurus antiquus from the Upper Triassic of southwest England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 20:71-102.
5. BONAPARTE, J. F. 1972. Los tetrapods del sector superior de la Formacíon Los Colorados, La Rioja, Argentina (Triassico superior). Opera Lilloana, 22:1-183.
6. BONAPARTE, J. F. 1978. Coloradia brevis n. g. et sp. (Saurischia - Prosauropoda) dinosaurio Plateosauridae de la Formacion Los Colorados., Triasico superior de La Rioja, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 15:327-332.
7. BONAPARTE, J. F., J. FERIGOLO, AND A. M. RIBEIRO. 1999. A new early Late Triassic saurischian dinosaur from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, p. 89-109. In Y. Tomida, T. H. Rich, and P. Vickers-Rich (eds.), Proceedings of the Second Gondwana Symposium. National Science Museum Monograph, 15, Tokyo.
8. BONAPARTE, J. F. AND J. A. PUMARES. 1995. Notas sobre el primer craneo de Riojasaurus incertus (Dinosauria, Prosauroopoda, Melanorosauridae) del Triassico Superior de La Rioja, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 32:341-349.
9. BUFFETAUT, E., V. SUTEETHORN, G. CUNY, H. TONG, J. LE LOEFF, S. KHANSUBHA, AND S. JONGUTCHARIYAKUL. 2000. The earliest known sauropod dinosaur. Nature, 407:72-74.
10. CHATTERJEE, S. 1974. A rhynchosaur from the Upper Triassic Maleri Formation of India. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 267:209-261.
11. CHATTERJEE, S. 1978. A primitive parasuchid (phytosaur) reptile from the Upper Triassic Maleri Fornmation of India. Palaeontology, 21:83-127.
12. CHATTERJEE, S. 1991. Cranial anatomy of a new Triassic bird from Texas. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 332:277-342.
13. CHATTERJEE, S. AND C. R. SCOTESE. 1999. The breakup of Gondwana and the evolution and biogeography of the Indian plate. Proceedings of the Indian Science Academy, 65A:397-425.
14. CHATTERJEE, S. AND Z. ZHENG. 2002. Cranial anatomy and relationships of Shunosaurus, a basal sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of China. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 136:145-169.
15. CHRISTIAN, A. AND H. PREUSCHOFT. 1996. Deducing the body posture of extinct large vertebrates from the shape of the vertebral column. Palaeontology, 39:801-812.
16. COLBERT, E. H. 1958. Relationships of the Triassic Maleri fauna. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India, 3:68-81.
17. DONG, Z., S. ZHOU, AND S. ZHANG. 1983. The dinosaurian remains from Sichuan Basin, China. Paleontologica Sinica (Series C), 23:1-145.
18. FLYNN, J. F., J. M. PARRISH, B. R AKOTOSAMIMANANA, W. F. SIMPSON, R. L. WHATLEY, AND A. R. WYSS. 1998. A Triassic fauna from Madagascar, including early dinosaurs. Science, 286:763-765.
19. GALTON, P. M. 1973. On the anatomy and relationships of Efraasia diagnostica (Huene) n. gen., a prosauropod dinosaur (Reptilia: Saurischia) from the Upper Triassic of Germany. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 47:229-255.
20. GALTON, P. M. 1974. The ornithischian dinosaur Hypsilophodon from the Wealden of the Isle of Wight. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology, 25:1-152c.
21. GALTON, P. M. 1976. Prosauropod dinosaurs (Reptilia: Saurischia) of North America. Postilla, 169:1-98.
22. GALTON, P. M. 1984a. Cranial anatomy of the prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus from the Knollenmergel (Middle Keuper, Upper Triassic) of Germany. I. Two complete skulls from Trossingen/Württemberg with comments on the diet. Geologica et Palaeontologica, 18:139-171.
23. GALTON, P. M. 1984b. An early prosauropod dinosaur from the Upper Triassic of Nordwürttemberg, West Germany. Stuttgarter Berträge zur Naturkunde (Series B), 116:1-29.
24. GALTON, P. M. 1985. Cranial anatomy of prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus from the Knollenmergel (Middle Keuper, Upper Triassic) of Germany. II. All the cranial material and details of soft-part anatomy. Geologica et Palaeontologica, 19:119-159.
25. GALTON, P. M. 1990. Basal Sauropodomorpha-Prosauropoda, p. 320-344. In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley.
26. GALTON, P. M. 1998. Saurischian dinosaurs from the Upper Triassic of England: Camelotia (Prosauropoda, Melanorosauridae) and Avalonius (Theropoda, ?Carnosauria). Palaeontographica A, 250:155-172.
27. GALTON, P. M. 2000. Are Spondylosoma and Staurikosaurus (Santa Maria Formation, Middle-Upper Triassic) of (Brazil) the oldest saurischian dinosaurs? Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 74:393-423.
28. GALTON, P. M. AND P. UPCHURCH. 2004. Prosauropoda, p. 232-258. In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley. (character information at: http://dinosauria. ucpress.edu)
29. GALTON, P. M. AND J. V. HEERDEN. 1998. Anatomy of the prosauropod dinosaur Blikanasaurus cromptoni (Upper Triassic, South Africa), with notes on other tetrapods from the lower Elliot Formation. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 72:163-177.
30. GALTON, P. M., J. V. HEERDEN, AND A. M. YATES. 2005. The postcranial anatomy of referred specimens of the sauropodomorph dinosaur Melanorosaurus from the Upper Triassic of South Africa, p. 1-37. In V. Tidwell and K. Carpenter (eds.), Thunder-Lizards. The Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
31. GAUFFRE, F.-X. 1993. The prosauropod dinosaur Azendohsaurus laarousii from the Upper Triassic of Morocco. Palaeontology, 36:897-908.
32. GAUTHIER, J. A. 1986. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds, p. 1-55. In K. Padian (ed.), The Origin of Birds and the Evolution of Flight. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, 8.
33. HAMMER, W. R. AND W. J. HICKERSON. 1994. A crested theropod dinosaur from Antarctica. Science, 264:828-830.
34. HEERDEN, J. VAN. 1997. Prosauropoda, p. 242-263. In J. O. Farlow and M. K. Brett-Surman (eds.), The Complete Dinosaur. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
35. HUENE, F. V. 1907-1908. Die Dinosaurier der europäischen Triasformationen mit Berückischtigung der aussereuropäischen Vokrommnisse. Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Supplement, 1:1-419.
36. HUENE, F. V. 1926. Vollsändige Osteologie eines Plateosauriden aus dem schwäbischen keuper. Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Neue Folge, 15:129-179.
37. HUENE, F. V. 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Paläontologie, 4:1-361.
38. HUENE, F. V. 1940. The tetrapod fauna of the Upper Triassic Maleri beds. Palaeontologia Indica (n.s.), 32:1-42.
39. JAEKEL, O. 1913-1914. Über die Wirbeltierfunde in der oberen Trias von Halberstadt. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, 1(1):155-160 (1913); (2):161-215 (1914).
40. JAIN, S. L., T. S. KUTTY, T. ROY CHOWDHURY, AND S. CHATTERJEE. 1975. The sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Kota Formation of India. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A, 188:221-228.
41. JAIN, S. L., T. S. KUTTY, T. ROY CHOWDHURY, AND S. CHATTERJEE. 1979. Some characters of Barapasaurus tagorei, a sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Deccan, India. Proceedings of the IV International Gondwana Symposium, Calcutta, 1:204-216.
42. JALIL, N.-E. AND F. KNOLL. 2002. Is Azendohsaurus laarousii (Carnian, Morocco) a dinosaur? Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 22(supplement to 3)70A.
43. KUTTY, T. S. 1969. Some contributions to the stratigraphy of the Upper Gondwana Formations of the Pranhita-Godavari Valley, Central India, Journal of the Geological Society of India, 10:33-48.
44. KUTTY, T. S. AND D. P. SENGUPTA. 1989. The Late Triassic formations of the Pranhita-Godavari Valley and their vertebrate faunal succession - a reappraisal. Indian Journal of Earth Sciences, 16:189-206.
45. KUTTY, T. S., S. L. JAIN, AND T. ROY CHOWDHURY. 1987. Gondwana sequence of the northern Pranhita-Godavari Valley: its stratigraphy and vertebrate faunas. The Palaeobotanist, 36:214-229.
46. LANGER, M. C. 2004. The pelvic and hind limb anatomy of the stem-sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil). PaleoBios, 23(2):1-40.
47. LANGER, M. C., F. ABDALA, M. RICHTER, AND M. J. BENTON. 1999. A sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of southern Brazil. Comptes Rendu Academy de Sciences Paris, de la Terre et des Plantes, 329:511-517.
48. MARSH, O. C. 1878. Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs, Pt. I, American Journal of Science (series 3), 16:411-416.
49. MCINTOSH, J. S. 1990. Sauropoda, p. 345-407. In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley.
50. OLSEN, P. E. AND P. M. GALTON. 1977. Triassic-Jurassic terrestrial extinctions: are they real? Science, 197:983-986.
51. OLSEN, P. E. AND P. M. GALTON. 1984. A review of the reptile and amphibian assemblages from the Stormberg of southern Africa, with special emphasis on the footprints and the age of the Stormberg. Palaeontologia Africana, 25:87-110.
52. OLSEN, P. E. AND H. D. SUES. 1986. Correlation of continental Late Triassic and Early Jurassic sediments, and patterns of the Triassic-Jurassic tetrapod transition, p. 321-351. In K. Padian (ed.), The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs. Cambridge University Press, New York.
53. OWEN, R. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles, Pt. II, Annual Report of the Association for the Advancement of Science, 1841, 9:60-204.
54. PARRISH, J. M. 1998. The origin of high browsing: the paleoecological significance of the sauropodomroph bauplan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18(supplement to 3):69A.
55. RAATH, M. A. 1972. Fossil vertebrate studies in Rhodesia. A new dinosaur (Reptilia: Saurischia) from near the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Arnoldia, 5(30):1-37.
56. RAUHUT, O. W. M. 2003. The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 69:1-213.
57. RICH, T. H., R. A. GANGLOFF, AND W. R HAMMER. 1997. Polar dinosaurs, p. 562-573. In P. J. Currie and K. Padian (eds.), Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs. Academic Press, New York.
58. ROY CHOWDHURY, T. 1965. A new metoposaurid amphibian from the Upper Triassic Maleri Formation of Central India. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 250:1-52.
59. SEEBACHER, F. 2001. A new method to calculate allometric length-mass relationships of dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 21:51-60.
60. SERENO, P. C. 1989. Prosauropod monophyly and basal sauropodomorph phylogeny. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontolology, 9(supplement to 3):38A.
61. SERENO, P. C. 1999. The evolution of dinosaurs. Science, 284:2137-2147.
62. SHUBIN, N. H. AND H.-D. SUES. 1991. Biogeography of early Mesozoic continental tetrapods: pattern and implications. Paleobiology, 17:214-230.
63. SUES, H. D., J. M. CLARK, AND F. A. JENKINS JR. 1994. A review of the Early Jurassic tetrapods from the Glen Canyon Group of the American Southwest, p. 284-294. In N. C. Fraser and H.-D. Sues (eds.), In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs. Cambridge University Press, New York.
64. SWOFFORD, D. L. 2004. PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony, Version 4.0b10. Macmillan, London.
65. THULBORN, R. A. 1990. Dinosaur Tracks. Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 1-389.
66. UPCHURCH, P. 1995. The evolutionary history of sauropod dinosaurs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 349:365-390.
67. UPCHURCH, P. 1998. The phylogenetic relationships of sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 124:43-103.
68. UPCHURCH, P. AND P. M. BARRETT. 2000. The evolution of sauropod feeding mechanisms. p. 79-122. In H.-D. Sues (ed.), Evolution of Herbivory in Terrestrial Vertebrates: Perspectives from the Fossil Record. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
69. UPCHURCH, P. AND J. MARTIN. 2003. The anatomy and taxonomy of Cetiosaurus (Saurischia, Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23:208-231.
70. UPCHURCH, P., P. M. BARRETT, AND P. DODSON. 2004. Sauropoda, p. 259-324. In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley.
71. VICKERS-RICH, P., T. H. RICH, G. C. MCNAMARA, AND A. MILNER. 1999. Is Agrosaurus macgillivrayi Australia's oldest dinosaur? Records of Western Australian Museum, Supplement No. 57:191-200.
72. WEDEL, M. J. 2005. Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropods and its implications for mass estimates, p. 201-228. In K. A. Curry Rogers and J. A. Wilson (eds.), The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology. University of California Press, Berkeley.
73. WELLES, S. P. 1984. Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda): osteology and comparisons. Palaeontographica A, 185:85-180.
74. WILSON, J. A. 1999. A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 19:639-653.
75. WILSON, J. A. 2002. Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 136:217-276.
76. WILSON, J. A. 2005. Integrating ichnofossil and body fossil records to estimate locomotor posture and spatiotemporal distribution of early sauropod dinosaurs: a stratocladistic approach. Paleobiology, 31:400-423.
77. WILSON, J. A. AND P. C. SERENO. 1998. Early evolution and higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Memoir of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 5:1-68.
78. WITMER, L. M. 1997. Craniofacial air sinuses, p. 151-159. In P. J. Currie and K. Padian (eds.), Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs. Academic Press, New York.
79. WU, X. C. AND S. CHATTERJEE. 1993. Dibothrosuchus elaphros, a crocodylomorph from the Early Jurassic of China and the phylogeny of the Sphenosuchia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 13:58-89.
80. YATES, A. M. 2003a. A new species of the primitive dinosaur Thecodontosaurus (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) and its implications for the systematics of early dinosaurs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 1:1-42.
81. YATES, A. M. 2003b. The species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Löwenstein Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of Germany. Palaeontology, 46:317-337.
82. YATES, A. M. 2004. Anchisaurus polyzelus (Hitchcock): The smallest known sauropod dinosaur and the evolution of gigantism amongst sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Postilla, 230:1-58.
83. YATES, A. M. AND J. W. KITCHING, 2003. The earliest known sauropod dinosaur and the first steps towards sauropod locomotion. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 270:1753-1758. (character information at: http://www.pubs.royalsoc.ac.uk).
84. YOUNG, C. C. 1942. Yunnanosaurus huangi (gen. et sp. nov.), a new prosauropod from the red beds at Lufeng, Yunnan. Bulleton Geological Society of China, 22:63-104.
85. YOUNG, C. C. 1951. The Lufeng saurischian fauna in China. Palaeontologia Sinica (series C), 13:1-96.