메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 613-621

Atherosclerosis imaging as a benchmark in the development of novel cardiovasular drugs

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular disease; Clinical endpoint; Imaging; Surrogate endpoint

Indexed keywords

ATORVASTATIN; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENT; COLESTIPOL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; MEVINOLIN; NICOTINIC ACID; PLACEBO; PRAVASTATIN; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; STATIN; TORCETRAPIB;

EID: 36048959491     PISSN: 09579672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e3282f19608     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (26)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 0024520844 scopus 로고
    • Surrogate endpoints in clinical trials: Definition and operational criteria
    • Prentice RL. Surrogate endpoints in clinical trials: definition and operational criteria. Stat Med 1989; 8:431-440.
    • (1989) Stat Med , vol.8 , pp. 431-440
    • Prentice, R.L.1
  • 2
  • 4
    • 0023002525 scopus 로고
    • Intimal plus medial thickness of the arterial wall: A direct measurement with ultrasound imaging
    • Pignoli P, Tremoli E, Poli A, et al. Intimal plus medial thickness of the arterial wall: a direct measurement with ultrasound imaging. Circulation 1986; 74:1399-1406.
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.74 , pp. 1399-1406
    • Pignoli, P.1    Tremoli, E.2    Poli, A.3
  • 5
    • 0023855171 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonographic measurement of the common carotid artery wall thickness in hypercholesterolemic patients: A new model for the quantification and follow up of preclinical atherosclerosis
    • Poli A, Tremoli E, Colombo A, et al. Ultrasonographic measurement of the common carotid artery wall thickness in hypercholesterolemic patients: a new model for the quantification and follow up of preclinical atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 1988; 70:253-261.
    • (1988) Atherosclerosis , vol.70 , pp. 253-261
    • Poli, A.1    Tremoli, E.2    Colombo, A.3
  • 6
    • 0028369367 scopus 로고
    • George Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture. Arterial imaging and atherosclerosis reversal
    • Blankenhorn DH, Hodis HN. George Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture. Arterial imaging and atherosclerosis reversal. Arterioscler Thromb 1994; 14:177-192.
    • (1994) Arterioscler Thromb , vol.14 , pp. 177-192
    • Blankenhorn, D.H.1    Hodis, H.N.2
  • 7
    • 0030848434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of coronary heart disease incidence with carotid arterial wall thickness and major risk factors: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987-1993
    • Chambless LE, Heiss G, Folsom AR, et al. Association of coronary heart disease incidence with carotid arterial wall thickness and major risk factors: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987-1993. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146:483-494.
    • (1997) Am J Epidemiol , vol.146 , pp. 483-494
    • Chambless, L.E.1    Heiss, G.2    Folsom, A.R.3
  • 8
    • 0033531215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group: Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults
    • O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, et al. The Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group: carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:14-22.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 14-22
    • O'Leary, D.H.1    Polak, J.F.2    Kronmal, R.A.3
  • 9
    • 0030826182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common carotid intima-media thickness and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: The Rotterdam Study
    • Bots ML, Hoes AW, Koudstaal PJ, et al. Common carotid intima-media thickness and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: The Rotterdam Study. Circulation 1997; 96:1432-1437.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 1432-1437
    • Bots, M.L.1    Hoes, A.W.2    Koudstaal, P.J.3
  • 10
    • 0037129863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid plaques increase the risk of stroke and subtypes of cerebral infarction in asymptomatic elderly: The Rotterdam Study
    • Hollander M, Bots ML, del Sol AI, et al. Carotid plaques increase the risk of stroke and subtypes of cerebral infarction in asymptomatic elderly: The Rotterdam Study. Circulation 2002; 105:2872-2877.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 2872-2877
    • Hollander, M.1    Bots, M.L.2    del Sol, A.I.3
  • 11
    • 18044365616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incident coronary events and case fatality in relation to common carotid intima-media thickness
    • Rosvall M, Janzon L, Berglund G. Incident coronary events and case fatality in relation to common carotid intima-media thickness. J Intern Med 2005; 257:430-437.
    • (2005) J Intern Med , vol.257 , pp. 430-437
    • Rosvall, M.1    Janzon, L.2    Berglund, G.3
  • 12
    • 14944383486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of stroke is related to carotid IMT even in the absence of plaque
    • Rosvall M, Janzon L, Berglund G. Incidence of stroke is related to carotid IMT even in the absence of plaque. Atherosclerosis 2005; 179:325-331.
    • (2005) Atherosclerosis , vol.179 , pp. 325-331
    • Rosvall, M.1    Janzon, L.2    Berglund, G.3
  • 13
    • 33644873556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lorenz MW, von Kegler S, Steinmetz H, et al. Carotid intima-media thickening indicates a higher vascular risk across a wide age range: prospective data from the Carotid Atherosclerosis Progression Study (CAPS). Stroke 2006; 37:87-92. Epidemiological study showing that carotid IMT independently predicts future vascular events and that its predictive value is at least as high in younger subjects as in older subjects.
    • Lorenz MW, von Kegler S, Steinmetz H, et al. Carotid intima-media thickening indicates a higher vascular risk across a wide age range: prospective data from the Carotid Atherosclerosis Progression Study (CAPS). Stroke 2006; 37:87-92. Epidemiological study showing that carotid IMT independently predicts future vascular events and that its predictive value is at least as high in younger subjects as in older subjects.
  • 14
    • 33846609195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of clinical cardiovascular events with carotid intima-media thickness: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • A meta-analysis of data from eight epidemiological studies showing that carotid IMT is a strong predictor of future vascular events
    • Lorenz MW, Markus HS, Bots ML, et al. Prediction of clinical cardiovascular events with carotid intima-media thickness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation 2007; 115:459-467. A meta-analysis of data from eight epidemiological studies showing that carotid IMT is a strong predictor of future vascular events.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 459-467
    • Lorenz, M.W.1    Markus, H.S.2    Bots, M.L.3
  • 15
    • 0032845310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in intima-media thickness in the carotid and femoral arteries in familial hypercholesterolemic heterozygotes with and without clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease
    • Wittekoek ME, de Groot E, Prins MH, et al. Differences in intima-media thickness in the carotid and femoral arteries in familial hypercholesterolemic heterozygotes with and without clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 1999; 146:271-279.
    • (1999) Atherosclerosis , vol.146 , pp. 271-279
    • Wittekoek, M.E.1    de Groot, E.2    Prins, M.H.3
  • 16
    • 1642422255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atherosclerosis measured by B-Mode ultrasonography: Effect of statin therapy on disease progression
    • Kastelein JJP, de Groot E, Sankatsing RR. Atherosclerosis measured by B-Mode ultrasonography: effect of statin therapy on disease progression. Am J Med 2004; 116:31-36.
    • (2004) Am J Med , vol.116 , pp. 31-36
    • Kastelein, J.J.P.1    de Groot, E.2    Sankatsing, R.R.3
  • 17
    • 0842326456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arterial intima-media thickness in children heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolaemia
    • Wiegman A, de Groot E, Hutten BA, et al. Arterial intima-media thickness in children heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolaemia. Lancet 2004; 363:369-370.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 369-370
    • Wiegman, A.1    de Groot, E.2    Hutten, B.A.3
  • 18
    • 3142717531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of statin therapy in children with familial hypercholesterolemia: A randomized controlled trial
    • Wiegman A, Hutten BA, de Groot E, et al. Efficacy and safety of statin therapy in children with familial hypercholesterolemia: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2004; 292:331-337.
    • (2004) J Am Med Assoc , vol.292 , pp. 331-337
    • Wiegman, A.1    Hutten, B.A.2    de Groot, E.3
  • 19
    • 34548186503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin treatment in children with familial hypercholesterolemia: The younger, the better
    • A study that shows that early initiation of statin therapy in children with familial hypercholesterolemia might be beneficial in the prevention of atherosclerosis in adolescence
    • Rodenburg J, Vissers MN, Wiegman A, et al. Statin treatment in children with familial hypercholesterolemia: the younger, the better. Circulation 2007; 116:664-668. A study that shows that early initiation of statin therapy in children with familial hypercholesterolemia might be beneficial in the prevention of atherosclerosis in adolescence.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 664-668
    • Rodenburg, J.1    Vissers, M.N.2    Wiegman, A.3
  • 20
    • 0037022001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between increased arterial-wall thickness and impairment in ABCA1-driven cholesterol efflux: An observational study
    • Van Dam MJ, de Groot E, Clee SM, et al. Association between increased arterial-wall thickness and impairment in ABCA1-driven cholesterol efflux: an observational study. Lancet 2002; 359:37-42.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 37-42
    • Van Dam, M.J.1    de Groot, E.2    Clee, S.M.3
  • 21
    • 4644356978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel apoA-I mutation (L178P) leads to endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial wall thickness, and premature coronary artery disease
    • Hovingh GK, Brownlie A, Bisoendial RJ, et al. A novel apoA-I mutation (L178P) leads to endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial wall thickness, and premature coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44:1429-1435.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.44 , pp. 1429-1435
    • Hovingh, G.K.1    Brownlie, A.2    Bisoendial, R.J.3
  • 22
    • 33745948636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wang JG, Staessen JA, Li Y, et al. Carotid intima-media thickness and antihypertensive treatment. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke 2006; 37:1933-1940. A meta-analysis showing that antihypertensive treatment reduces carotid intima-media thickening.
    • Wang JG, Staessen JA, Li Y, et al. Carotid intima-media thickness and antihypertensive treatment. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke 2006; 37:1933-1940. A meta-analysis showing that antihypertensive treatment reduces carotid intima-media thickening.
  • 23
    • 33947584656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of antihypertensive therapy on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • A study showing that the antiatherogenic effect of antihypertensive agents can be detected by B-mode ultrasound in patients with diabetes mellitus
    • Zheng L, Hodis HN, Buchanan TA, et al. Effect of antihypertensive therapy on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99:956-960. A study showing that the antiatherogenic effect of antihypertensive agents can be detected by B-mode ultrasound in patients with diabetes mellitus.
    • (2007) Am J Cardiol , vol.99 , pp. 956-960
    • Zheng, L.1    Hodis, H.N.2    Buchanan, T.A.3
  • 24
    • 33845491101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of polymorphisms in the CRP gene with circulating C-reactive protein levels and cardiovascular events
    • An interesting study, showing that there is no association between carotid intima-media thickness and C-reactive protein gene polymorphisms
    • Lange LA, Carlson CS, Hindorff LA, et al. Association of polymorphisms in the CRP gene with circulating C-reactive protein levels and cardiovascular events. J Am Med Assoc 2006; 296:2703-2711. An interesting study, showing that there is no association between carotid intima-media thickness and C-reactive protein gene polymorphisms.
    • (2006) J Am Med Assoc , vol.296 , pp. 2703-2711
    • Lange, L.A.1    Carlson, C.S.2    Hindorff, L.A.3
  • 25
    • 33845717106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lee WY, Allison MA, Kim DJ, et al. Association of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (the Rancho Bernardo Study). Am J Cardiol 2007; 99:99-102. A study showing that interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein are associated with carotid intima-media thickness, but the association of C-reactive protein was independent of interleukin-6.
    • Lee WY, Allison MA, Kim DJ, et al. Association of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (the Rancho Bernardo Study). Am J Cardiol 2007; 99:99-102. A study showing that interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein are associated with carotid intima-media thickness, but the association of C-reactive protein was independent of interleukin-6.
  • 26
    • 34248663781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of multiple inflammatory markers with carotid intimal medial thickness and stenosis (from the Framingham Heart Study)
    • A large study showing a correlation between C-reactive protein and internal carotid intima-media thickness, but not with common carotid intima-media thickness or carotid stenosis
    • Thakore AH, Guo CY, Larson MG, et al. Association of multiple inflammatory markers with carotid intimal medial thickness and stenosis (from the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 2007; 99:1598-1602. A large study showing a correlation between C-reactive protein and internal carotid intima-media thickness, but not with common carotid intima-media thickness or carotid stenosis.
    • (2007) Am J Cardiol , vol.99 , pp. 1598-1602
    • Thakore, A.H.1    Guo, C.Y.2    Larson, M.G.3
  • 27
    • 34347337594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of carotid artery intima-media thickness, plaques, and C-reactive protein with future cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study
    • A study showing that, in older adults, elevated C-reactive protein was associated with increased risk for CVD and all-cause mortality only in those with detectable atherosclerosis based on carotid ultrasound
    • Cao JJ, Arnold AM, Manolio TA, et al. Association of carotid artery intima-media thickness, plaques, and C-reactive protein with future cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Circulation 2007; 116:32-38. A study showing that, in older adults, elevated C-reactive protein was associated with increased risk for CVD and all-cause mortality only in those with detectable atherosclerosis based on carotid ultrasound.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 32-38
    • Cao, J.J.1    Arnold, A.M.2    Manolio, T.A.3
  • 28
    • 34248343849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between the Framingham risk score and intima media thickness: The Paroi Artérielle et Risque Cardiovasculaire (PARC) study
    • A study showing that there is no clear correlation between CIMT and Framingham Risk Score
    • Touboul PJ, Vicaut E, Labreuche J, et al. Correlation between the Framingham risk score and intima media thickness: The Paroi Artérielle et Risque Cardiovasculaire (PARC) study. Atherosclerosis 2007; 192:363-369. A study showing that there is no clear correlation between CIMT and Framingham Risk Score.
    • (2007) Atherosclerosis , vol.192 , pp. 363-369
    • Touboul, P.J.1    Vicaut, E.2    Labreuche, J.3
  • 30
    • 36048987571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grewal J, Anand S, Islam S, et al. Prevalence and predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis among asymptomatic 'low risk' individuals in a multiethnic population. Atherosclerosis 2007 [Epub ahead of print]. A study showing that many individuals classified at low CHD risk by the Framingham Score have subclinical atherosclerosis.
    • Grewal J, Anand S, Islam S, et al. Prevalence and predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis among asymptomatic 'low risk' individuals in a multiethnic population. Atherosclerosis 2007 [Epub ahead of print]. A study showing that many individuals classified at low CHD risk by the Framingham Score have subclinical atherosclerosis.
  • 31
    • 26244432388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of cholesterol lowering treatment: Prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomized trials of statins
    • Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, et al. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomized trials of statins. Lancet 2005; 366:1267-1278.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1267-1278
    • Baigent, C.1    Keech, A.2    Kearney, P.M.3
  • 32
    • 11844296800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-increasing compounds. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Birjmohun RS, Hutten BA, Kastelein JP, et al. Efficacy and safety of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-increasing compounds. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45:185-197.
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.45 , pp. 185-197
    • Birjmohun, R.S.1    Hutten, B.A.2    Kastelein, J.P.3
  • 33
    • 0028910703 scopus 로고
    • Pravastatin, lipids and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries (PLAC-II)
    • Crouse JR 3rd, Byington RP, Bond MG, et al. Pravastatin, lipids and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries (PLAC-II). Am J Cardiol 1995; 75:455-459.
    • (1995) Am J Cardiol , vol.75 , pp. 455-459
    • Crouse 3rd, J.R.1    Byington, R.P.2    Bond, M.G.3
  • 34
    • 0029102150 scopus 로고
    • Pravastatin, lipids and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries (PLAC-II)
    • Byington RB, Furberg CD, Crouse JR 3rd, et al. Pravastatin, lipids and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries (PLAC-II). Am J Cardiol 1995; 76:54C-59C.
    • (1995) Am J Cardiol , vol.76
    • Byington, R.B.1    Furberg, C.D.2    Crouse 3rd, J.R.3
  • 35
    • 0029978197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in carotid arterial wall thickness using lovastatin and dietary therapy: A randomized controlled clinical trial (MARS)
    • Hodis HN, Mack WJ, LaBree L, et al. Reduction in carotid arterial wall thickness using lovastatin and dietary therapy: a randomized controlled clinical trial (MARS). Ann Intern Med 1996; 124:548-556.
    • (1996) Ann Intern Med , vol.124 , pp. 548-556
    • Hodis, H.N.1    Mack, W.J.2    LaBree, L.3
  • 36
    • 0032510658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of lowering average or below-average cholesterol levels on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Results of the LIPID atherosclerosis substudy. LIPID Trial Research Group
    • MacMahon S, Sharpe N, Gamble G, et al. Effects of lowering average or below-average cholesterol levels on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Results of the LIPID atherosclerosis substudy. LIPID Trial Research Group. Circulation 1998; 97:1784-1790.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 1784-1790
    • MacMahon, S.1    Sharpe, N.2    Gamble, G.3
  • 37
    • 0031777596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-mode ultrasound assessment of pravastatin treatment effect on carotid and femoral artery walls and its correlations with coronary arteriographic findings: A report of the Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS)
    • De Groot E, Jukema JW, Montauban van Swijndregt AD, et al. B-mode ultrasound assessment of pravastatin treatment effect on carotid and femoral artery walls and its correlations with coronary arteriographic findings: a report of the Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS). J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 31:1561-1567.
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.31 , pp. 1561-1567
    • De Groot, E.1    Jukema, J.W.2    Montauban van Swijndregt, A.D.3
  • 38
    • 0035941786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolaemia (ASAP): A prospective, randomised, double-blind trial
    • Smilde TJ, van Wissen S, Wollersheim H, et al. Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolaemia (ASAP): a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2001; 357:577-581.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 577-581
    • Smilde, T.J.1    van Wissen, S.2    Wollersheim, H.3
  • 39
    • 0035089278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and rationale of the ARBITER trial (Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol) - a randomized trial comparing the effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on carotid artery intima-media thickness
    • Markwood TT, Kent SM, Coyle LC, et al. Design and rationale of the ARBITER trial (Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol) - a randomized trial comparing the effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on carotid artery intima-media thickness. Am Heart J 2001; 141:342-347.
    • (2001) Am Heart J , vol.141 , pp. 342-347
    • Markwood, T.T.1    Kent, S.M.2    Coyle, L.C.3
  • 40
    • 0037109137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ARBITER: Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol: a randomized trial comparing the effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on carotid intima medial thickness
    • Taylor AJ, Kent SM, Flaherty PJ, et al. ARBITER: Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol: a randomized trial comparing the effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on carotid intima medial thickness. Circulation 2002; 106:2055-2060.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 2055-2060
    • Taylor, A.J.1    Kent, S.M.2    Flaherty, P.J.3
  • 41
    • 0028020982 scopus 로고
    • Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) Research Group
    • Furberg CD, Adams HP Jr, Applegate WB, et al. Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) Research Group. Circulation 1994; 90:1679-1687.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 1679-1687
    • Furberg, C.D.1    Adams Jr, H.P.2    Applegate, W.B.3
  • 42
    • 0035799330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose metroprolol CR/XL and fluvastatin slow progression of carotid intima-media thickness: Main results from the Beta-Blocker Cholesterol-Lowering Asymptomatic Plaque Study (BCAPS)
    • Hedblad B, Wikstrand J, Janzon L, et al. Low-dose metroprolol CR/XL and fluvastatin slow progression of carotid intima-media thickness: main results from the Beta-Blocker Cholesterol-Lowering Asymptomatic Plaque Study (BCAPS). Circulation 2001; 103:1721-1726.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 1721-1726
    • Hedblad, B.1    Wikstrand, J.2    Janzon, L.3
  • 43
    • 8244249463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pravastatin reduces carotid intima-media thickness progression in an asymptomatic hypercholesterolemic Mediterranean population: The Carotid Atherosclerosis Italian Ultrasound Study
    • Mercuri M, Bond MG, Sirtori CR, et al. Pravastatin reduces carotid intima-media thickness progression in an asymptomatic hypercholesterolemic Mediterranean population: the Carotid Atherosclerosis Italian Ultrasound Study. Am J Med 1996; 101:627-634.
    • (1996) Am J Med , vol.101 , pp. 627-634
    • Mercuri, M.1    Bond, M.G.2    Sirtori, C.R.3
  • 44
    • 0029096765 scopus 로고
    • A population-based primary preventive trial of the effect of LDL lowering on atherosclerosis progression in carotid and femoral arteries
    • Salonen R, Nyyssönen K, Porkkala E, et al. A population-based primary preventive trial of the effect of LDL lowering on atherosclerosis progression in carotid and femoral arteries. Circulation 1995; 92:1758-1764.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 1758-1764
    • Salonen, R.1    Nyyssönen, K.2    Porkkala, E.3
  • 45
    • 10044281651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arterial biology for the investigation of the treatment effect of reducing cholesterol (ARBITER) 2. A double-blind, placebo controlled study of extended-release niacin on atherosclerosis progression in secondary prevention patients treated with statins
    • Taylor AJ, Sullenberger LE, Lee HJ, et al. Arterial biology for the investigation of the treatment effect of reducing cholesterol (ARBITER) 2. A double-blind, placebo controlled study of extended-release niacin on atherosclerosis progression in secondary prevention patients treated with statins. Circulation 2004; 110:3512-3517.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 3512-3517
    • Taylor, A.J.1    Sullenberger, L.E.2    Lee, H.J.3
  • 46
    • 33751217682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of 24 months of combination statin and extended-release niacin on carotid intima-media thickness: ARBITER 3
    • Taylor AJ, Lee HJ, Sullenberg LE. The effect of 24 months of combination statin and extended-release niacin on carotid intima-media thickness: ARBITER 3. Curr Med Res Opin 2006; 22:2243-2250.
    • (2006) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.22 , pp. 2243-2250
    • Taylor, A.J.1    Lee, H.J.2    Sullenberg, L.E.3
  • 47
    • 0027156348 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of cholestipol-niacin therapy on common carotid artery. Two- and four-year reduction in intima-media thickness measured by ultrasound
    • Blankenhorn DH, Selzer RH, Crawford DW, et al. Beneficial effects of cholestipol-niacin therapy on common carotid artery. Two- and four-year reduction in intima-media thickness measured by ultrasound. Circulation 1993; 88:20-28.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 20-28
    • Blankenhorn, D.H.1    Selzer, R.H.2    Crawford, D.W.3
  • 48
    • 0027380710 scopus 로고
    • One-year reduction and longitudinal analyses of carotid intima-media thickness associated with colestipol/niacin therapy
    • Mack WJ, Selzer RH, Hodis HN, et al. One-year reduction and longitudinal analyses of carotid intima-media thickness associated with colestipol/niacin therapy. Stroke 1993; 24:1779-1783.
    • (1993) Stroke , vol.24 , pp. 1779-1783
    • Mack, W.J.1    Selzer, R.H.2    Hodis, H.N.3
  • 49
    • 33947713026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rosuvastatin on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in low-risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis: The METEOR Trial
    • A randomized controlled trial showing that rosuvavastatin reduces the progression of atherosclerosis in subjects with low cardiovascular risk scores and asymptomatic atherosclerosis
    • Crouse JR 3rd, Raichlen JS, Riley WA, et al. Effect of rosuvastatin on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in low-risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis: the METEOR Trial. J Am Med Assoc 2007; 297:1344-1353. A randomized controlled trial showing that rosuvavastatin reduces the progression of atherosclerosis in subjects with low cardiovascular risk scores and asymptomatic atherosclerosis.
    • (2007) J Am Med Assoc , vol.297 , pp. 1344-1353
    • Crouse 3rd, J.R.1    Raichlen, J.S.2    Riley, W.A.3
  • 50
    • 34247241088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of torcetrapib on carotid atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia (RADIANCE 1)
    • A randomized controlled trial showing that CETP inhibition with torcetrapib significantly increases HDL-C levels and reduces LDL-C levels, but has no effect on the progression of atherosclerosis in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Kastelein JJP, van Leuven SI, Burgess L, et al. Effect of torcetrapib on carotid atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia (RADIANCE 1). N Engl J Med 2007; 356:1620-1630. A randomized controlled trial showing that CETP inhibition with torcetrapib significantly increases HDL-C levels and reduces LDL-C levels, but has no effect on the progression of atherosclerosis in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 1620-1630
    • Kastelein, J.J.P.1    van Leuven, S.I.2    Burgess, L.3
  • 51
    • 34447265547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bots ML, Visseren FL, Evans GW, et al. Torcetrapib and carotid intima-media thickness in mixed dyslipidemia (RADIANCE 2 study): a randomized controlled, double blind trial. Lancet 2007; 370:153-160. A randomized controlled trial showing that CETP inhibition with torcetrapib significantly increases HDL-C levels and reduces LDL-C levels, but has no effect on the progression of atherosclerosis in subjects with mixed dyslipidemia.
    • Bots ML, Visseren FL, Evans GW, et al. Torcetrapib and carotid intima-media thickness in mixed dyslipidemia (RADIANCE 2 study): a randomized controlled, double blind trial. Lancet 2007; 370:153-160. A randomized controlled trial showing that CETP inhibition with torcetrapib significantly increases HDL-C levels and reduces LDL-C levels, but has no effect on the progression of atherosclerosis in subjects with mixed dyslipidemia.
  • 52
    • 33845213542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol: The good, the bad, and the stopped trials
    • Cholesterol: the good, the bad, and the stopped trials. Lancet 2006; 368:2034.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 2034
  • 53
    • 0032519844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of carotid arterial intima-media thickness in predicting clinical coronary events
    • Hodis HN, Mack WJ, LaBree L, et al. The role of carotid arterial intima-media thickness in predicting clinical coronary events. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128:262-269.
    • (1998) Ann Intern Med , vol.128 , pp. 262-269
    • Hodis, H.N.1    Mack, W.J.2    LaBree, L.3
  • 54
    • 27544472697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid intimal-media thickness as a surrogate for cardiovascular disease events in trials of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
    • Espeland MA, O'Leary DH, James GT, et al. Carotid intimal-media thickness as a surrogate for cardiovascular disease events in trials of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Curr Contr Trials Cardiovasc Med 2005; 6:3.
    • (2005) Curr Contr Trials Cardiovasc Med , vol.6 , pp. 3
    • Espeland, M.A.1    O'Leary, D.H.2    James, G.T.3
  • 55
    • 0032572086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels (AFCAPS/TEXCAPS)
    • Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels (AFCAPS/TEXCAPS). J Am Med Assoc 1998; 279:1615-1622.
    • (1998) J Am Med Assoc , vol.279 , pp. 1615-1622
    • Downs, J.R.1    Clearfield, M.2    Weis, S.3
  • 56
    • 0028883828 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia (WOSCOPS)
    • Shepherd J, Cobb SM, Ford I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia (WOSCOPS). N Engl J Med 1995; 333:1301-1307.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1301-1307
    • Shepherd, J.1    Cobb, S.M.2    Ford, I.3
  • 57
    • 0037132607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT)
    • ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group
    • ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). J Am Med Assoc 2002; 288:2998-3007.
    • (2002) J Am Med Assoc , vol.288 , pp. 2998-3007
  • 58
    • 0342981862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels (CARE)
    • Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels (CARE). N Engl J Med 1996; 335:1001-1009.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 1001-1009
    • Sacks, F.M.1    Pfeffer, M.A.2    Moye, L.A.3
  • 59
    • 0032487931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels (LIPID)
    • LIPID Study Group
    • LIPID Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels (LIPID). N Engl J Med 1998; 339:1349-1357.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 1349-1357
  • 60
    • 0037164314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): A randomized controlled trial
    • Sheperd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360:1623-1630.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1623-1630
    • Sheperd, J.1    Blauw, G.J.2    Murphy, M.B.3
  • 61
    • 27744603499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose atorvastatin vs usual-dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction. The IDEAL study: A randomized controlled trial
    • Pedersen TR, Faergeman O, Kastelein JJP, et al. High-dose atorvastatin vs usual-dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction. The IDEAL study: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2005; 294:2437-2445.
    • (2005) J Am Med Assoc , vol.294 , pp. 2437-2445
    • Pedersen, T.R.1    Faergeman, O.2    Kastelein, J.J.P.3
  • 62
    • 33847171482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intensive versus moderate lipid-lowering therapy on myocardial ischemia in older patients with coronary heart disease. Results of the Study Assessing Goals in Elderly (SAGE)
    • Deedwania P, Stone PH, Bairey CN, et al. Effects of intensive versus moderate lipid-lowering therapy on myocardial ischemia in older patients with coronary heart disease. Results of the Study Assessing Goals in Elderly (SAGE). Circulation 2007; 115:700-707.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 700-707
    • Deedwania, P.1    Stone, P.H.2    Bairey, C.N.3
  • 63
    • 11144355354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes (PROVE IT)
    • Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes (PROVE IT). N Engl J Med 2004; 350:1495-1504.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 1495-1504
    • Cannon, C.P.1    Braunwald, E.2    McCabe, C.H.3
  • 64
    • 0031030620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of agressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and low-dose anticoagulation on obstructive changes in saphaenous-vein coronary-artery bypass grafts
    • Campeau L, Knatterud GL, Domanski M, et al. The effect of agressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and low-dose anticoagulation on obstructive changes in saphaenous-vein coronary-artery bypass grafts. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:153-162.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 153-162
    • Campeau, L.1    Knatterud, G.L.2    Domanski, M.3
  • 65
    • 0034526070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of the low-dose (20 mg) pravastatin GISSI Prevenzione trial in 4271 patients with recent myocardial infarction: Do stopped trials contribute to overall knowledge?
    • GISSI Prevenzione Investigators Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico
    • GISSI Prevenzione Investigators (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico). Results of the low-dose (20 mg) pravastatin GISSI Prevenzione trial in 4271 patients with recent myocardial infarction: do stopped trials contribute to overall knowledge? Ital Heart J 2000; 1:810-820.
    • (2000) Ital Heart J , vol.1 , pp. 810-820
  • 66
    • 0038640448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volume-selective 3D turbo spin echo imaging for vascular wall imaging and distensibility measurement
    • Crowe LA, Gatehouse P, Yang GZ, et al. Volume-selective 3D turbo spin echo imaging for vascular wall imaging and distensibility measurement. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 17:572-580.
    • (2003) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.17 , pp. 572-580
    • Crowe, L.A.1    Gatehouse, P.2    Yang, G.Z.3
  • 67
    • 12744254866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interstudy reproducibility of three-dimensional volume-selective fast spin echomagnetic resonance for quantifying carotid artery wall volume
    • Varghese A, Crowe LA, Mohiaddin RH, et al. Interstudy reproducibility of three-dimensional volume-selective fast spin echomagnetic resonance for quantifying carotid artery wall volume. J Magn Reson Imaging 2005; 21:187-191.
    • (2005) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.21 , pp. 187-191
    • Varghese, A.1    Crowe, L.A.2    Mohiaddin, R.H.3
  • 68
    • 4344578789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glagov remodeling of the atherosclerotic aorta demonstrated by cardiovascular magnetic resonance: The CORDA asymptomatic subject plaque assessment research (CASPAR) project
    • Mohiaddin RH, Burman ED, Prasad SK, et al. Glagov remodeling of the atherosclerotic aorta demonstrated by cardiovascular magnetic resonance: the CORDA asymptomatic subject plaque assessment research (CASPAR) project. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2004; 6:517-525.
    • (2004) J Cardiovasc Magn Reson , vol.6 , pp. 517-525
    • Mohiaddin, R.H.1    Burman, E.D.2    Prasad, S.K.3
  • 69
    • 0035902442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of lipid-lowering by simvastatin on human atherosclerotic lesions: A longitudinal study by high-resolution, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging
    • Corti R, Fayad ZA, Fuster V, et al. Effects of lipid-lowering by simvastatin on human atherosclerotic lesions: a longitudinal study by high-resolution, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2001; 104:249-252.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 249-252
    • Corti, R.1    Fayad, Z.A.2    Fuster, V.3
  • 70
    • 0037016049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid lowering by simvastatin induces regression of human atherosclerotic lesions: Two years' follow-up by high-resolution noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging
    • Corti R, Fuster V, Fayad ZA, et al. Lipid lowering by simvastatin induces regression of human atherosclerotic lesions: two years' follow-up by high-resolution noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2002; 106:2884-2887.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 2884-2887
    • Corti, R.1    Fuster, V.2    Fayad, Z.A.3
  • 71
    • 6444234851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin-induced cholesterol lowering and plaque regression after 6 months of magnetic resonance imaging-monitored therapy
    • Lima JAC, Desai MY, Steen H, et al. Statin-induced cholesterol lowering and plaque regression after 6 months of magnetic resonance imaging-monitored therapy. Circulation 2004; 110:2336-2341.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 2336-2341
    • Lima, J.A.C.1    Desai, M.Y.2    Steen, H.3
  • 72
    • 20044388345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of lipid-lowering therapy with atorvastatin on atherosclerotic aortic plaques detected by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging
    • Yonemura A, Momiyama Y, Fayad ZA, et al. Effect of lipid-lowering therapy with atorvastatin on atherosclerotic aortic plaques detected by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45:733-742.
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.45 , pp. 733-742
    • Yonemura, A.1    Momiyama, Y.2    Fayad, Z.A.3
  • 73
    • 0035723951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prolonged lipid-lowering therapy on the characteristics of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in vivo by MRI: A case-control study
    • Zhao X-Q, Yuan C, Hatsukami TS, et al. Effects of prolonged lipid-lowering therapy on the characteristics of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in vivo by MRI: A case-control study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21:1623-1629.
    • (2001) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.21 , pp. 1623-1629
    • Zhao, X.-Q.1    Yuan, C.2    Hatsukami, T.S.3
  • 74
    • 21344434595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of aggressive versus convetional lipid-lowering therapy by simvastatin on human atherosclerotic lesions
    • Corti R, Fuster V, Fayad ZA, et al. Effects of aggressive versus convetional lipid-lowering therapy by simvastatin on human atherosclerotic lesions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46:106-112.
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.46 , pp. 106-112
    • Corti, R.1    Fuster, V.2    Fayad, Z.A.3
  • 76
    • 33644877105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo quantitative measurement of intact fibrous cap and lipid-rich necrotic core size in atherosclerotic carotid plaque: Comparison of high-resolution, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and histology
    • Cai J, Hatsukami TS, Furguson MS, et al. In vivo quantitative measurement of intact fibrous cap and lipid-rich necrotic core size in atherosclerotic carotid plaque: comparison of high-resolution, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and histology. Circulation 2005; 112:3437-3444.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 3437-3444
    • Cai, J.1    Hatsukami, T.S.2    Furguson, M.S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.