메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 42, 2007, Pages 11179-11191

Spinal astrocyte glutamate receptor 1 overexpression after ischemic insult facilitates behavioral signs of spasticity and rigidity

Author keywords

AMPA receptor; Astrocytes; Ischemia; Rigidity; Spasticity; Spinal cord injury

Indexed keywords

AMPA RECEPTOR; AMPA RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTISENSE OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR 1; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR 2; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR 4; NGX 424; TEZAMPANEL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 35448933957     PISSN: 02706474     EISSN: 02706474     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0989-07.2007     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0031020308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of NMDA and non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors in traumatic spinal cord axonal injury
    • Agrawal SK, Fehlings MG (1997) Role of NMDA and non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors in traumatic spinal cord axonal injury. J Neurosci 17:1055-1063.
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 1055-1063
    • Agrawal, S.K.1    Fehlings, M.G.2
  • 2
    • 0032171558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium elevation in astrocytes causes an NMDA receptor-dependent increase in the frequency of miniature synaptic currents in cultured hippocampal neurons
    • Araque A, Sanzgiri RP, Parpura V, Haydon PG (1998) Calcium elevation in astrocytes causes an NMDA receptor-dependent increase in the frequency of miniature synaptic currents in cultured hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 18:6822-6829.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 6822-6829
    • Araque, A.1    Sanzgiri, R.P.2    Parpura, V.3    Haydon, P.G.4
  • 3
    • 0027535118 scopus 로고
    • Effects of excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists on a capsaicin-evoked nociceptive reflex: A comparison with morphine, clonidine and baclofen
    • Ault B, Hildebrand LM (1993) Effects of excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists on a capsaicin-evoked nociceptive reflex: a comparison with morphine, clonidine and baclofen. Pain 52:341-349.
    • (1993) Pain , vol.52 , pp. 341-349
    • Ault, B.1    Hildebrand, L.M.2
  • 4
    • 0346733218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatments for spasticity and pain in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
    • Beard S, Hunn A, Wight J (2003) Treatments for spasticity and pain in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess 7:1-124.
    • (2003) Health Technol Assess , vol.7 , pp. 1-124
    • Beard, S.1    Hunn, A.2    Wight, J.3
  • 6
    • 0029979667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological discrimination of GluR5 and GluR6 kainate receptor subtypes by (3S,4aR,6R,8aR)-6-[2-(1(2)H-tetrazole-5-yl)ethyl]decahyd roisdoquinoline-3 carboxylic-acid
    • Bleakman R, Schoepp DD, Ballyk B, Bufton H, Sharpe EF, Thomas K, Ornstein PL, Kamboj RK (1996) Pharmacological discrimination of GluR5 and GluR6 kainate receptor subtypes by (3S,4aR,6R,8aR)-6-[2-(1(2)H-tetrazole-5-yl)ethyl]decahyd roisdoquinoline-3 carboxylic-acid. Mol Pharmacol 49:581-585.
    • (1996) Mol Pharmacol , vol.49 , pp. 581-585
    • Bleakman, R.1    Schoepp, D.D.2    Ballyk, B.3    Bufton, H.4    Sharpe, E.F.5    Thomas, K.6    Ornstein, P.L.7    Kamboj, R.K.8
  • 7
    • 0026543243 scopus 로고
    • Divalent ion permeability of AMPA receptor channels is dominated by the edited form of a single subunit
    • Burnashev N, Monyer H, Seeburg PH, Sakmann B (1992) Divalent ion permeability of AMPA receptor channels is dominated by the edited form of a single subunit. Neuron 8:189-198.
    • (1992) Neuron , vol.8 , pp. 189-198
    • Burnashev, N.1    Monyer, H.2    Seeburg, P.H.3    Sakmann, B.4
  • 8
    • 0034672940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal communication systems between astrocytes and neurones
    • Carmignoto G (2000) Reciprocal communication systems between astrocytes and neurones. Prog Neurobiol 62:561-581.
    • (2000) Prog Neurobiol , vol.62 , pp. 561-581
    • Carmignoto, G.1
  • 10
    • 0035230815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gait disorder in spasticity and Parkinson's disease
    • Dietz V (2001) Gait disorder in spasticity and Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol 87:143-154.
    • (2001) Adv Neurol , vol.87 , pp. 143-154
    • Dietz, V.1
  • 11
    • 0028577322 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative assessment of presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents in spastics. Differences in hemiplegics and paraplegics
    • Faist M, Mazevet D, Dietz V, Pierrot-Deseilligny E (1994) A quantitative assessment of presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents in spastics. Differences in hemiplegics and paraplegics. Brain 117:1449-1455.
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , pp. 1449-1455
    • Faist, M.1    Mazevet, D.2    Dietz, V.3    Pierrot-Deseilligny, E.4
  • 12
    • 0842283997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular astrocyte calcium waves in situ increase the frequency of spontaneous AMPA receptor currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons
    • Fiacco TA, McCarthy KD (2004) Intracellular astrocyte calcium waves in situ increase the frequency of spontaneous AMPA receptor currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons. J Neurosci 24:722-732.
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 722-732
    • Fiacco, T.A.1    McCarthy, K.D.2
  • 13
    • 0035801324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMPA-evoked acetylcholine release from cultured spinal cord motoneurons and its inhibition by GABA and glycine
    • Fontana G, Taccola G, Galante J, Salis S, Raiteri M (2001) AMPA-evoked acetylcholine release from cultured spinal cord motoneurons and its inhibition by GABA and glycine. Neuroscience 106:183-191.
    • (2001) Neuroscience , vol.106 , pp. 183-191
    • Fontana, G.1    Taccola, G.2    Galante, J.3    Salis, S.4    Raiteri, M.5
  • 14
    • 0030894007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits in glial cells of the hippocampal CA1 area following transient forebrain ischemia
    • Gottlieb M, Matute C (1997) Expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits in glial cells of the hippocampal CA1 area following transient forebrain ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 17:290-300.
    • (1997) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.17 , pp. 290-300
    • Gottlieb, M.1    Matute, C.2
  • 15
    • 0033565995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in AMPA receptor subunit expression after experimental spinal cord contusion injury
    • Grossman SD, Wolfe BB, Yasuda RP, Wrathall JR (1999) Alterations in AMPA receptor subunit expression after experimental spinal cord contusion injury. J Neurosci 19:5711-5720.
    • (1999) J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 5711-5720
    • Grossman, S.D.1    Wolfe, B.B.2    Yasuda, R.P.3    Wrathall, J.R.4
  • 16
    • 0035071071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of altered glutamate receptor subunit mRNA expression to acute cell loss after spinal cord contusion
    • Grossman SD, Rosenberg LJ, Wrathall JR (2001) Relationship of altered glutamate receptor subunit mRNA expression to acute cell loss after spinal cord contusion. Exp Neurol 168:283-289.
    • (2001) Exp Neurol , vol.168 , pp. 283-289
    • Grossman, S.D.1    Rosenberg, L.J.2    Wrathall, J.R.3
  • 17
    • 0037427965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential efficacy of intrathecal NMDA receptor antagonists on inflammatory mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in rats
    • Hama A, Woon Lee J, Sagen J (2003) Differential efficacy of intrathecal NMDA receptor antagonists on inflammatory mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 459:49-58.
    • (2003) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.459 , pp. 49-58
    • Hama, A.1    Woon Lee, J.2    Sagen, J.3
  • 18
    • 0037223614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal nerve injury activates prostaglandin synthesis in the spinal cord that contributes to early maintenance of tactile allodynia
    • Hefferan MP, Carter P, Haley M, Loomis CW (2003) Spinal nerve injury activates prostaglandin synthesis in the spinal cord that contributes to early maintenance of tactile allodynia. Pain 101:139-147.
    • (2003) Pain , vol.101 , pp. 139-147
    • Hefferan, M.P.1    Carter, P.2    Haley, M.3    Loomis, C.W.4
  • 19
    • 2942614914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMDA and AMPA receptors mediate intracellular calcium increase in rat cortical astrocytes
    • Hu B, Sun SG, Tong ET (2004) NMDA and AMPA receptors mediate intracellular calcium increase in rat cortical astrocytes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 25:714-720.
    • (2004) Acta Pharmacol Sin , vol.25 , pp. 714-720
    • Hu, B.1    Sun, S.G.2    Tong, E.T.3
  • 20
    • 4644224458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spasticity: The misunderstood part of the upper motor neuron syndrome
    • Ivanhoe CB, Reistetter TA (2004) Spasticity: the misunderstood part of the upper motor neuron syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 83:S3-S9.
    • (2004) Am J Phys Med Rehabil , vol.83
    • Ivanhoe, C.B.1    Reistetter, T.A.2
  • 21
    • 25644439044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activated PKA and PKC, but not CaMKIIalpha, are required for AMPA/Kainate-mediated pain behavior in the thermal stimulus model
    • Jones TL, Sorkin LS (2005) Activated PKA and PKC, but not CaMKIIalpha, are required for AMPA/Kainate-mediated pain behavior in the thermal stimulus model. Pain 117:259-270.
    • (2005) Pain , vol.117 , pp. 259-270
    • Jones, T.L.1    Sorkin, L.S.2
  • 22
    • 33746404162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of GABA-sensitive spasticity and rigidity in rats after transient spinal cord ischemia: A qualitative and quantitative electrophysiological and histopathological study
    • Kakinohana O, Hefferan MP, Nakamura S, Kakinohana M, Galik J, Tomori Z, Marsala J, Yaksh TL, Marsala M (2006) Development of GABA-sensitive spasticity and rigidity in rats after transient spinal cord ischemia: a qualitative and quantitative electrophysiological and histopathological study. Neuroscience 141:1569-1583.
    • (2006) Neuroscience , vol.141 , pp. 1569-1583
    • Kakinohana, O.1    Hefferan, M.P.2    Nakamura, S.3    Kakinohana, M.4    Galik, J.5    Tomori, Z.6    Marsala, J.7    Yaksh, T.L.8    Marsala, M.9
  • 23
    • 35448944952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable downregulation of the GluR1 AMPA receptor subunit using lentiviral vector-mediated delivery of short hairpin RNA in primary cortical culture
    • Kinjoh K, Miyanohara M, Hefferan M, Marsala S, Kakinohana O, Yaksh T, Marsala M (2005) Stable downregulation of the GluR1 AMPA receptor subunit using lentiviral vector-mediated delivery of short hairpin RNA in primary cortical culture. Int J Neuroprotec Neuroregen 1:177-181.
    • (2005) Int J Neuroprotec Neuroregen , vol.1 , pp. 177-181
    • Kinjoh, K.1    Miyanohara, M.2    Hefferan, M.3    Marsala, S.4    Kakinohana, O.5    Yaksh, T.6    Marsala, M.7
  • 25
    • 29844433027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate-induced glutamate release: A proposed mechanism for calcium bursting in astrocytes
    • Larter R, Craig MG (2005) Glutamate-induced glutamate release: a proposed mechanism for calcium bursting in astrocytes. Chaos 15:047511.
    • (2005) Chaos , vol.15 , pp. 047511
    • Larter, R.1    Craig, M.G.2
  • 26
    • 0025091693 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in group Ia projections to motoneurons following spinal lesions in humans
    • Mailis A, Ashby P (1990) Alterations in group Ia projections to motoneurons following spinal lesions in humans. J Neurophysiol 64:637-647.
    • (1990) J Neurophysiol , vol.64 , pp. 637-647
    • Mailis, A.1    Ashby, P.2
  • 27
    • 0346461652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic plasticity and AMPA receptor trafficking
    • Malenka RC (2003) Synaptic plasticity and AMPA receptor trafficking. Ann NY Acad Sci 1003:1-11.
    • (2003) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1003 , pp. 1-11
    • Malenka, R.C.1
  • 28
    • 8144224012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal implantation of hNT neurons and neuronal precursors: Graft survival and functional effects in rats with ischemic spastic paraplegia
    • Marsala M, Kakinohana O, Yaksh TL, Tomori Z, Marsala S, Cizkova D (2004) Spinal implantation of hNT neurons and neuronal precursors: graft survival and functional effects in rats with ischemic spastic paraplegia. Eur J Neurosci 20:2401-2414.
    • (2004) Eur J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 2401-2414
    • Marsala, M.1    Kakinohana, O.2    Yaksh, T.L.3    Tomori, Z.4    Marsala, S.5    Cizkova, D.6
  • 29
    • 28244454541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of peripheral muscle resistance in rats with chronic ischemia-induced paraplegia or morphine-induced rigidity using a semiautomated computer-controlled muscle resistance meter
    • Marsala M, Hefferan MP, Kakinohana O, Nakamura S, Marsala J, Tomori Z (2005) Measurement of peripheral muscle resistance in rats with chronic ischemia-induced paraplegia or morphine-induced rigidity using a semiautomated computer-controlled muscle resistance meter. J Neurotrauma 22:1348-1361.
    • (2005) J Neurotrauma , vol.22 , pp. 1348-1361
    • Marsala, M.1    Hefferan, M.P.2    Kakinohana, O.3    Nakamura, S.4    Marsala, J.5    Tomori, Z.6
  • 30
    • 23844469720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-concentration rapid transients of glutamate mediate neural-glial communication via ectopic release
    • Matsui K, Jahr CE, Rubio ME (2005) High-concentration rapid transients of glutamate mediate neural-glial communication via ectopic release. J Neurosci 25:7538-7547.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 7538-7547
    • Matsui, K.1    Jahr, C.E.2    Rubio, M.E.3
  • 31
    • 0014932215 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord function in postischemic rigidity in the rat
    • Matsushita A, Smith CM (1970) Spinal cord function in postischemic rigidity in the rat. Brain Res 19:395-410.
    • (1970) Brain Res , vol.19 , pp. 395-410
    • Matsushita, A.1    Smith, C.M.2
  • 33
    • 0024679186 scopus 로고
    • Recurrent inhibition in human spinal spasticity
    • Mazzocchio R, Rossi A (1989) Recurrent inhibition in human spinal spasticity. Ital J Neurol Sci 10:337-347.
    • (1989) Ital J Neurol Sci , vol.10 , pp. 337-347
    • Mazzocchio, R.1    Rossi, A.2
  • 34
    • 3042818669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widespread expression of the AMPA receptor GluR2 subunit at glutamatergic synapses in the rat spinal cord and phosphorylation of GluR1 in response to noxious stimulation revealed with an antigen-unmasking method
    • Nagy GG, Al-Ayyan M, Andrew D, Fukaya M, Watanabe M, Todd AJ (2004) Widespread expression of the AMPA receptor GluR2 subunit at glutamatergic synapses in the rat spinal cord and phosphorylation of GluR1 in response to noxious stimulation revealed with an antigen-unmasking method. J Neurosci 24:5766-5777.
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 5766-5777
    • Nagy, G.G.1    Al-Ayyan, M.2    Andrew, D.3    Fukaya, M.4    Watanabe, M.5    Todd, A.J.6
  • 35
    • 0028027628 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of AMPA, an excitatory amino acid, to rat spinal cord neurons under intrathecal administration
    • in Japanese
    • Nakamura R, Kamakura K, Kwak S (1994) Toxicity of AMPA, an excitatory amino acid, to rat spinal cord neurons under intrathecal administration (in Japanese). Rinsho Shinkeigaku 34:679-684.
    • (1994) Rinsho Shinkeigaku , vol.34 , pp. 679-684
    • Nakamura, R.1    Kamakura, K.2    Kwak, S.3
  • 36
    • 0031912995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate receptors in the mammalian central nervous system
    • Ozawa S, Kamiya H, Tsuzuki K (1998) Glutamate receptors in the mammalian central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 54:581-618.
    • (1998) Prog Neurobiol , vol.54 , pp. 581-618
    • Ozawa, S.1    Kamiya, H.2    Tsuzuki, K.3
  • 38
    • 0034743201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ oscillations in situ drive NMDAR-mediated neuronal excitation
    • 2+ oscillations in situ drive NMDAR-mediated neuronal excitation. Nat Neurosci 4:803-812.
    • (2001) Nat Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 803-812
    • Parri, H.R.1    Gould, T.M.2    Crunelli, V.3
  • 39
    • 0030820823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular calcium oscillations in astrocytes: A highly plastic, bidirectional form of communication between neurons and astrocytes in situ
    • Pasti L, Volterra A, Pozzan T, Carmignoto G (1997) Intracellular calcium oscillations in astrocytes: a highly plastic, bidirectional form of communication between neurons and astrocytes in situ. J Neurosci 17:7817-7830.
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 7817-7830
    • Pasti, L.1    Volterra, A.2    Pozzan, T.3    Carmignoto, G.4
  • 40
    • 0026452868 scopus 로고
    • Switch in glutamate receptor subunit gene expression in CA1 subfield of hippocampus following global ischemia in rats
    • Pellegrini-Giampietro DE, Zukin RS, Bennett MV, Cho S, Pulsinelli WA (1992) Switch in glutamate receptor subunit gene expression in CA1 subfield of hippocampus following global ischemia in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:10499-10503.
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.89 , pp. 10499-10503
    • Pellegrini-Giampietro, D.E.1    Zukin, R.S.2    Bennett, M.V.3    Cho, S.4    Pulsinelli, W.A.5
  • 42
    • 0027202102 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic excitation of alpha-motoneurons by dorsal root afferents in the neonatal rat spinal cord
    • Pinco M, Lev-Tov A (1993) Synaptic excitation of alpha-motoneurons by dorsal root afferents in the neonatal rat spinal cord. J Neurophysiol 70:406-417.
    • (1993) J Neurophysiol , vol.70 , pp. 406-417
    • Pinco, M.1    Lev-Tov, A.2
  • 43
    • 3042773520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does spasticity result from hyperactive stretch reflexes? Preliminary findings from a stretch reflex characterization study
    • Salazar-Torres Jde J, Pandyan AD, Price CI, Davidson RI, Barnes MP, Johnson GR (2004) Does spasticity result from hyperactive stretch reflexes? Preliminary findings from a stretch reflex characterization study. Disabil Rehabil 26:756-760.
    • (2004) Disabil Rehabil , vol.26 , pp. 756-760
    • Salazar-Torres Jde, J.1    Pandyan, A.D.2    Price, C.I.3    Davidson, R.I.4    Barnes, M.P.5    Johnson, G.R.6
  • 45
    • 0025923854 scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotectant effects of LY274614, a structurally novel systemically active competitive NMDA receptor antagonist
    • Schoepp DD, Ornstein PL, Salhoff CR, Leander JD (1991) Neuroprotectant effects of LY274614, a structurally novel systemically active competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. J Neural Transm Gen Sect 85:131-143.
    • (1991) J Neural Transm Gen Sect , vol.85 , pp. 131-143
    • Schoepp, D.D.1    Ornstein, P.L.2    Salhoff, C.R.3    Leander, J.D.4
  • 46
    • 0027956478 scopus 로고
    • N-methyl-D- aspartate (NMDA)-mediated muscle relaxant action of flupirtine in rats
    • Schwarz M, Block F, Pergande G (1994) N-methyl-D- aspartate (NMDA)-mediated muscle relaxant action of flupirtine in rats. NeuroReport 5:1981-1984.
    • (1994) NeuroReport , vol.5 , pp. 1981-1984
    • Schwarz, M.1    Block, F.2    Pergande, G.3
  • 47
    • 0028985760 scopus 로고
    • N-methyl- D-aspartate and alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms are involved in the depressant action of flupirtine on spinal reflexes in rats
    • Schwarz M, Schmitt T, Pergande G, Block F (1995) N-methyl- D-aspartate and alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms are involved in the depressant action of flupirtine on spinal reflexes in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 276:247-255.
    • (1995) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.276 , pp. 247-255
    • Schwarz, M.1    Schmitt, T.2    Pergande, G.3    Block, F.4
  • 48
    • 1442300141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced relative expression of glutamate receptor 1 flip AMPA receptor subunits in hippocampal astrocytes of epilepsy patients with Ammon's horn sclerosis
    • Seifert G, Huttmann K, Schramm J, Steinhauser C (2004) Enhanced relative expression of glutamate receptor 1 flip AMPA receptor subunits in hippocampal astrocytes of epilepsy patients with Ammon's horn sclerosis. J Neurosci 24:1996-2003.
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 1996-2003
    • Seifert, G.1    Huttmann, K.2    Schramm, J.3    Steinhauser, C.4
  • 49
    • 33644519960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte dysfunction in neurological disorders: A molecular perspective
    • Seifert G, Schilling K, Steinhauser C (2006) Astrocyte dysfunction in neurological disorders: a molecular perspective. Nat Rev Neurosci 7:194-206.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 194-206
    • Seifert, G.1    Schilling, K.2    Steinhauser, C.3
  • 50
    • 19044393093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of spasticity
    • discussion 53-61
    • Sheean G (2002) The pathophysiology of spasticity. Eur J Neurol 9 [Suppl 1]:3-9; discussion 53-61.
    • (2002) Eur J Neurol , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 3-9
    • Sheean, G.1
  • 51
    • 0033103308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mature hippocampal astrocytes exhibit functional metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors in situ
    • Shelton MK, McCarthy KD (1999) Mature hippocampal astrocytes exhibit functional metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors in situ. Glia 26:1-11.
    • (1999) Glia , vol.26 , pp. 1-11
    • Shelton, M.K.1    McCarthy, K.D.2
  • 53
    • 0029745417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of proximal arterial perfusion pressure on function, spinal cord blood flow, and histopathologic changes after increasing intervals of aortic occlusion in the rat
    • Taira Y, Marsala M (1996) Effect of proximal arterial perfusion pressure on function, spinal cord blood flow, and histopathologic changes after increasing intervals of aortic occlusion in the rat. Stroke 27:1850-1858.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 1850-1858
    • Taira, Y.1    Marsala, M.2
  • 54
    • 0014083575 scopus 로고
    • Rigidity in man due to spinal interneuron loss
    • Tarlov IM (1967) Rigidity in man due to spinal interneuron loss. Arch Neurol 16:536-543.
    • (1967) Arch Neurol , vol.16 , pp. 536-543
    • Tarlov, I.M.1
  • 55
    • 33845961213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of propentofylline, a glial modulating agent, on existing mechanical allodynia following peripheral nerve injury
    • Tawfik VL, Nutile-McMenemy N, Lacroix-Fralish ML, Deleo JA (2007) Efficacy of propentofylline, a glial modulating agent, on existing mechanical allodynia following peripheral nerve injury. Brain Behav Immun 21:238-246.
    • (2007) Brain Behav Immun , vol.21 , pp. 238-246
    • Tawfik, V.L.1    Nutile-McMenemy, N.2    Lacroix-Fralish, M.L.3    Deleo, J.A.4
  • 56
    • 0032945303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dorsolateral spinal lesions on stretch reflex threshold and stiffness in awake cats
    • Taylor J, Munson J, Vierck Jr C (1999) Effects of dorsolateral spinal lesions on stretch reflex threshold and stiffness in awake cats. Eur J Neurosci 11:363-368.
    • (1999) Eur J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 363-368
    • Taylor, J.1    Munson, J.2    Vierck Jr, C.3
  • 58
    • 0027761417 scopus 로고
    • Effect of the beta-carboline abecarnil on spinal reflexes in mice and on muscle tone in genetically spastic rats: A comparison with diazepam
    • Turski L, Stephens DN (1993) Effect of the beta-carboline abecarnil on spinal reflexes in mice and on muscle tone in genetically spastic rats: a comparison with diazepam. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 267:1215-1220.
    • (1993) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.267 , pp. 1215-1220
    • Turski, L.1    Stephens, D.N.2
  • 59
    • 0036303984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intrathecal non-NMDAEAA receptor antagonist LY293558 in rats: A new class of drugs for spinal anesthesia
    • Von Bergen NH, Subieta A, Brennan TJ (2002) Effect of intrathecal non-NMDAEAA receptor antagonist LY293558 in rats: a new class of drugs for spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology 97:177-182.
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.97 , pp. 177-182
    • Von Bergen, N.H.1    Subieta, A.2    Brennan, T.J.3
  • 60
    • 0031842886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective scarcity of NMDA receptor channel subunits in the stratum lucidum (mossy fibre-recipient layer) of the mouse hippocampal CA3 subfield
    • Watanabe M, Fukaya M, Sakimura K, Manabe T, Mishina M, Inoue Y (1998) Selective scarcity of NMDA receptor channel subunits in the stratum lucidum (mossy fibre-recipient layer) of the mouse hippocampal CA3 subfield. Eur J Neurosci 10:478-487.
    • (1998) Eur J Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 478-487
    • Watanabe, M.1    Fukaya, M.2    Sakimura, K.3    Manabe, T.4    Mishina, M.5    Inoue, Y.6
  • 61
    • 0017036162 scopus 로고
    • Chronic catheterization of the spinal subarachnoid space
    • Yaksh T, Rudy T (1976) Chronic catheterization of the spinal subarachnoid space. Physiol Behav 17:1031-1036.
    • (1976) Physiol Behav , vol.17 , pp. 1031-1036
    • Yaksh, T.1    Rudy, T.2
  • 62
    • 0642347123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of increased intracellular calcium in astrocytes by glutamate through activating NMDA and AMPA receptors
    • Zhang Q, Hu B, Sun S, Tong E (2003) Induction of increased intracellular calcium in astrocytes by glutamate through activating NMDA and AMPA receptors. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 23:254-257.
    • (2003) J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci , vol.23 , pp. 254-257
    • Zhang, Q.1    Hu, B.2    Sun, S.3    Tong, E.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.