Epilepsy in pregnancy

British Medical Journal

Volumn 335, Issue 7623, 2007, Pages 769-773

  Tomson, Torbjörn ^a   Hiilesmaa, Vilho ^b  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBAMAZEPINE; FOLIC ACID; LAMOTRIGINE; OXCARBAZEPINE; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; VALPROIC ACID;

BREAST FEEDING EDUCATION; CLEFT LIP; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE CONTROL; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFICACY; EPILEPSY; FETUS MALFORMATION; FETUS MONITORING; FETUS OUTCOME; GENETIC COUNSELING; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; MONOTHERAPY; NEURAL TUBE DEFECT; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PATIENT COUNSELING; PATIENT MONITORING; PATIENT SAFETY; PREGNANCY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEIZURE SUSCEPTIBILITY; SYMPTOM; TREATMENT PLANNING;

ABNORMALITIES, DRUG-INDUCED; ANTICONVULSANTS; BREAST FEEDING; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; EPILEPSY; FEMALE; HUMANS; PATIENT CARE PLANNING; PRECONCEPTION CARE; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; PRENATAL CARE; RISK FACTORS; TERATOGENS;

EID: 35349011090     PISSN: 09598146     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39266.473113.BE     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Viinikainen K, Heinonen S, Eriksson K, Kalviainen R. Community-based, prospective, controlled study of obstetric and neonatal outcome of 179 pregnancies in women with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2006;47:186-92.
2. Artama M, Auvinen A, Raudaskoski T, Isojärvi J. Antiepileptic drug use of women with epilepsy and congenital malformations in offspring. Neurology 2005;64:1874-8.
3. Katz O, Levy A, Wiznitzer A, Sheiner E. Pregnancy and perinatal outcome in epileptic women: a population-based study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2006;19:21-5.
4. Bardy AH. Incidence of seizures during pregnancy, labor and Puerperium in epileptic women: a prospective study. Acta Neurol Scand 1987;75:356-60.
5. Gjerde IO, Strandjord RE, Ulstein M. The course of epilepsy during pregnancy: a study of 78 cases. Acta Neurol Scand 1988;78:198-205.
6. Tomson T, Lindbom U, Ekqvist B, Sundqvist A. Epilepsy and pregnancy: a prospective study of seizure control in relation to free and total plasma concentrations of carbamazepine and phenytoin. Epilepsia 1994;35:122-30.
7. Sabers A, Rogvi-Hansen B, Dam M, Fischer-Rasmussen W, Gram L, Hansen M, et al. Pregnancy and epilepsy: a retrospective study of 151 pregnancies. Acta Neurol Scand 1998;97:164-70.
8. The EURAP Study Group. Seizure control and treatment in pregnancy. Observations from the EURAP epilepsy pregnancy registry. Neurology 2006;66:354-60.
9. Tomson T, Battino D. Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring of newer antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy and the Puerperium. Clin Pharmacokinet 2007;46:209-19.
10. Adab N, Kini U, Vinten J, Ayres J, Baker G, Clayton-Smith J, Coyle H, et al. The longer term outcome of children born to mothers with epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:1575-83.
11. Lipka K, Bulow HH. Lactic acidosis following convulsions. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2003;47:616-8.
12. Hiilesmaa VK, Bardy A, Teramo K. Obstetric outcome in women with epilepsy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985;152:499-504.
13. Richmond JR, Krishnamoorthy P, Andermann E, Benjamin A. Epilepsy and pregnancy: an obstetric perspective. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:371-9.
14. Hiilesmaa VK. Pregnancy and birth in women with epilepsy. Neurology 1992;42(suppl 5):8-11.
15. Fried S, Kozer E, Nulman I, Einarson TR, Koren G. Malformation rates in children of women with untreated epilepsy: a meta-analysis. Drug Saf 2004;27:197-202.
16. Tomson T, Perucca E, Battino D. Navigating toward foetal and maternal health: the challenge of treating epilepsy in pregnancy. Epilepsia 2004;45:1171-5.
17. Perucca E. Birth defects after prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs. Lancet Neurol 2005;4:781-6.
18. Morrow J, Russell A, Guthrie E, Parsons L, Robertson I, Waddell R, et al. Malformation risks of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: a prospective study from the UK epilepsy and pregnancy register. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;77:193-8.
19. Kaneko S, Battino D, Andermann E, Wada K, Kan R, Takeda A, et al. Congenital malformations due to antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Res 1999;33:145-58.
20. Samren EB, van Duijn CM, Christiaens GC, Hofman A, Lindhout D. Antiepileptic drug regimens and major congenital abnormalities in the offspring. Ann Neurol 1999;46:739-46.
21. Holmes LB, Harvey EA, Coull BA, Huntington KB, Khoshbin S, Hayes AM, et al. The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1132-8.
22. Kaaja E, Kaaja R, Hiilesmaa V. Major malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy. Neurology 2003;60:575-9.
23. Vajda FJ, O'Brien TJ, Hitchcock A, Graham J, Cook M, Lander C, et al. Critical relationship between sodium valproate dose and human teratogenicity: results of the Australian register of anti-epileptic drugs in pregnancy. J Clin Neurosci 2004;11:854-8.
24. Holmes LB, Wyszynski DF, Baldwin EJ, Habecker E, Glassman LH, Smith CR. Increased risk for non-syndromic cleft palate among infants exposed to lamotrigine during pregnancy. Birth Def Res Clin Mol Teratol 2006;76:318.
25. Wide K, Winbladh B, Kallen B. Major malformations in infants exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero, with emphasis on carbamazepine and valproic acid: a nation-wide, population-based register study. Acta Paediatr 2004;93:174-6.
26. Cunnington M, Ferber S, Quartney G; International Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry Scientific Advisory Committee. Effect of dose on the frequency of major birth defects following fetal exposure to lamotrigine monotherapy in an international observational study. Epilepsia 2007;48:1207-10.
27. Wyszynski DF, Nambisan M, Surve T, Alsdorf RM, Smith CR, Holmes LB. Increased rate of major malformations in offspring exposed to valproate during pregnancy. Neurology 2005;64:961-5.
28. Hernandez-Diaz S, Smith CR, Wyszynski DF, Holmes LB. Risk of major malformations among infants exposed to carbamazepine during pregnancy. Birth Defects Res Clin Mol Teratol 2007;79:357.
29. Holmes LB, Wyszynski DF, Lieberman E. The antiepileptic drug pregnancy registry: a 6-year experience. Arch Neurol 2004;61:673-8.
30. Tomson T, Battino D. Teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs: state of the art. Curr Opin Neurol 2005;18:135-40.
31. Adab N, Tudur SC, Vinten J, Williamson PR, Winterbottom JB. Common antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy in women with epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(3):CD004848.
32. Vinten J, Adab N, Kini U, Gorry J, Gregg J, Baker G. Neuropsychological effects of exposure to anticonvulsant medication in utero. Neurology 2005;64:949-54.
33. Gaily E, Kantola-Sorsa E, Hiilesmaa V, Isoaho M, Matila R, Kotila M, et al. Normal intelligence in children with prenatal exposure to carbamazepine. Neurology 2004;62:28-32.
34. Eriksson K, Viinikainen K, Monkkonen A, Aikia M, Nieminen, P, Heinonen S, et al. Children exposed to valproate in utero: population-based evaluation of risks and confounding factors for long-term neurocognitive development. Epilepsy Res 2005;65:189-200.
35. Tran TA, Leppik IE, Blesi K, Sathanandan ST, Remmel R. Lamotrigine clearance during pregnancy. Neurology 2002;59:251-5.
36. Pennell PB, Newport DJ, Stowe ZN, Helmers SL, Montgomery JQ, Henry TR. The impact of pregnancy and childbirth on the metabolism of lamotrigine. Neurology 2004;62:292-5.
37. De Haan GJ, Edelbroek P, Segers J, Engelsman M, Lindhout D, Devile-Notschaele M, et al. Gestation-induced changes in lamotrigine pharmacokinetics: a monotherapy study. Neurology 2004;63:571-3.
38. Petrenaite V, Sabers A, Hansen-Schwartz J. Individual changes in lamotrigine plasma concentrations during pregnancy. Epilepsy Res 2005;65:185-8.
39. Mazzucchelli I, Onat FY, Özkara C, Atakli D, Specchio LM, Neve AL, et al. Changes in the disposition of oxcarbazepine and its metabolites during pregnancy and the Puerperium. Epilepsia 2006;47:504-9.
40. Christensen J, Sabers A, Sidenius P. Oxcarbazepine concentrations during pregnancy: a retrospective study in patients with epilepsy. Neurology 2006;67:1497-9.
41. Kälviäinen R, Tomson T. Optimizing treatment of epilepsy during pregnancy. Neurology 2006;67(suppl 4):S59-63.
42. Moore JL. The significance of folic acid for epilepsy patients. Epilepsy Behav 2005;7:172-81.
43. Stokes T, Juarez-Garcia A, Camosso-Stefinovic J, Baker R. Clinical guidelines and evidence review for the epilepsies: diagnosis and management in adults and children in primary and secondary care. London: Royal College of General Practitioners, 2004.
44. Crawford P. Best practice guidelines for the management of women with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2005;46(suppl 9):117-24.
45. Breen DP, Davenport RJ. Teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs. BMJ 2006;333:615-6.
46. Kooper AJ, de Bruijn D, van Ravenwaaij-Arts CM, Faas BH, Creemers JW, Thomas CM, et al. Fetal anomaly scan potentially will replace routine AFAFP assays for the detection of neural tube defects. Prenat Diagn 2007;27:29-33.
47. Tomson T. Gender aspects of pharmacokinetics of new and old AEDs: pregnancy and breast-feeding. Ther Drug Monit 2005;27:718-21.